Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to K Maeda.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Effects of long-term endurance training on left ventricular dimensions and function in female distance runners].

Ultrasoundcardiogram (UCG) was measured to evaluate the effects of 2 years of endurance training on left ventricular dimensions and function in 3 female collegiate runners (mean age 19.7 years). All subjects had had an experience in endurance training as athletes and underwent the endurance training at the college for two years. Training consisted mainly of about 2 hours of running, 3 to 4 days a week. Training effects were found as measured by a 5000m-run pretraining (mean 19: 40.3 min) and post-training (mean 18: 49.3 min). The average increase in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max/kg) after training was 9.4% (P < 0.05). UCG's dimensional variables such as LVDd, LVPWT and IVST in the post-training period did not reveal any increase. However, LVDs as a cardiac dimension showed a tendency to decrease, and functional variables such as SV, EF, FS showed a tendency to increase. This functional improvement appeared to be due to a decrease in LVDs. From these results, it is likely that the endurance training prior to this study might have helped an effective adaptation in their cardiac dimensions. Thus, we suggest that prior to this study cardiac dimensions had extended and enlarged to a certain extent, and then cardiac function might be improved as the subsequent physiological phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in Japanese junior high school boys and girls.

This study attempted to evaluate the influence of body composition on cardiorespiratory fitness as represented by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in junior high school boys and girls. The subjects were judged apparently healthy. Measurements of VO2max during an incremental treadmill exercise testing as well as measurements of body composition were compared between obese boys and girls, 12 to 15 years old, and age- and height-matched nonobese boys and girls. Analyses of the data revealed that statistically significant (P < 0.01) mean differences between the obese and nonobese groups were observed for body mass (BM), percentage body fat, and body fat content. Fat-free mass (FFM) of obese boys was significantly larger than nonobese boys. There were significant differences between obese and nonobese groups irrespective of sex, when VO2max was expressed as milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of BM per minute. In contrast, no significant group differences were found in VO2max expressed as ml per kg of FFM per min. No significant differences existed either for absolute VO2max between the obese girls and the nonobese girls due almost entirely to the similarity in FFM between these two groups. Significant correlations were found both in boys (r = -0.742) and girls (r = -0.843) between VO2max (ml/kg BM/min) and percentage body fat, thereby indicating the striking effects of excess body fat. These results in the present study support the general belief that obesity accentuates exercise intolerance and low aerobic capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of aerobic conditioning at intensities corresponding to lactate threshold plus reduced energy intake in college-age females.

The effects of a 15-wk aerobic conditioning (4.2 +/- 1.3 d/wk) plus energy restriction (25 kcal/kg/d diet) program on anthropometric and physiologic attributes were studied in 16 obese women between the ages of 18 and 24. The women were divided into either an experimental (E, n = 10) group or a control (C, n = 6) group. The exercise + diet (E) group demonstrated significant reductions in body weight, both absolute and relative body fat, Katsura index, and serum triglycerides, and increases in oxygen uptake relative to lactate threshold (LT), maximal oxygen uptake, and the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol. In the C group, none of the variables measured in this study remained unchanged. Thus the benefits of weight reduction without any change in fat free weight following the program were pronounced in the female university-age group that we studied. In conclusion, the highly structured aerobic conditioning at intensities corresponding to LT together with a proper dietary regimen is considered optimal with respect to favorable changes in various anthropometric and physiologic attributes. The feasibility of treating obese individuals with manifestation of medical and/or psychological problems in a school setting should be a significant matter in future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Influence of physical responses due to controlled frequency breathing during exercise].

