[The effect of premature rupture of the fetal membranes on maternal and infant morbidity (analysis of 219 very premature infants with a birth weight of 1,000-1,499 g)].
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Cause of Death↗
Biomedical subjects
K Müller
Publications and source records attributed to K Müller.
[Phosphoethanolamine--a substrate of alkaline phosphatase isolated from rat calvaria].
Alkaline phosphatase from calvaria of 8 to 12-day-old Wistar rats was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple procedure (homogenisation, solubilisation by Triton X-100, DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography). For the holoenzyme, a Mr of about 160 kDa was determined, and it seems to consist of two identical subunits. The pH optima for the hydrolysis of phosphoethanolamine and p-nitrophenylphosphate are 10.0 and pH 9.0-10.5, respectively. The rate constants for the hydrolysis of phosphoethanolamine, p-nitrophenylphosphate and other phosphomonoesters at pH 10.0 are comparable, but the Km values differ by one to two orders of magnitude. At physiological pH (7.5) the maximum hydrolysis rate of the substrates phosphoethanolamine and p-nitrophenylphosphate was only 8% and 5%, respectively, of that determined at the pH optimum. On the basis of the kinetic data an in vivo function of alkaline phosphatase in bones as a monophosphate ester hydrolyzing enzyme seems unlikely.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
[Optoelectronic volumetric method for facial soft tissue edemas].
The methods used up to now for the quantification of facial edemas fail to provide accurate volumetric measurements. The optoelectronic method presented allows, for the first time, a reproducible monitoring of preventive measures (e.g. treatment studies) based on the total volumes in facial swelling conditions.
Edema↗
[Fractionated opiate withdrawal with tiapride and naloxone, a new treatment approach].
To date, no satisfying solution has been found to the problem of how to avoid the distressing withdrawal symptoms accompanying opiate detoxification. By administering staggered doses of naloxone to the patient while under tiapride (Delpral-R), the various discomforts were satisfactorily reduced and the detoxification syndrome could be limited to 50 hours. This study covers 15 patients who had an average addiction history of more than 7 1/e years, and who underwent inpatient rapid opiate withdrawal treatment lasting an average of five days.
Adult↗
[Age and the number of teeth--an aid in the identification of unknown cadavers].
In the majority of cases, the correlation of a persons's age and number of teeth - with due consideration of the clinical picture - will lead to correct identification.
Adult↗
Hydroxyl radical formation by dithranol.
Ethene formation from 2-keto-thiomethyl-butyric acid (KMBA) was used to measure hydroxyl radical generation from the antipsoriatic drug dithranol in phosphate buffer pH 7.8. Because the singlet oxygen (1O2) sensitizer, rose bengale, showed enlarged production of ethene when irradiated in the presence of KMBA, experiments were performed in the dark in order to avoid 1O2 production by dithranol. KMBA was converted to ethene by dithranol under aerobic conditions, whereas ethene formation was negligible in the absence of oxygen. Addition of catalytic amounts of FeCl3 resulted in increased ethene formation, indicating the catalysis of a superoxide-driven Fenton-reaction. O2- - and .OH-scavengers such as rutin, catechin, dimethyl sulfoxide, mannitol, ethanol, sodium salicylate and propyl gallate as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase inhibited ethene formation.
Anthralin↗
Histone genes of Volvox carteri: DNA sequence and organization of two H3-H4 gene loci.
Two Volvox genomic clones each containing a pair of histone H3-H4 genes were sequenced. In both loci the H3 and H4 genes show outwardly divergent polarity, their coding regions being separated by short intercistronic sequences containing TATA boxes and a conserved 14-bp element. The 3' untranslated regions contain a characteristic motif with hyphenated dyad symmetry otherwise only found associated with animal histone genes. Derived amino acid sequences of histones H3 and H4 are highly conserved and identical between the two sets. The Volvox H3 genes both contain one intron whose relative position is shifted by one basepair. Sequence comparisons led to a new interpretation of intron sliding. The Volvox H3 gene structure combines the exon-intron organization of fungal H3 and vertebrate H3.3 genes with a termination signal typical for animal H3.1 genes. These features are discussed in view of histone gene evolution.
