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Biomedical subjects

K Mani

Publications and source records attributed to K Mani.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Impact of MDT on incidence rates of leprosy among household contacts. Part 1. Baseline data.

This preliminary study from Gudiyatham Taluk, the leprosy control area of the Schieffelin Leprosy Research & Training Centre, investigated the incidence rates of leprosy among household contacts during the period 1970-1985. The incidence rates of leprosy among the household contacts prior to and during the initiation of multi-drug therapy are presented here. The overall incidence rate among the household contacts was 4 per 1000 person-years at risk. Contacts of multibacillary and paucibacillary cases had a relative risk of 3-6 times and 2-4 times the risk of leprosy in the general population, respectively. The incidence rates among children were higher than adults; the peak age-specific incidence rate was between 5-9 years, and nearly one third of the primary cases were children. These findings are presented and the methodological issues discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Effect of safe concentrations of some pesticides on thyroid in the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus: a histopathological study.

The effect of 'safe application rate (SAR)' concentrations of the insecticides fenitrothion 50% EC (an organophosphate) and carbofuran 3% G (a carbamate) on histopathological changes in the thyroid gland have been studied during chronic exposure for 120 days (mid-April to mid-August). The studies reveal significant declines in the diameters of the follicle and the colloid of the thyroid, but a significant increase in the height of the epithelium, following exposure to both fenitrothion or carbofuran. In the fenitrothion treatment, invasion by blood corpuscles into the follicular lumen, following breakdown of the epithelium, was also observed. The degeneration of the epithelium and the loss of colloid in the follicles suggest that the fenitrothion treatment is more severe than the carbofuran treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Effect of safe concentrations of some pesticides on testicular recrudescence in the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus (Bl): a morphological study.

The effects of safe concentrations of fenitrothion 50% E.C., an organophosphate, and carbofuran 3% G, a carbamate, on testicular recrudescence of Channa punctatus during the maturing, prespawning, and spawning phases (15th April through 12th August, 1980) of the annual reproductive cycle have been studied. The results reveal that compared to the carbofuran treatment, the fenitrothion treatment was more effective in lowering testicular weights. Furthermore, the carbofuran treatment delayed the formation of spermatids and sperm, since their occurrence in the testes was observed at 90 days of exposure, but at 60 days of exposure in the control fish. The fenitrothion treatment not only delayed the formation of spermatids, but also arrested the formation of sperm, since most of the spermatids had undergone necrosis. The exposure for 120 days to safe concentrations of carbofuran/fenitrothion also resulted in the necrosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, which led to their gradual loss. As such, the lobules completely devoid of the spermatogenetic stages were observed in the testes of the treated fish. The occurrence of such empty lobules, however, was relatively greater in the fenitrothion-treated fish. The formation of the collagenous capsules around the necrotic germ cells was also observed in the treated fish testes. The interstitial (Leydig) cells were in the involuted condition in the treated fish testes, but active in the control fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of safe application rate (SAR) concentrations of some biocides on the gonads of the fresh water murrel, Channa punctatus (Bl.)--a biochemical study.

The effect of safe application rate (SAR) concentrations of fenitrothion 50% EC--an organo-phosphate and carbofuran 3% G--a carbamate on the gonads (ovaries/testes) of Channa punctatus was studied for 120 days (mid-April through mid-August) extending over the preparatory, prespawning, and spawning phases of annual reproductive cycle. The studies have revealed that the levels of total proteins, RNA, total lipids, and ascorbic acid decreased, while those of the cholesterol and the phospholipids increased following exposure to the two biocides. Furthermore, it was observed that in both treatments the decline in the levels of total total proteins, RNA, total lipids, and ascorbic acid was relatively more marked in the testes than in the ovaries. On the contrary, increase in the levels of cholesterol was relatively more in the ovaries, while increase in the levels of phospholipids was more in the testes in both treatments. The results suggest that the decrease/increase in the levels of the above-mentioned biochemical parameters was more in the fenitrothion treatment than in the carbofuran treatment and, therefore, may be considered relatively more toxic to this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of safe concentrations of some pesticides on ovarian recrudescence in the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus (Bl.): a quantitative study.

The effects of safe concentrations of carbofuran 3% G (5 ppm) and fenitrothion 30% E.C. (1.5 ppm) on ovarian recrudescence of Channa punctatus during the maturing, prespawning, and spawning phases (mid-April through mid-August) of the annual reproduction cycle were studied. The results reveal that, compared to carbofuran treatment, fenitrothion was more effective not only in lowering ovarian weights, but also in retarding the growth of previtellogenic (stage I) oocytes into vitellogenic (stage II) and yolky (stage III) oocytes. In addition, more previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes underwent atresia in fenitrothion-treated fish and only atretic oocytes were observed in the ovaries of these fish after 120 days of exposure. The fenitrothion treatment also caused a significant decline in the diameter of stage III oocytes, and in the number of nucleoli in stage I oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pattern of contracture and recovery following ischaemia of the upper limb.