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of respiratory responses due to controlled frequency breathing (CFB) during steady state cycle ergometric exercise (50% of Peak VO2, 60rpm) and to compare their responses between long distance (L), badminton (B), Swimming (S) and untrained (C; Control) group. Twenty-two (n = 6; L, B, C.n = 4; S) female university students were forced to take CFB for 1 min every 3 min during 20 min exercise. The breathing frequencies (BR) were 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30 frequencies in a minute. They were represented by CFB10, CFB12, CFB15, CFB20 and CFB30 respectively. In addition, CFB5, and 40 were given in a separate series. Ventiratory volume (VE) decreased significantly, (P < 0.05) when BR decreased less than about 50% of normal breathing (NB), CFB15 in (B) and (C). It showed to be less than CFB12 in (S), and CFB10 in (L). According to the decrease of VE, tidal volume and O2 pulse increased during CFB10 and 15 in all groups to maintain a constant O2 consumption for a given workload. End tidal partial pressure of O2 (PETO2) significantly decreased during less than CFB15 in (B) and (C), during CFB10 in (L). PETCO2 increased during less than CFB15 in (B), less than CFB12 in (L) and (C). However in (S) during every CFB, neither PETO2 nor PETCO2 changed significantly. Talking about the main differences shown between the four groups, (S) and (L) significantly exceeded (C) in maintaining of VE during CFB. However, in consideration of a ratio of the frequency of CFB to that of NB, (L) could maintain VE against more strictly controlled of breathing than other groups. (B) showed similar tendencies as (C) about some responses. It is considered that these differences in respiratory responses to CFB may result from difference of the duration and the level of breathing control that were forced during their daily training rather than whether their breathing frequency during each exercise is high or low.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bulky plasmacytoma of the bone with intracranial invasion.

A 56-year-old man with left anterior chest pain showed two well-defined tumors in the left anterior chest wall and left parietal region. A large osteolytic lesion in the parietal bone and several punched-out lesions in the temporal bone were revealed by a skull X-ray examination. He showed monoclonal gammopathy (IgG, kappa type) and Bence Jones proteinuria, but no proliferation of plasma cells was observed in the bone marrow. The tissue specimens from both lesions consisted of abnormal plasma cells, indicating plasmacytoma. Although a bulky intracranial plasmacytoma was present, the patient did not exhibit intracranial hypertensive symptoms, or neurological abnormalities.

Bence Jones Protein↗
PubMed1994

B cells are required as APC for antigen-specific T cell proliferation but not for the differentiation or priming of those T cells.

We studied the influences of B cells on functional differentiation of T cells using SCID mice grafted with fetal thymus of C.B-17 mice (TG mice). T cells were shown to be reconstituted in TG mice without B cell development. These mice showed normal DTH response to SRBC and OVA. LN cells of these mice produced cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma according to Con A stimulation. Thus, majority of T cell functions seem to differentiate in the absence of B cells. However, T cells of TG mice failed to proliferate in response to immunizing antigens in vitro, although they responded well to stimulation with Con A. This unresponsiveness of T cells in TG mice to these antigens was restored when antigen-primed B cells were added to the proliferation assay. Such an inability of T cells in antigen-specific proliferation was not seen in SCID mice grafted with C.B-17 fetal liver cells, in which B cells as well as T cells were efficiently reconstituted (FLT mice). T cell proliferation to immunizing antigen was also abrogated in FLT mice when B cells were depleted from lymphoid population. These results indicate that T cells can functionally differentiate and be primed in the absence of B cells, but they require B cells to proliferate in response to foreign antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A protective role of extrathymic alpha beta TcR cells in the liver in primary murine salmonellosis.

The liver comprises unique T cells differentiating extrathymically and expressing an intermediate intensity of alpha beta T-cell receptor (TcR) and a high intensity of leucocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1). To elucidate the functional roles of the intermediate alpha beta TcR cells in host defence against bacterial infection, we examined the effects of depletion of the intermediate alpha beta TcR cells by in vivo administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/LFA-1 and alpha beta TcR on the bacterial growth in the liver after infection with Salmonella chorelaesuis in mice. Pretreatment with mAb to LFA-1 (200 micrograms/mouse) together with mAb to ICAM-1 (200 micrograms/mouse), which could preferentially deplete the intermediate alpha beta TcR cells and gamma delta TcR cells in the liver, resulted in a severely reduced ability to resolve acute phase of Salmonella infection in the liver. Pretreatment with a low dose of anti-alpha beta TcR mAb (60 micrograms/mouse), which depleted only bright alpha beta TcR cells, did not affect the bacterial growth in the liver at the early stage after Salmonella infection, while the depleting of both intermediate and bright alpha beta TcR cells by pretreatment with a high dose of anti-alpha beta TcR mAb (120 micrograms/mouse) allowed the bacteria to multiply exaggeratedly in the liver at this stage. These results suggest that intermediate alpha beta TcR cells may play an important role in protection at the early stage after Salmonella infection in liver and that the interaction of ICAM-1/LFA-1 is critically involved in protective roles of extrathymic T cells bearing intermediate alpha beta TcR in liver at the early stage after Salmonella infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Nuclear DNA ploidy pattern and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in gastric cancer with mucosal involvement].