Alleles↗
Active oxygen species and structure specificity of antipsoriatic anthrones.
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Anthralin↗
[Active oxygen species. Significance for disease and health].
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Disease↗
Low toxicity cancer chemotherapy by suicide inactivation of DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme: first results with new thiazolidinyl- and perhydrothiazinyl-ethyl-N-mustard-phosphamide esters.
Thiazolidinyl- and perhydrothiazinyl-ethyl-N-mustard-phosphamide esters were designed to act as highly specific suicide inactivators of DNA polymerase alpha holoenzymes. Acute and subacute toxicity of these drugs in mice was very small. By daily i.p. injection, on day 0-4 mice were cured of P 388 lymphatic leukaemia with no depression of blood leucocytes. The findings suggest that suicide inactivators of DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme may be promising drugs for low toxicity cancer chemotherapy.
Animals↗
Effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on virus replication and maturation.
At intermediate concentrations of DMSO the yields of infectious virus and biologically active hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of an influenza A virus (fowl plague virus) and of reassortants therefrom are enhanced severalfold, even though viral protein synthesis is not significantly affected. A corresponding enhancing effect was also found with New castle disease and Semliki Forest viruses. At elevated concentrations of DMSO virus yield decreases, and under these conditions the synthesis of the late influenza virus proteins is specifically inhibited. The results indicate that DMSO can facilitate the assembly of virus particles, and viral components, which are normally produced in surplus amounts, now contribute to the maturation of infectious particles.
Animals↗
Interference between influenza A viruses with a cleavable and a noncleavable hemagglutinin; pH-stability after mixed infection.
The infectivity of influenza A viruses like fowl plague virus (FPV) with a cleaved hemagglutinin (HA) is highly sensitive to treatment at pH 5, while strains like PR 8 or virus N with a noncleaved HA survive under this condition. After double infection of chick embryo cells with FPV and PR 8 or virus N, the yield of virus with the HA gene of FPV is greatly reduced. However, it can now survive treatment at pH 5, and the surviving FPV particles form plaques only in the presence of trypsin, indicating that they were coated by the HA of PR 8 or virus N, depending on the coinfecting virus. The results are discussed with respect to the build-up and maintenance of a large reservoir of nonpathogenic influenza A viruses with noncleavable HA in water fowl.
Animals↗
Interleukin-1 enhances pain reflexes. Mediation through increased prostaglandin E2 levels.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to induce inflammatory reactions in part through increased prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins of the E- and I-type sensitize nociceptors in peripheral tissues. We have therefore investigated the effect of IL-1 perfusion in the isolated rabbit ear, a model which allows the assessment of peripheral pain. Natural IL-1 from human monocytes, IL-1 from glioblastoma cells as well as recombinant IL-1 alpha or beta, increased the pain reflex induced by acetylcholine in a concentration dependent manner. The PGE2 levels were measured in the perfusate and were found to be enhanced more than 10-fold after the infusion of IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. This effect was paralleled by the enhanced pain reflexes and persisted for at least one hour after cessation of the IL-1 perfusion. Both the increased pain reflexes as well as the enhanced PGE2 levels were abolished by addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac-Na (Voltaren) to the perfusion fluid. These results show that besides the numerous known physiological functions of IL-1, it may also play a role in peripheral pain sensations.
Animals↗
Causal relationship between the transitions in the core and the surface in porcine low-density lipoproteins.
Two independent parameters, two characteristic temperatures, one indicating the change in the molecular organization of the core, Tc, and the other in the surface layer, Ts, were measured for a number of natural and triglyceride-enriched porcine low-density lipoprotein (LDL1 (buoyant density 1.020--1.063 g/ml) and LDL2 (buoyant density 1.063--1.080 g/ml) samples. Tc was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), whereas Ts was measured by Mn(II) binding to the lipoprotein surface followed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. A significant causal relationship between Tc and Ts in both LDL subfractions demonstrates the surface-core interaction in LDL. The significance of that interaction is emphasized as a possible link in the chain diet----lipoprotein changes----atherosclerosis.
