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Biomedical subjects

K Majima

Publications and source records attributed to K Majima.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Eosinophil cationic protein in patients with bronchial asthma].

To evaluate the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, we measured eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), one of the eosinophil granule proteins. Serum ECP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in asthmatic (n = 59) and non-asthmatic (n = 47) patients. Preliminary study showed that ECP levels were time-dependently increased in the blood samples until 3 hr. Based on the findings, we determined to measure serum ECP levels at 30 min after blood sampling. Serum ECP levels and blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic patients were significantly higher than those in non-asthmatic patients (p less than 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between serum ECP levels and blood eosinophil counts in patients with asthma (r = 0.46, p less than 0.001). No significant difference was observed in either serum ECP levels or blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic patients classified by clinical type and severity. Blood eosinophil counts in patients with asthma attacks were significantly greater than in those in remission (p less than 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in serum ECP levels between these groups, suggesting an enhanced elimination of ECP during attack. Serum alpha-2 macroglobulins, which bind to ECP and may function as scavengers for ECP, were not significantly different in these group. These results suggest that serum ECP levels may not be a direct indicator of eosinophil activation or degranulation in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Molecular cloning and physical mapping of the genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

A restriction fragment library which covered the entire genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) was constructed using plasmid vectors. By analysis of cloned and viral DNA by double digestion with endonucleases and by hybridization techniques, a complete physical map of BmNPV was constructed for BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI and SmaI. Five regions of repeated sequences containing EcoRI sites were also found and mapped.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study concerning of latamoxef concentration in the obstructed urinary tract].

Urinary LMOX concentration was studied in 18 patients with unilateral ureteral obstruction. The concentration of LMOX in the urine from the mild obstructed kidney was 124 to 2,140 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml in the severely obstructed ones. The difference was probably due to the intensity and the duration of the obstruction. The patient with 99mTc-DMSA renal uptake of less than 3% also had a urinary LMOX concentration of less than 7 micrograms/ml. The above results seem to show that 7 micrograms/ml in urinary LMOX concentration is a significant figure for treatment of UTI. 99mTc-DMSA renal uptake and renal echogram were used to estimate the excretion rate of antibiotics into the urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical effects of intravesical instillation of polymyxin B in patients with acute cystitis].

The effectiveness of intravesical instillation of Polymyxin B was studied in 17 patients suffering from acute cystitis. The 17 patients, all female, had an average age of 42 years. The average duration between the onset of symptoms and the initial visit to the hospital was 4.6 days. The causative organisms were 15 strains of E. coli and 1 each of P. rettegeri and K. pneumonia, respectively. Improvement of symptoms was observed in 76% of the cases but pyuria was cleared in only 47% of the cases. Clinical results were excellent in 8 cases (47%), good in 6 cases (35%) and poor in 3 cases (18%). The overall effectiveness rate was 82%. No appreciable amount o Polymyxin B, was detected in the serum of 4 patients examined.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Increased neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with developing adult respiratory distress syndrome].

A 16-year-old, 28-week pregnant woman was admitted to our hospital with multiple bone fractures caused by a traffic accident. She had massive blood transfusion because of anemia in her laboratory findings and ritodrine hydrochloride was administered because of the fear of threatened abortion. She developed a cough with bloody sputum on the 4th day after admission, and developed pulmonary insufficiency with PaO2 41.0 torr and presented bilateral diffuse infiltrates on chest roentgenograms on the next day. Swan-Ganz catheterization revealed normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and analysis of the lavage fluid from the patient showed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils (40.0%) and the existence of leukotriene B4 which is known to be the most potent chemokinetic and chemotactic agent for neutrophils. Her condition was considered to be permeability edema developing adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and 1 g/day of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously for 3 days, which brought about remarkable improvement of her respiratory failure. This report suggests that analysis of the lavage fluid may provide useful information for the early diagnosis of ARDS and the indications of corticosteroid treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[A study of transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate].