The DNA ploidy pattern and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were investigated in 72 gastric carcinoma patients to determine the possible correlation between proliferation kinetics and biological behavior. The diploid pattern was more often observed in cases with mucosal invasion (m cancer) than other cases (sm or advanced cancer). The PCNA labelling index in cases with mucosal invasion was significantly lower than in other cases. The sm cancer was more often observed in patients with high PCNA labelling index (> or = 30%) and aneuploid pattern, while m cancer was more common in patients with low PCNA labelling (< 20%) index and diploid pattern. As a result of this study, we conclude that proliferating kinetics of m cancer may differ from that for sm or advanced cancer. Furthermore, DNA ploidy pattern and PCNA labelling index may be useful as a parameter of depth of invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of fistula-cancer response to arterial chemoembolization].

Arterial chemoembolization was performed three times preoperatively for cancer associated with fistula-in-ano for diminishing the postoperative surgical tissue defect of the perineum. Partial response of the tumor to this treatment was confirmed by computed tomography. A sixty-two-year-old male patient recognized a mass in the perineum one and a half years ago. He had suffered from fistula-in-ano for thirty years. The mass increased its size and formed a tumor in the bilateral buttocks (12 x 9 cm and 9 x 9 cm in diameter). Biopsy specimen showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Angiography showed a hypervascular tumor stain. The main feeders to the tumor were the superior rectal artery and bilateral internal iliac artery. Arterial chemoembolization was performed three times through the right and left internal iliac artery with Gelfoam particle. Arterial infusion chemotherapy was added through inferior mesenteric artery and bilateral internal iliac artery with a total 120 mg of adriamycin and 1,500 mg of 5-FU simultaneously. The tumor decreased in size to 44% of the preoperative size by the treatment. A radical operation was performed following the preoperative treatment. Preoperative arterial chemoembolization for cancer associated fistula-in-ano was considered to be helpful for local control.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Basic fibroblast growth factor-binding domain of heparan sulfate in the human glomerulosclerosis and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The saccharide side chains of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans show enormous complexity. These polysaccharides can interact specifically with cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The understanding of HS expression in glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, which is still rudimentary, could provide some insight about the role of bFGF in kidney diseases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Kidney sections were exposed to exogenous bFGF and then to a monoclonal anti-bFGF antibody. Specificity of the interaction between HS and bFGF was established by monitoring concomitant loss of bFGF during selective removal of HS with heparitinase and competitive inhibition studies. To further characterize regional changes in saccharide sequences, heparitinase-generated unsaturated disaccharides, N-sulfated glucosamine-enriched but O-sulfate-scarce portions characteristics of native HS, and such portions characteristic of Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor HS were studied. RESULTS: HS was detected in interstitial fibrosis and in advanced glomerulosclerosis, whereas bFGF-binding domains were found only in the fibrosis: The distributional pattern of the N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-scarce portions of native HS was similar to that of bFGF-binding domains. Moreover, a small population of parenchymal cells in advanced tubulointerstitial fibrosis with marked cellular infiltration were especially rich in the bFGF-binding domains. CONCLUSIONS: In fibrotic lesions of the peritubular interstitium, HS shows enrichment of bFGF-binding domains. These regions may play an important role in the fibrogenesis through their interaction with endogenous bFGF.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Phenotypic expressions of type I, III, IV, V, and VI collagens in patients with diabetic nephropathy: immunohistochemical comparison between HD and non-HD patients.

