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Biomedical subjects

K Martin

Publications and source records attributed to K Martin.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Breast-feeding in the clinic and following discharge].

In 1980 we asked 491 women in childbed about their breast-feeding behaviour in the hospital and later at home. For 11,3 weeks on an average a woman supported her baby by breast-feeding, the total breast-feeding-time on an average was 20,02 weeks. The immediate breast-feeding after the delivery seems not to have such an important influence as the general breast-feeding situation in the hospital, which is influenced by the rooming-in-system and the free-demand-feeding. The parity had no influence on the intensity of breast-feeding, but women over 30 supported their children much longer by breast-feeding than younger ones. Also we found out, that women with a better school education and a higher qualified profession nursed their babies longer than other ones with a less qualified education. The way of delivery had no influence on the breast-feeding behaviour. In our region, female babies were nursed longer than male ones. We could clearly find out, that the partner influenced the breast-feeding behaviour of the young mother. The main reason for the delactation was the hypogalactia, it influenced the total breast-feeding time negatively, naturally. Those women, who were advised by their gynecologists appear to nurse a shorter time and to complain more frequently about complications. Multiparas with breast-feeding complications consulted the doctor more often than primiparas. As we think, that young mothers are fixing their breast- feeding intention already during their pregnancy, we present a model of the integration of the La Leche League in our hospital week day and also in our delivery preparation courses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1983

[Breast feeding following hospital discharge].

The pattern of nursing following discharge from the hospital was investigated in 491 patients during 1980. A mean total duration of nursing of 20.02 weeks and a mean complete duration of nursing of 11.3 weeks was found. Early nursing following delivery does not have as significant an influence on the intensity of nursing as the proportion of nursing during the post-partum stay in hospital. Mothers who nursed completely during their stay in hospital continued to nurse for a longer time (24.3 weeks) as women who added half formula during their stay in hospital (mean nursing time 10.8 weeks). Parity did not influence the duration of nursing. However mothers over age 30 nursed much longer than younger mothers. Also women with more education nursed longer than women with less education. The type of delivery did not have a remarkable influence on the intensity of nursing. Female infants were nursed longer than male infants. The attitude of the marital partner on nursing was important for the duration of nursing. Mothers with a partner displaying a positive attitude to nursing nursed significantly longer than mothers with partners who were indifferent or negative to nursing (comparative mean duration of nursing 20.2 weeks versus 14.2 weeks). The main reason for weaning was hypogalactia (44.2%). Women with this reason for weaning had a much shorter total duration of nursing than women in the control group. Women with their first babies more often had no counselling on nursing after discharge from the hospital than women who had several children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1983

Storage cabinet for volatile toxic chemicals.

It is common practice to store toxic volatile chemicals in a laboratory fume hood. Although this provides safe storage, it becomes necessary to operate the hood continuously, resulting in a continuous loss of conditioned air from the building. Often, bottles containing highly toxic chemicals are few in numbers and small in size so that the storage volume required for this purpose is modest. This makes it possible to utilize a small auxiliary storage cabinet in place of a chemical hood for this purpose, provided all the vapors from the stored chemicals can be retained. We have constructed and tested a passive storage cabinet consisting of a metal box, 30 X 30 X 30 cm, with a front-opening latchable door, a false bottom for catching and retaining liquid spills, and an open top completely covered with a 5-cm depth of tightly packed, gas-adsorbing, activated charcoal. All vapors released inside the cabinet must pass through the charcoal before reaching the outside and are retained on the charcoal. Means are provided to purge the box of residual vapors before opening the door by compressed air line or a hand-operated squeeze bulb. The incoming fresh air sweeps through the chamber and exists through the charcoal filter.

Drug Storage↗
PubMed1983

Successful pregnancy in beta-thalassaemia major.

Successful pregnancy is described in a patient with beta-thalassaemia major, transfusion-dependent from four months of age and treated with desferrioxamine from 13 years of age. The pregnancy was concealed. No antenatal care was given nor any planned alteration in management of her thalassaemic state.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Genetic control of corticosteroid side-chain isomerase activity in the mouse.

The corticosteroid side-chain isomerases of mammalian liver catalyze the interconversion of the ketol and aldol side chains. In the mouse, isomerase was low in C57BL/6 (B6) mice (130 pmol/mg protein . 2 h) and high in BALB/c (C) mice (230 pmol/mg protein . 2 h). From analysis of hybrids between B6 and C and of backcrosses of these hybrids to B6, it was concluded that isomerase levels are controlled by a single autosomal gene dominant for high activity. The distribution of high and low isomerase levels in a series of CXB/By recombinant inbred strains of mice was consistent with linkage of the isomerase gene to H-2. Congenic BALB.B mice (H-2b haplotype from C57BL/10) had low isomerase activities corresponding to C57BL/10, not the high activity of the background strain BALB/c(H-2d). Similarly, BN10.D2 congenic mice (H-2d haplotype from the DBA/2 strain) had high activity characteristic of DBA/2. In the (C X B6)F1, (C X BALB.B)F1 and (B10 X B10.D2)F1 hybrids, all of which are H-2d/H-2d heterozygotes, isomerase activity was high. The association of isomerase levels with H-2 type was further confirmed in mice of the following backcrosses: (C X BALB.B)F1 X BALB.B, (C X B6)F1 X B6 and (B10 X B10.D2)F1 X B10. H-2b/H-2b homozygous segregants had consistently low activity and H-2b/H-2d heterozygous segregants had consistently high activity. It was concluded that the level of corticosteroid side-chain isomerase activity in mouse liver is controlled by a gene(s) in the region of the H-2 locus on chromosome 17.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Side effects and early complications following cervical priming with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in inducing abortion in young women in their 1st pregnancy].

