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Biomedical subjects

K Machii

Publications and source records attributed to K Machii.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae: sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria by two-dimensional echocardiography].

The sensitivity and specificity of the two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic criteria for diagnosing ruptured mitral chordae tendineae (RCT) were assessed in 52 cases with non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve prostheses. At surgery, chordal rupture was confirmed in 38 cases (RCT group), but not in 14 cases (non-RCT group). Four presumptive and three definite findings for diagnosing mitral chordal rupture using 2D echo were evaluated. Mitral valve prolapse with incomplete coaptation of the mitral leaflets in the long-axis view was observed in 32 cases in the RCT group and in four cases in the non-RCT group (sensitivity 84%, specificity 80%). In the short-axis view at the level of the mitral orifice, delayed closure of the involved mitral leaflet was observed in four cases in the RCT group but in none of the non-RCT group (sensitivity 11%, specificity 100%), delayed protodiastolic opening of the involved leaflet in 15 cases of the RCT group and in one of the non-RCT group (sensitivity 39%, specificity 92%), and finally, increased excursion of the involved valve in 27 cases of the RCT group and in three cases of the non-RCT group (sensitivity 71%, specificity 79%). The following three echocardiographic findings were regarded as direct evidence of mitral chordal rupture: Fine echoes with abnormally rapid transverse and/or oblique motion around the mitral orifice in the short-axis view were observed in 13 cases of the RCT group (sensitivity 34%, specificity 100%); echoes with abnormal whip-like motion in the long-axis view in 10 cases (sensitivity 26%, specificity 100%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of aloe lectin on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in baby hamster kidney cells.

A homogeneous glycoprotein (mol. wt 40,000) containing 34% carbohydrate was isolated from Aloe arborescens var. natalensis. At a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml, this glycoprotein was shown to stimulate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and to have the properties of a lectin which reacts with sheep blood cells. The chemical and physical properties of the glycoprotein (aloe lectin) are also discussed.

Aloe↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous arthritis in nude rats of Rowett hooded strain.

Spontaneous arthritis was found in 19 of 55 Rowett hooded strain rats with rnu gene. Most cases were in the male rnu/rnu (15/19) but a few occurred in the male rnu/+ (3/10) and female rnu/rnu (1/8). The lesions were first noted as reddened swelling due to exudative inflammation of periarticular soft tissues including synovial membranes in the tarsal and/or carpal joints. Most of the affected animals cured leaving slight induration but in a few male rnu/rnu ankylosis with pannus formation and exostosis developed. No sign of mycoplasmal or bacterial infection was noticed in the colony.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

[Echocardiographic manifestations of nonrheumatic aortic regurgitation].

Recently, the frequency of nonrheumatic aortic regurgitation (AR) has apparently increased, accompanied by a decrease in frequency of rheumatic fever. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the echocardiographic features of nonrheumatic AR. We had 24 surgically- or autopsy-proven cases of nonrheumatic AR admitted during a two year period. These were 10 cases of infective endocarditis (IE), five with ventricular septal defect of type I, three with syphilis, and two with prosthetic valve malfunctions, and the remainder five were difficult to diagnose clinically. These five were three men and two women, whose ages ranged from 40 to 67 years and averaged 50 years, and their final diagnoses were annulo-aortic ectasia (AAE), Behcet's disease, and the aortitis syndrome (Takayasu's arteritis), and two other cases were of unknown etiology. The echocardiographic manifestations were compared with the operative, autopsy, and pathological findings. Echocardiographically, there were few or no increased intensities of aortic valvular echoes, and aortic roots had a tendency to dilate, leading to the failure of coaptation of valve leaflets, for a relative lack of valvular surface area to cross-sectional area of the aortic ring. Three of the five had flail aortic valves and three had associated MVP. Three were diagnosed as floppy aortic valves at the time of surgery. Excised valves revealed little hyperplasia or sclerosis grossly. Fibrinoid necrosis or mucoid degeneration were noted by light microscopy. Some specimens of aortic walls also revealed cystic medial necrosis or disruption of elastic fibers. All these findings were based on degenerative processes of connective tissue, and not on inflammatory processes. These pathological findings and the coexistence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), which were not regarded as coincidental, suggest that connective tissue fragility--congenital or acquired--may play an important role in the genesis of nonrheumatic AR.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of the surgical aortic ring: its clinical significance in non-rheumatic regurgitation and in predicting the sizes of prosthetic valves].