Molecular organization of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney may change as impairment of renal function progresses. The present immunohistochemical study of the kidney was designed to compare localization of type I, III, IV, V, and VI collagens between "Group A" (13 patients on maintenance hemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy) and "Group B" (13 patients with diabetic nephropathy and massive proteinuria whose serum creatinine levels were 1.3 +/- 0.5 mg/dl, mean +/- SD). Nodular scleroses that were commonly observed both in Group A (87.8 +/- 10.1%) and B (80.5 +/- 17.0%) were stained in a very similar way with antibodies against collagen types IV, V, and VI. On the contrary, thickened Bowman's capsules that were observed exclusively in Group A (80.7 +/- 10.4% in Group A versus 5.7 +/- 6.2% in Group B) were stained intensely with antibodies against collagen types I and III. Normal and expanded peritubular interstitium from every group was stained with all of the above antibodies in an identical manner. Taken together, these results indicated a close relationship between severe impairment of residual renal function and a high incidence of thickened Bowman's capsule rich in type I and III collagens.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Initial events and T cell activation in lymphokine-mediated allergic responses in patients with hen egg allergy.

Specific induction of IL2-responsiveness by ovalbumin-stimulated lymphocytes was studied in patients with hen egg allergy. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of the cells showed that the IL2-absorbing and IL2-responding cells mainly consisted of CD3+2+4+8-45RA+ cells that may act as helper cells for IgE production and/or as effector cells for delayed type hypersensitivity. beta-Chains (P75) of IL2 receptors were involved in ovalbumin-induced IL2 responsiveness of the patients' lymphocytes, whereas the alpha-chains (p55) were expressed on normal lymphocytes stimulated with ovalbumin as well. Adhering mononuclear cells from patients allergic to ovalbumin but not to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were pulsed with ovalbumin antigen then added to a T cell-rich population. After five days of culture, we evaluated cell growth for IL-2 sensitivity during an additional 3-day culture in the presence of IL-2. Responder cells from the patients, which were cocultured with ovalbumin-pulsed autologous adhering cells, acquired IL2 responsiveness; whereas, those cultured with Df-pulsed adhering cells did not. This reaction was specific for antigen. The monoclonal antibody to HLA-DQ (Leu 10) and HLA-DP (HLA-DP) frameworks, but not the one to the HLA-DR framework (OKIa1), blocked the antigen presenting cells ability to induce responses. T Cell-rich responder cells depleted of CD4+ cells did not acquire IL2-responsiveness, whereas the depletion of CD8+ cells had no effect. As a whole, the results indicate that DQ-bearing and/or DP-bearing adhering cells have a key function in presenting ovalbumin-antigen to allergen-specific responder T cells that very likely belong to CD4+ subsets.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1994

Isolation, sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding the alpha-chain of the feline CD8.

We have cloned, sequenced and expressed a cDNA encoding the alpha-chain of feline CD8. This clone, named FT8-10, has an open reading frame with 720 nucleotides in length encoding a protein with 239 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis has revealed that the feline CD8 alpha-chain (CD8 alpha) shares significant homology with human (T8/Leu-2), bovine (BoCD8), rat (MRC OX8) and mouse (Lyt-2) CD8 alpha subunits. Cysteine residues as well as the tyrosine kinase p56lck binding site are well conserved. Besides, no putative N-linked glycosylation site was found. Interestingly, immunofluorescence analysis of COS-7 cells transfected with feline CD8 alpha expression plasmid driven by SR alpha promoter showed that the expressed feline CD8 alpha cross-reacted with an anti-human CD8 alpha monoclonal antibody OKT8, but did not react with an anti-feline monoclonal antibody, FT-2, which is thought to recognize the feline analogue of the human T8/Leu-2 and murine Lyt-2 molecules expressed on cytotoxic/suppressor T cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Psoriasis exacerbated by alpha-interferon therapy in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia].

A 49-year old male with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and psoriasis was admitted for interferon treatment. He was given 6 MU of human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI), a natural alpha-interferon, daily for 1 month followed by 3 MU every other day for 1.5 months and twice a week for 1 month. Because HLBI administration showed no favorable effects on the hematological findings and because of the exacerbated psoriasis of the patient, it was discontinued. Subsequently his psoriasis improved to the initial findings observed at the admission. We reported a case of CML in which psoriasis was exacerbated during interferon therapy.

Humans↗