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Biomedical subjects

K Makimoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Makimoto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of lidocaine injection of EOAE in patients with tinnitus.

In the present study, evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) were measured in 30 patients with tinnitus before and after intravenous lidocaine injection (1 mg/kg). For EOAE recordings, 1 kHz tone burst stimuli were used. Intravenous lidocaine injection resulted in suppression of tinnitus in 22 (73%) ears, and changes of EOAE amplitude (increase or decrease) in 18 (60%) ears. Of the 18 ears with EOAE amplitude changes, tinnitus disappeared or decreased in 17 (94%) ears. In 12 ears without changes of EOAE amplitude, tinnitus was suppressed in only 5 (42%). Changes in latency were not detected in any of the ears. These results indicate that there is a relationship between the effect of lidocaine in tinnitus suppression and changes in cochlear micromechanics caused by lidocaine.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Histological changes during progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Eight cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma were reviewed to determine whether and how the histological features of the tumour vary with the progress of the disease. The tumours were classified by their histological patterns as tubular, cribriform, trabecular or solid. The relative amount of each pattern seen in routine light microscopic sections was calculated histomorphometrically and compared in the primary tumour and recurrent and/or metastatic lesions in the same case. In the early stage, the tubular pattern predominated. Later, the highest percentage shifted to the cribriform, then to the trabecular and finally, in the late stage, to the solid pattern. There was no reverse direction of histological transformation from the solid to the tubular pattern. These results may help to explain previous reports that the tubular pattern usually represents a favourable prognosis, the solid pattern a poor prognosis and the cribriform pattern an intermediate prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of batroxobin on cochlear blood flow.

Cochlear blood flow is considered to be closely related to cochlear function. Among several etiologic factors implicated in inner ear diseases, disturbance of local blood flow is held to be one of the most important. With this in view, various pharmaceuticals are currently being used to increase local blood flow in patients with inner ear diseases. In the control of blood flow there are three major factors; systemic blood pressure (perfusion pressure), vascular tone, and blood viscosity. Batroxobin (BX) was developed to increase local blood flow by lowering blood viscosity through defibrinogenation; it is used in the treatment of thrombosis and occasionally for the treatment of sudden deafness. In the present study, we observed the effect of BX on cochlear blood flow in guinea pigs, using a laser Doppler flowmeter, and measured the blood fibrinogen concentration after BX infusion. There was an obvious increase in cochlear blood flow during the observation period of 3 h after 10 BU/kg were infused, and a slight increase when 2 BU/kg were infused. Blood fibrinogen levels decreased dramatically by 30 min after BX infusion (10 BU/kg), and the extremely low level attained was maintained throughout the 3-h observation period. Hemorrhage from the surgically opened ear was noted in 2 animals during the experiment and rectal bleeding in one.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the T-cell subset in lung tissue and BALF from patients with interstitial pneumonia].

The cellular components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) have been analyzed to obtain information on cellular kinetics in lung tissues of patients with diffuse pulmonary diseases. While various cells, alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, and granulocytes appear in BALF, an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes has been noted in a variety of interstitial pneumonia. The T-cell subset of lymphocytes in BALF and biopsied lung tissues was, therefore, examined in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), sarcoidosis (Sar), idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial pneumonia (RA+IP) to compare the ratios of CD4/CD8 in BALF and lung tissues. The T-cell subset in BALF was analyzed by flow cytometry and the T-cell subset in lung tissues was detected with fresh frozen and thin-sliced specimens using an avidine-biotin complex (ABC) kit (Vecta Co. Ltd). The mean CD4/CD8 ratio in BALF was 0.36 in HP, 3.1 in Sar, 1.07 in IIP and 2.59 in RA+IP, while the mean CD4/CD8 ratio in lung tissues was 0.52 in HP, 2.59 in Sar, 1.11 in IIP and 2.25 in RA+IP, respectively. The ratios of CD4/CD8 in BALF and lung tissues from patients with these various interstitial pneumonia showed a positive correlation indicating that the changes of cellular components in BALF would reflect the changes in the lung tissues. Furthermore, CD4/CD8 ratios of lymphocytes infiltrating the alveolar portion and granuloma in lung tissues of HP were analyzed separately, because the CD4/CD8 ratios varied considerably from part to part of the lung tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1992

[A case report of pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia syndrome induced by Candida albicans].

A sixty six-year-old female who had been treated for bronchial asthma for about 25 years was admitted to the hospital with complaints of episodes of dyspnea, eosinophilia and infiltrative shadows in the chest X-ray film. An infiltrative shadow appeared to move from the left to the right lung field and finally formed a shadow of atelectasis in the middle field of the right lung. A sputum culture showed only Candida albicans. Allergic and immunologic examination revealed high IgE serum levels with specific IgE against Candida albicans in high titer, and Aspergillus fumigatus in low titer. The precipitating antibody was shown only against Candida antigen. Additionally, the blastogenic response to Candida antigen was high in comparison with other fungal antigens including Aspergillus fumigatus. The clinical features and laboratory findings of this patient were found to satisfy Rosenberg's criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), except for the existence of Candida albicans in place of Aspergillus species as the causative antigen. The pathogenesis of PIE syndrome has been studied and various allergic mechanisms against many antigens reported. In this patient Candida albicans could be playing the crucial role in the formation of PIE syndrome, which might be best described as allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis (ABPC).

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between cochlear blood flow and perilymphatic oxygen tension.