By the application of the priming with 2.5 mg Minprostin F2 alpha a statistically provable dilatation of the cervix in comparison with another group can be achieved. But the priming does not yet effect the occurrence of early complications of the interruption in comparison with conventional methods. In is to be supposed that this method has got a protecting effect on the occurrence of latent late complications of the interruption. Because of the secondary effects of prostaglandins the indication for softening of the cervix should be applied to a very limited range of patients only.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1982

Oxidative peptide (and amide) formation from Schiff base complexes.

One hypothesis of the origin of pre-modern forms of life is that the original replicating molecules were specific polypeptides which acted as templates for the assembly of poly-Schiff bases complementary to the template, and that these polymers were then oxidized to peptide linkages, probably by photo-produced oxidants. A double cycle of such anti-parallel complementary replication would yield the original peptide polymer. If this model were valid, the Schiff base between an N-acyl alpha amino aldehyde and an amino acid should yield a dipeptide in aqueous solution in the presence of an appropriate oxidant. In the present study it is shown that the substituted dipeptide, N-acetyl-tyrosyl-tyrosine, is produced in high yield in aqueous solution at pH 9 through the action of H2O2 on the Schiff-base complex between N-acetyl-tyrosinal and tyrosine and that a great variety of N-acyl amino acids are formed from amino acids and aliphatic aldehydes under similar conditions.

Amides↗
PubMed1982

The distribution and fate of 14C-chloramphenicol in the new-born pig.

The distribution of 14C-chloramphenicol has been studied in new-born pigs with the aid of whole-body autoradiography. In the lung, liver, adrenal cortex, kidney, myocardium, pancreas, thyroid, spleen and skeletal muscle the amounts of radioactivity were higher than that of the blood short time after injection and remained higher than the blood up to 8 hrs. After 4 and 8 hrs the brain concentration of 14C was also higher than that of the blood. In the bone marrow, however, the concentration did not reach that of the blood during the whole experiment. In the organs more than 90% of the radioactivity was represented by chloramphenicol: the excretory organs, thyroids, and adrenals being exceptions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Urinary excretion of arterial blood prostaglandins and thromboxanes in man.

To determine the fraction of the arterial prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) that is excreted unmetabolized into human urine, the 3H-labeled compounds were separately infused into the renal artery or brachial vein of 23 subjects. Urine extracts were subjected to sequential chromatography on thin-layer plates, Sephadex LH-20, and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography to isolate the unmetabolized fraction. Dual isotope ratio techniques were used to identify peak fractions, to assess purity, and to calculate recovery. Following renal artery infusions, 32.2% of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, 13.5% of TXB2, and 3.9% of PGE2 were excreted unmetabolized. Calculated fractional excretion of these compounds on a single transit through the kidney are approximately 30, 13, and 3.9%, respectively. Following brachial vein infusion of [3H]prostaglandin I2, 2.7% of the infusate was excreted as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, suggesting that circulating prostaglandin I2 may contribute to urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. When combined with published measurements of urinary PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and TXB2, these data can be used to calculate the maximum arterial blood concentration of these substances. The results indicate that arterial blood concentration of PGE2, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in man are only a few picograms per milliliter or less.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evidence for a dual action of converting enzyme inhibitor on blood pressure in normal man.

We studied the effect of a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), Captopril SQ 14,225 50 mg p.o. in eight supine normal subjects under a high sodium (150 mEq/d) and low sodium (25 mEq/d) diet. On high sodium, plasma renin (PRA) and aldosterone were basal and Saralasin did not lower mean blood pressure. However, CEI induced an 11.4 +/- 3.2 mm fall in blood pressure (p less than 0.02) and either indomethacin 50 mg or ibuprofen 800 mg (PI), when given simultaneously on another day abolished the blood pressure response (2.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, p greater than 0.5). In contrast, on a low salt diet where renin was increased, CEI induced a drop in blood pressure which was not significantly altered by PI (12.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 10.0 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, p greater than 0.5). CEI increased plasma renin on both diets (1.7 +/- 0.5 to 3.5 +/- 0.8 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 to 12.5 +/- 3.1 ng/ml/hr respectively both p less than 0.05). Aldosterone did not change (high Na+) or fell (low Na+). Inhibition of Prostaglandin synthesis did not significantly block the renin rise from CEI suggesting that the direct angiotensin II negative feedback is relatively independent of acute prostaglandin release. Our studies suggest that CEI has a dual hypotensive action. In a low renin state, the hypotensive action appears to be mediated through vascular prostaglandins.

Adult↗