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Biomedical subjects

K M Williams

Publications and source records attributed to K M Williams.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Distal tuboplasty: is it appropriate?

We retrospectively analyzed the results of distal tuboplasty (fimbrioplasty, salpingostomy, and salpingoneostomy) in 64 patients who had 70 operations from 1974 to 1984. The postoperative pregnancy rate was 19%, and the ectopic pregnancy rate 21%. It is difficult to compare results obtained in this study with those reported in previous studies. The average term pregnancy rate for those studies was 21%, with an ectopic pregnancy rate of 5.7%. The appropriateness of distal tuboplasty has been questioned because of the low rate of success of the procedure and the increasing rate of success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Because of the current economic burden and technical difficulties associated with IVF, distal tuboplasty appears to remain an appropriate operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of concurrent aspirin upon plasma concentrations of tenoxicam.

1. The effect of chronic, high-dose aspirin therapy upon the disposition of a single dose and multiple doses of tenoxicam was examined in normal volunteers. 2. Aspirin caused a 24% drop in the t1/2 (P less than 0.005), a 49% rise in the volume of distribution (P less than 0.0003) and a 98% increase in the clearance (P less than 0.0001) of tenoxicam after a single dose of the tenoxicam. 3. Steady-state concentrations of tenoxicam decreased significantly from 10.4 +/- 1.5 to 4.5 +/- 1.6 micrograms ml-1 in the presence of chronic, high-dose aspirin treatment. 4. Tenoxicam percentage free measured in plasma from a normal volunteer was 0.56 +/- 0.05% over the tenoxicam concentration range 1-20 micrograms ml-1 and rose to 1.24 +/- 0.07% in the presence of aspirin 150 micrograms ml-1. 5. The effect of aspirin upon the disposition of tenoxicam was consistent with a competitive protein binding interaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Low incidence of acquired cytomegalovirus infection in neonates transfused with washed red blood cells.

To define the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants given transfusions of washed blood cells from random donors, 100 infants who were identified as being CMV seronegative at birth were resampled at hospital discharge and again six weeks after hospitalization. All infants received washed red blood cell products; 37 infants received nonleukodepleted platelets and/or plasma. There were 7.4 donor exposures per infant. Donor units were assayed for anti-CMV IgG and IgM at the time of donation. Seventy-six infants received at least one transfusion from a seropositive donor (mean transfusion volume, 89 mL; mean, 3.7 seropositive donor exposures). Infection was defined by seroconversion to anti-CMV. None of the recipients of exclusively seronegative blood seroconverted. A single infant who received 34 mL of washed cells from a seropositive donor (IgG+, IgM-) and 31 mL of washed cells from a seronegative donor showed IgM anti-CMV 15 days after transfusion and IgG anti-CMV at a six-week follow-up visit. No recipients of IgM+ blood were infected. Our data demonstrate a 1.3% incidence of anti-CMV seroconversion following receipt of washed red cells from seropositive donors. This rate is within background levels for hospitalized neonates and is significantly lower than results of similar studies using unwashed blood.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1987

Electrophoresis of honey: characterization of trace proteins from a complex biological matrix by silver staining.

The proteins of unconcentrated honey have been detected with the methylamine-incorporating silver stain (T. Marshall, 1984, Anal. Biochem. 136, 340-346) following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. The former consistently reveals at least 19 protein bands in a variety of Australian honeys. Two-dimensional electrophoresis gave patterns of poor resolution but proved useful for further characterization of the major protein constituents. The protein patterns were unaffected by centrifugation of the samples prior to preparation for electrophoresis.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1987

A simplified method for the electrophoretic analysis of hair proteins.

Hair proteins have been analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a simplified method without S-carboxymethylation, protein fractionation and lyophilization. The molecular weights of the proteins have been determined and human, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, gerbil, cow and sheep hair compared. These molecular weight values are consistent with those obtained using physical methods as compared to anomalously high values previously reported following electrophoresis of S-carboxymethylated hair proteins. Additional high molecular weight proteins, possibly of a dimeric nature, have also been detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Simplified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of unconcentrated urine with enhanced resolution and detection sensitivity.