We studied 35 needle aspiration biopsies of the prostatic cancer to evaluate the reliability for screening, as compared with the transrectal or transperineal needle biopsy of the same patients. Eight specimens were unsatisfactory for cytological study, only 77.4% of the 35 aspirations being cytologically evaluable. False negative aspiration biopsies occupied 22.7%. Histopathological evaluation was possible for all of the needle biopsies and the false negative rate was 5.7%. To examine how accurately aspiration biopsy or needle biopsy reflects the true histologic grade of prostatic cancer, both the cytologic grade of the aspirations and histologic grade of the biopsies were compared with the grade of the prostatectomy specimens. The aspiration biopsy was undergraded in 2 (11.8%) overgraded in 2 (11.8%) and correctly graded in 14 (82.4%) out of 17 cases. The needle biopsy was undergraded in 1 (3.2%), overgraded in 2 (6.5%) and correctly graded in 28 (90.3%) out of 31 cases. There was no significant difference in grading accuracy rate between cytology of the aspiration and histology of the needle biopsy. We conclude that the cytological grade is as reliable as needle biopsy, but aspiration biopsy is not a more efficient screening test for prostatic neoplasms than needle biopsy, considering the higher percentage of speciments unsatisfactory for aspiration and false negative in this small series.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Residual effects of hypnotics: triazolam, flurazepam, and nitrazepam.

The residual effects of three hypnotics were investigated by the method of 24-h polygraphy (EEG, EMG, and EOG). The drugs were triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg, flurazepam 15 mg and 30 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and 10 mg, and placebo. The subjects were healthy volunteers, eight men and eight women with an average age of 34.3 years. The number of total polygraphic records was 77. Triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg, flurazepam 30 mg, and nitrazepam 10 mg showed definited sleep inducing and sleep maintenance effects in night recordings. Flurazepam 15 mg and 30 mg and nitrazepam 5 mg and 10 mg were followed by residual effects in morning, afternoon and evening recording periods on the day after the administrations of the hypnotics. However, no effects were seen on the day after the administration of triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg except for some slight residual effects in the morning. Thus triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg produces less residual effect than do flurazepam 15 mg and 30 mg, and nitrazepam 5 mg and 10 mg, and 24-h polygraphy is useful for measuring the residual effects of hypnotics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lens epithelial cells in postoperative aqueous humor.

The aqueous humor during or after cataract surgery often contains red blood cells (RBCs) from blood; inflammatory cells from white blood cells (WBCs); fibrin, pigment cells, and fibroblasts from either the iris or the ciliary body; lens epithelial cells (LECs); and corneal endothelial cells. Since LECs may be related to postoperative complications, including a fibrin reaction and a secondary cataract, confirmation of their presence postoperatively not only in the capsular bag, but also in the aqueous humor, is necessary for identifying these complications. Using aqueous humor obtained from pig eyes, I attempted to identify LECs immunohistochemically in the aqueous humor, following phacoemulsification (PEA) and aspiration of the cortex, and found the presence of cells that react to keratin antibody, the marker for epithelial cells. Although these cells could be lens, conjunctival, or corneal epithelial cells, they were found following PEA and aspiration of the cortex, and therefore are believed to be LECs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between morphological changes of lens epithelial cells and intraocular lens optic material.

To examine the morphological changes of lens epithelial cells (LECs) occurring directly beneath and at regions contacting various intraocular lens (IOL) optic materials, human LECs were cultured on human anterior lens capsules and were further incubated upon placing above the cells lens optics made of polymethylmethacrylate, silicone, and soft acrylic material. Observations as to the morphological changes of LECs under phase-contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope were performed on the 14th day of incubation. Gatherings of LECs were observed at regions contacting the soft acrylic material under phase-contrast microscope, and gatherings of LECs were observed accurately at the same regions mentioned above under scanning electron microscope. On the other hand, LECs in contact with two other optic materials did not show morphological changes. The results suggest that LECs attached to and proliferated on not only the anterior lens capsules but also the soft acrylic IOL optics. The model used in this study may be useful in studying the relationship between cellular movement of LECs and IOL optic material.

Acrylates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation therapy: dynamic CT evaluation of treatment.

The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamic CT findings after radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RF ablation was used for 22 tumors in 20 patients. Peripheral enhancement was noted in 89% of regions within 1 month in the arterial phase. In 1-3 months, peripheral enhancement remained at 56% and was reduced to 22% by 3-6 months. It is difficult to determine the therapeutic result within 3 months due to continued peripheral enhancement in the arterial phase.

Aged↗