196 cases of Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture of the upper limb with well-established ischaemia are presented. In all cases tight external circumferential splintage was the primary factor. 59.2% of these patients had been initially treated by "bone setters". 54.6% had fractures of the forearm; supracondylar fracture of the humerus was seen in 10.7% and 17.9% had no evidence of bone or joint injury. Different patterns of ischaemic contractures are recognised and the severity of the contracture is found to be related to the extent of paralysis. Sensory recovery occurs in a proximodistal direction even following total ischaemia and degeneration of the nerve. Motor recovery, however, does not seem to take place. Sensory recovery in the forearm proceeds rapidly in the first six months; thereafter it is less significant. However, the sensory recovery in the hand is significant only after more than twelve months. Since sensory recovery occurs even after total ischaemic degeneration of the nerve it is postulated that such nerves recover and regenerate in course of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Protein-bound iodine levels in the blood plasma of freshwater teleost, Channa punctatus (Bl.) exposed to subtoxic pesticide concentrations.

The effect of subtoxic concentrations (SC) of carbofuran 3% granules (G), a carbamate (5 ppm) and fenitrothion 50% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), an organophosphate (1.5 ppm) on protein-bound iodine (PBI) levels in the blood plasma of Channa punctatus were studied. Exposure to fenitrothion caused more decline in PBI levels than did carbofuran exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Management of Volkmann's ischaemic contracture of the upper limb.

One hundred and ninety six cases of Volkmann's ischaemic contracture in the upper limb were studied for their pattern of contracture and recovery (Sundararaj and Mani 1985). Mild, moderate and severe forms of contracture have been described (Tsuge 1975; Sundararaj and Mani 1985). The management of 102 of these cases has been studied and discussed here.

Arm↗
PubMed1984

Interphalangeal joint stiffness following claw hand reconstruction.

Conventional immobilisation following surgery for claw hand reconstruction necessitates altogether more than six weeks of post-operative physiotherapy. Two to four weeks of physiotherapy was required for re-education of the transferred tendons and an additional period of physiotherapy was needed to overcome the interphalangeal joint stiffness seen in all hands--even those with no pre-operative I.P. stiffness. Fifty hands with no pre-operative I.P. stiffness were immobilised post-operatively following claw hand correction by three different techniques, (Conventional technique 20 hands; Modification type 1, 10 hands and Modification type 2, 20 hands). Modification type 1 produced unsatisfactory results. Modification type 2 however, resulted in near total absence of I.P. stiffness with no additional physiotherapy required to overcome the minimal stiffness, without interfering with the results of reconstructive surgery. Type 2 immobilisation was achieved by a volar plaster slab extending from just below the elbow to the finger tips with circumferential plaster up to just beyond the metacarpophalangeal joints. Modification type 2 is recommended.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1984

Surgical reconstruction of the hand with triple nerve palsy.

Simultaneous paralysis of the ulnar, median and radial nerves is seen in about 1% of hands with nerve involvement in Hansen's disease. Forty such cases were treated between 1955 and 1976; 35 of these have been followed up. In two hands there was a high radial, median and ulnar palsy and these left no scope for reconstruction. The other 33 cases which underwent two-stage reconstructive surgery are presented here. The first stage consisted of restoring active extension of the wrist, fingers and thumb: for this purpose the ideal muscles for transfer are pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus respectively, and muscle power exceeding Grade 3 (on the MRC classification) was achieved in 89%, 96%, and 100% of these individual transfers. Arthrodesis of the wrist is not recommended when suitable muscles are available for transfer. The second stage of reconstruction attempts to restore intrinsic function of the fingers and opposition of the thumb; the sublimis is ideal for both purposes and satisfactory restoration of function was achieved in 89% and 85% of cases respectively. Ten of the 18 hands in which all five tendons were transferred had good or excellent results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparative study of EFMT and sublimis transfer operations in the claw hand.

Two hundred cases each of EFMT and sublimis transfer operations performed for correction of claw hand deformity following Hansen's disease were studied and the results compared. The cases were selected by systematic sampling. The incidences of reclawing in the index, long, and ring fingers were found to be more in the EFMT series. Also the postoperative intrinsic plus deformity was seen more often in the ring and little fingers in the EFMT series. The occurrence of a sublimis minus deformity following removal of the sublimis tendon is recognized and described. Both operative procedures produced 95% satisfactory results.

Hand Deformities, Acquired↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulins in tears of normal Indian people.

Immunoglobulin concentrations in tears from 50 healthy Indians aged from 14 to 50 years were measured by a standard immunodiffusion method. The levels of IgA were substantial; those of IgG were very low; and IgD and IgM were not present. The mean IgA level was 24-6 mg/100 ml.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Lactic acid in human aqueous humour.

We wished to assess the contribution of the lens to the maintenance of the high level of lactic acid found in human aqueous humour. The lactic acid in aqueous humour was estimated by Pryce's modification of the Barker-Summerson method in 41 subjects who were divided into four groups: those with early cataract, those with advanced nuclear cataract, those with mature cataract and those with hypermature (morgagnian type) cataract. Statistical evaluation of the results showed that there was no significant difference in the lactic acid level between the four groups. We assume that the lens does not contribute significantly to the high concentration of lactate found in human aqueous humour.

Aqueous Humor↗