Animals↗
Multiplication of influenza A viruses with cleavable and non-cleavable haemagglutinin in chicken embryo membranes or organs, and cell cultures derived therefrom.
Pathogenic properties of influenza A viruses introduced into embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic cavity, the amniotic cavity or the yolk sac were studied using viruses with cleavable or non-cleavable haemagglutinin (HA), or reassortants derived from the highly pathogenic fowl plague virus (FPV) which has a cleavable HA. The various organs, membranes and fluids were analysed for virus yields, and by immunohistochemistry for production of viral nucleoprotein. Virus replication in primary tissue cultures derived from various embryonic organs was also studied. Some of the reassortants, which were previously found to be non-pathogenic for chickens and were temperature-sensitive (ts) at 40 degrees C, multiplied at 37 degrees C to the same extent as the highly pathogenic FPV. The spread of other non-pathogenic reassortants in the embryo was restricted. For example, 81/Ho was able to multiply to a reasonable extent only in the chorioallantoic and the allantoamniotic membranes. After inoculation of the A/PR/8/34 strain containing a non-cleavable HA into the amniotic cavity, virus multipled only in the inner epithelial layer of the amnion, in superficial epidermal cells and in superficial epithelia of the oropharyngeal cavities, the nasal and paranasal sinuses and the oesophagus. Kidneys were free of virus antigen, although the virus multiplied to high titres in primary tissue cultures derived from embryonic kidneys. Thus influenza A viruses can be non-pathogenic for chickens because they are ts and unable to multiply at the body temperature of chickens (41 degrees C), or because their spread in the animal is impaired per se.
Allantois↗
Circulating IgM rheumatoid factors in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
The importance of circulating rheumatoid factors (RF) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (primary SS) was evaluated retrospectively by examining medical case records of 80 consecutive patients. Increased levels of IgM RF, determined by the Waaler test, the latex fixation test and/or the ELISA test, were found in 47 patients (59%). Follow-up examination of the 41 patients in whom more than one (mean 4.9 (2-12)) RF determination over at least a two-year period (mean 5.6 (2-13) was present, showed that 12/41 patients (29%) were permanently RF-negative, 7/41 (17%) exhibited both positive and negative RF values and 22/41 (54%) were permanently RF positive. Variations in IgM RF levels were unrelated to disease duration. Except for involvement of joints, extraglandular manifestations were more common in patients with increased levels of RF. This finding, however, was only significant within the group of more rarely occurring extraglandular manifestations (serositis, interstitial nephritis, cutaneous vasculitis, lymphoproliferative disorders and intermittent fever) (p less than 0.01). IgM RF levels were likewise positively correlated (p less than 0.001) to positivity of IgG antinuclear antibodies as well as to the plasma concentrations of immunoglobulins.
Adult↗
Absence of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
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Adult↗
[Prevalence of HIV antibodies in intravenous drug-dependent patients 1986 and 1987 in Vienna].
As one of the most important risk groups for HIV infection 82 intravenous drug addicts were tested in December 85/January 86 and 159 in December 86/January 87 for HIV antibody when entering a detoxification programme of our drug addition outpatient clinic. All these drug addicts had used intravenous drugs, mostly opiates. Serum antibodies to HIV were found in 7 (8.5%) of the first sample and in 23 (14.4%) of the second sample. Among seronegative drug addicts a significantly higher use of sterile needles was found than among HIV seropositive drug addicts. Among the seropositive drug abusers a history of intravenous drug abuse outside Austria was found more often than in seronegative drug addicts. The incidence of HIV antibodies in i.v. drug addicts in Vienna appears low in comparison with figures in the Austrian Tyrol (44%), Scotland (33%), Italy (53%) and Switzerland (53%), but similar to England (10%). The low frequency in Vienna could be explained by a significantly higher use of sterile equipment. Furthermore, at the first test period a change in abuse behaviour was found; an increasing number of patients was taking oral opiates exclusively, or reduced intravenous drug intake.
Adolescent↗