To clarify the characteristics of the blood circulation in the cochlea, we correlated cochlear blood flow and perilymphatic oxygen tension at various blood pressures. Cochlear blood flow was measured in guinea pigs by laser Doppler flowmetry, and perilymphatic oxygen tension by polarography. Blood pressure changes were induced by angiotensin II injection, trimetaphan camsylate injection and blood withdrawal. Cochlear blood flow generally paralleled systemic blood pressure, indicating a close correlation. In contrast, perilymphatic oxygen tension was slower to increase and decrease. However, when systemic blood pressure was lowered more gradually, perilymphatic oxygen tension did not show the same lag. These findings indicate that perilymphatic oxygen tension parallels systemic blood pressure when changes induced are slower and in a physiological range.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1991

Autoregulation of cochlear blood flow. A comparison of cerebral blood flow with muscular blood flow.

The cochlear blood flow of healthy adult guinea pigs was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter and flow dynamics were analyzed on the basis of autoregulation. Angiotensin II infusion was used to raise blood pressure, while phlebotomy was done to lower blood pressure. The characteristics of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and muscular blood flow were also investigated. Cochlear blood flow was considered to have some autoregulation but was less than brain blood flow, which showed significant regulation. Muscular blood flow seemed to have no similar regulatory mechanism.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1991

Effects of a depressor on cochlear blood flow and perilymphatic oxygen tension.

To clarify the characteristics of the blood circulation in the cochlea, we investigated the relationship between cochlear blood flow and perilymphatic oxygen tension in guinea pigs with trimetaphan camsilate induced hypotension. Cochlear blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, and perilymphatic oxygen tension by a polarographic method. Cochlear blood flow generally paralleled systemic blood pressure, while perilymphatic oxygen tension showed a slower response to the decrease of systemic blood pressure. Although there were individual differences in the changes of systemic blood pressure, cochlear blood flow and perilymphatic oxygen tension, they were found to be dose dependent. Since hypotension induced by trimetaphan camsilate is fairly reproducible in the dose range of this experiment, this drug can be used as a ganglion blocking agent in experiments on cochlear blood flow and perilymphatic oxygen tension during systemic hypotension. The change of perilymphatic oxygen tension with a slower response could be considered to be a factor in the homeostasis in the inner ear fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Feasibility of pulse oxymetry to measure arterial O2 saturation in studies on cochlear blood circulation.

To understand the characteristics of oxygen transport to the inner ear, the relationship between arterial O2 saturation and cochlear microcirculation was investigated under different respiratory condition in guinea pigs. To monitor arterial O2 saturation a pulse oxymeter instead of an arterial blood gas analyzer was used. When the arterial O2 saturation was measured in the foot pad by a pulse oxymeter under different respiratory conditions, the data showed a close correlation with the results of blood gas analysis. For the measurement of cochlear microcirculation, a pulse oxymeter was found to be a feasible respiratory monitor for animal experiments. With this apparatus our study demonstrated a slower reaction in the decrease of perilymphatic oxygen tension than of cochlear blood flow during stepwise induction of hypoventilation monitored by a pulse oxymeter. Under certain conditions of hyperventilation in which arterial O2 saturation and perilymphatic oxygen tension increased gradually, cochlear blood flow was found to decrease. This decrease of cochlear blood flow could be attributed to chemical controls which are regulated, as in the cerebral blood circulation, by the content of CO2 and H+ in the vascular bed in the cochlea.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Observations of cochlear blood flow dynamics using the laser Doppler flowmeter.

The cochlear blood flow of normal adult guinea pigs was measured by a laser Doppler flowmeter. The validity of this flowmeter was ascertained by its specificity for blood flow and its sensitivity to blood flow changes. Angiotensin II was infused into the animals and asphyxia was induced. The responses of the cochlear blood flow showed a close correlation with those of the systolic blood pressure. These results suggest a passive aspect in the physiology of cochlear blood circulation. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between the responses of auricular skin blood flow and those of systolic blood pressure to a certain dose range of angiotensin II. To clarify the specific details of inner ear blood flow, further studies of the hemodynamics of the inner ear blood circulation should be continued under various experimental conditions.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1987

Cystic parathyroid adenoma with coexistent sarcoid granulomas.

A 55-year-old woman with sarcoidosis developed hyperparathyroidism that was associated with fluctuating serum calcium levels. Ultrasonography and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck demonstrated a cystic lesion in the lower posterior area of the left thyroid lobe. Histological examination after subsequent surgery revealed sarcoid granulomas within a parathyroid adenoma. The pathogenesis of this rare association is discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Immunologic parameters in patients with thyroid cancer.

We evaluated various immunologic parameters in patients with papillary and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Our studies included examinations of peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin reactions to selected antigens. Preoperative peripheral blood tests were found to be normal except for an elevated percentage of IgG X Fc+ T-cells (T gamma). Skin reactions (phytohemagglutinin, purified protein derivative) were greater preoperatively than postoperatively. In postoperative cases without tumor recurrence, absolute numbers of T-cells and lymphocytes were reduced. OK-432 is a biologic response modifier of a streptococcal preparation and was used as immunotherapy in postoperative patients. This therapy seemed to augment the absolute numbers of T-cells and lymphocytes as well as purified protein derivative skin reactions in the patients without tumor recurrences. In the patients with postoperative tumor recurrences, there was an abnormal reduction in the percentage of T-cells and in the absolute numbers of T-cells and lymphocytes. OK-432 treatment was not significantly effective in normalizing this reduction.

Adenocarcinoma↗