We applied a simple sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method to urine. The method, developed for serum protein analysis (Clin Chem 1984;30:475-9), has a high sample throughput and gives excellent resolution with unconcentrated urine. It clearly distinguishes and characterizes proteinuric urine (7.5 microL) by Coomassie Blue staining and gives complex silver-stained patterns with nonproteinuric urine (2 microL). The former is recommended for routine clinical screening, the latter for research purposes.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of Coomassie Brilliant Blue protein dye-binding assays for determination of urinary protein concentration.

We investigated the influence of assay protocol upon results of Coomassie Brilliant Blue protein dye-binding assays for urinary protein. Sensitivity and working range for, and linearity of response (including dilution dependence) of, three standard assays and four micro assays to bovine albumin, gamma-globulin, and urine are compared. The Read and Northcote standard assay (Anal Biochem 1981; 116:53-64) appears to be the method of choice.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Identification and recovery of Leishmania antigen displayed on the surface membrane of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro.

A murine monoclonal antibody (83L-2D3/a) to a dominant surface antigen of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis (WRAIR-470) recognized a determinant expressed on the surface membrane of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro. This determinant, also demonstrable on the surface membrane of intracellular amastigotes, was not displayed by the macrophage until at least 6 hr post-infection. This delay in expression and the obvious negativity of all uninfected macrophages inherent to infected cultures implied that the leishmania determinant had an intracellular origin. Furthermore, expression was dependent upon maintenance of macrophage function. When the parasite burden became overwhelming, additional antigen processing ceased, and that which had accumulated was either shed into the medium or was internalized. Immunochemical analyses revealed that the 83L-2D3/a reactive epitope was part of a 15,000 dalton molecule, which in all likelihood represents a breakdown product of a major surface glycoconjugate that had been degraded in the phagolysosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Phenol addition to the Bradford dye binding assay improves sensitivity and gives a characteristic response with different proteins.

Phenol has been added to the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye reagent used in the standard Bradford protein assay and its effect upon the reagent blank and assay response of fourteen proteins investigated. Phenol can enhance or impair colour yield depending upon its concentration and the amount and type of protein assayed. Four characteristic protein responses to increasing assay concentrations of phenol have been observed. These indicate a complex influence of phenol upon the protein assay. Dye reagent containing 0.5% phenol gave optimal colour yield with most of the proteins investigated and an improved assay response of ovalbumin, ribonuclease, lysozyme, insulin, pepsin and chymotrypsinogen-A relative to bovine albumin.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1986

Characterization and quantitation of membrane antigens of New World Leishmania species by using monoclonal antibodies in Western blot and flow microfluorometric assays.

Membrane-specific monoclonal antibodies generated against promastigotes of New World Leishmania species were used in Western blot, ELISA, and flow microfluorometric assays to characterize their antigen specificity and to determine the external surface distribution of the reactive epitopes. Three major membrane antigens of molecular weight 72 KD, 55 KD, and 42 KD were identified as well as a dominant antigen that migrated as a broad band on SDS-PAGE, corresponding to a molecular weight of 10-15 KD. By dot-ELISA this antigen was also found to be excreted by promastigotes into their culture medium. One minor membrane antigen of 25 KD and a triplet component of 66, 58, and 56 KD were also identified. While assays performed on air-dried promastigotes revealed the almost ubiquitous presence of the 72 KD and 55 KD antigens, indirect immunofluorescent staining of live promastigotes followed by flow cytometric analysis revealed that these antigens had no external exposure. Antibodies binding the 55 KD component were also reactive toward purified mammalian tubulin. The remaining antigens had a variable distribution on the eight isolates utilized, and these quantitative differences could be used to distinguish isolates of the Leishmania mexicana complex from those belonging to the Leishmania braziliensis complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Flow cytometric analysis of the effects exerted by monoclonal antibodies on binding and uptake of Leishmania mexicana subsp. mexicana promastigotes by murine peritoneal macrophages.

A flow cytometric assay was developed to quantitate the binding kinetics of Leishmania mexicana subsp. mexicana promastigotes to murine peritoneal macrophages and to determine if selected membrane-specific monoclonal antibodies would exert an effect on the binding process. A total of three monoclonal antibodies, all reactive with a similar 42-kilodalton surface membrane component by Western blot analysis, enhanced parasite-macrophage binding at levels greater than 45%. An additional three monoclonal antibodies that identified low-molecular-weight antigens of the promastigote (15 to 20 kilodaltons) had no effect on the binding process. Of these antibodies, however, one did appear to inhibit the internalization of the parasites after it attached to the macrophage membrane.

Animals↗