The purpose of the present study was to determine the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the surgical aortic ring diameters (ARDs) in predicting correct sizes of the prosthetic valves and in determining the mechanisms of aortic regurgitation. Forty patients with aortic regurgitation who underwent prosthetic valve surgery, and 20 normal controls were selected for the study. The 40 patients consisted of 21 with rheumatic aortic regurgitation (RHD group), and 19 with non-rheumatic non-inflammatory aortic regurgitation (non-RHD group). Aortic regurgitation due to annuloaortic ectasia with or without the stigmata of Marfan's syndrome and bicuspid aortic valves were excluded from the non-RHD group. Echocardiographic estimates of the ARDs proved to be useful for predicting prosthetic valve sizes considering the good correlation between the echocardiographic and direct measurements (r = 0.814), despite a slight tendency to echocardiographic underestimation. The ARDs was 24.7 +/- 3 mm in the RHD group, 28.8 +/- 2.9 mm in the non-RHD group and 21.8 +/- 1.7 mm in the normal controls. The ARDs in the RHD group was significantly larger than that of the normal controls (p less than 0.001), and the ARDs of the non-RHD group was significantly larger than that of the RHD group (p less than 0.001). There were loose correlations between the ARDs and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and between the ARDs and left ventricular end-systolic dimension in the RHD group (r = 0.549 and r = 0.455, respectively), but there were no correlations between these two parameters in the non-RHD group. In four patients with aortic regurgitation in the non-RHD group, mitral regurgitation coexisted. Both the ARDs and the mitral ring dimension were markedly increased in these patients. It is concluded that in the non-RHD group, marked dilatation of the ARDs appears to be one of the cause of aortic regurgitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Pulmonary regurgitation with special reference to the shape of the pulmonary valve ring: a pulsed Doppler and angiographic study].

Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and cineangiography, the significance of pulmonic valve ring dimensions in the genesis of pulmonic regurgitation (PR) was studied in 40 patients, including 12 with valvular disease, 19 with coronary artery disease and nine with the normal heart. In nine of the 40 subjects, pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than or equal to 20 mmHg) was observed. The criterion for diagnosing PR was disturbed flow patterns recorded just below the pulmonic valve which spanned more than 40% of diastole, exceeding 1.5 KHz in peak frequency (corresponding to a flow velocity of about 50 cm/sec). Sagittal and transverse diameters of the pulmonic valve ring (PRDs, PRDt) at the upper edge of the pulmonary sinus, and the sagittal diameter of the pulmonary sinus (PSD) at the level of its maximal bulging were measured using pulmonary angiography. PR was detected in 15 subjects (37.5%). The prevalence of PR among three groups regardless of the absence or presence of pulmonary hypertension was not significantly different. The peak frequency of the regurgitant flow signals as well as the farthest point of the signals detected did not differ among the three groups irrespective of pulmonary hypertension. The ratio of the PRDs to the PRDt (PRDs/PRDt) was greater in patients with PR than in those without PR (p less than 0.001), but no correlation was established between PRDs/PRDt and mean pulmonary artery pressure. The PRDt index and PRDs index (normalized by body surface area) correlated well with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.62, p less than 0.001, respectively). PSD also correlated with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.49, p less than 0.01), whereas, PSD/PRDs correlated inversely with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.40, p less than 0.01), indicating a relatively more prominent dilatation of the PRDs than of the PSD in cases with pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that the etiology of PR in our series of patients was primarily attributable to the distortion of the pulmonic valve ring. The wide-spread concept that pulmonary hypertension dilates the pulmonic valve ring, leading to the development of PR, should be criticized.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Effect of increased systemic venous pressure on thoracic duct and peripheral lymph flow in dogs.

In congestive heart failure, lymph flow from the cannulated thoracic duct is greatly increased. However, there has been scant data on lymph flow in the intact lymphatic system with systemic circulatory congestion. In the present study, thoracic duct and peripheral lymph flow were qualitatively determined using heated cross-thermocouples in seven mongrel dogs. Central venous pressure was raised artificially by infusing large volumes of crystalloid solution equivalent to a maximum of 30% of body weight. Although both thoracic duct and peripheral lymph flow increased with an intact (closed) lymphatic system, the increase was notably less than with a transected (opened) cervical thoracic duct. With systemic circulatory congestion, cannulated thoracic duct lymph flow circumvents a major lymph impediment to lymph flow (i.e. high central venous pressure) and therefore considerably overestimates in vivo central lymph flow in this condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunological responses to monoassociated Bifidobacterium longum and their relation to prevention of bacterial invasion.

After monoassociation of Bifidobacterium longum with germ-free BALB/c mice (nu/+, heterozygous to nu gene), B. longum was recovered (10(2)-10(4) viable units per organ) from the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and kidneys for 2 weeks post intragastric inoculation, but not after 4 weeks and later. Cessation of bacterial translocation was not observed in monoassociated nude (nu/nu) mice. Anti-B. longum IgA antibody was detected by ELISA using B. longum cell wall antigen in bile from Week 1 and in ileac wall extract from Week 8 post-association in both nu/+ and nu/nu mice. Total IgA levels in bile, ileac wall extract and caecal contents were also elevated in both mice after monoassociation. Cell-mediated immunity measured by the footpad test and macrophage migration inhibition test using B. longum protein fraction was detected in nu/+ mice in Week 4 and later, but not in nu/nu mice. Nu/nu mice reconstituted 4 weeks prior to monoassociation with lymphocytes from flora bearing nu/+ mice developed delayed footpad reactivity and bacterial translocation stopped after 4 weeks. Cell-mediated immunity rather than IgA antibody correlated well with the cessation of translocation.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1984

[Hemodynamic determinants of late systolic reversed flow in the main pulmonary artery in pulmonary hypertension: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study].

Pulsed Doppler echocardiograms of the main pulmonary artery were evaluated in 46 cases including 23 cases with valvular heart disease, 13 with an intracardiac shunt, two with severe right ventricular failure and low cardiac output state, and eight healthy normals. In each Doppler echocardiogram the sample volume was placed at well defined nine locations within the main pulmonary artery. Among 23 cases with valvular heart disease, 10 cases with pulmonary hypertension showed a late systolic reversed flow ("rebound" pattern : type B) in all nine sample volumes examined. This pattern was neither detected in any cases with normal pulmonary arterial pressure, cases with an intracardiac shunt, cases with low cardiac output state, nor healthy normals. A comparative study of 10 cases with "rebound" pattern (type B) and 13 cases without it disclosed that the former had a significantly increased pulmonary arterial pressure (30.9 + 15.1 mmHg vs 17.8 +/- 9.0 mmHg, p less than 0.001), an increased total pulmonary resistance (789 +/- 496 dynes X cm X sec-5 vs 285 +/- 170 dynes X cm X sec-5, p less than 0.001) and a decreased pulmonary arterial compliance expressed as stroke volume divided by pulmonary arterial pulse pressure (1.75 +/- 0.94 ml/mmHg vs 3.80 +/- 1.65 ml/mmHg, p less than 0.01). Mean acceleration of the pulmonary ejection expressed as peak flow velocity divided by acceleration period was also significantly larger in cases with "rebound" pattern (type B) than in cases with "normal" pattern (938 + 255 cm X sec2 vs 675 +/- 160 cm X sec2, p less than 0.01). In conclusion, "rebound" pattern (type B) in pulmonary hypertension is not simple swirl formation, but a totally reversed late systolic flow in the main pulmonary artery, which is caused by sudden interruption of the distal run-off due to markedly elevated total pulmonary resistance under normal right ventricular ejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart involving the left ventricle and left atrium].

A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the left atrium and left ventricle demonstrated by echocardiography was reported. A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of recently developed exertional dyspnea. A holosystolic murmur and a protodiastolic sound were audible at the apex. A chest X-ray showed pulmonary congestion without cardiomegaly. The two-dimensional echocardiogram showed a dense stratified mass of echoes occupying the medial half of the left ventricular cavity, and a part of the abnormal mass of echoes was observed to move toward the left ventricular outflow tract during systole. Another small mass attached to the anterior mitral leaflet was also observed to prolapse partly into the left atrium during systole. The interatrial septum showed a thick and hard band of echo in the short-axis view. Right cardiac catheterization revealed pulmonary hypertension and the levogram of the pulmonary angiography showed left atrial and left ventricular filing defects. The repeated echocardiographic study showed the growth of the abnormal mass. The patient underwent operation, but he died of congestive heart failure thereafter. The necropsy diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart, involving the left atrium and left ventricle.

Adult↗