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Biomedical subjects

K M Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to K M Olsen.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen after burn injury.

Ibuprofen is an effective antipyretic in the postburn period and produces associated decrements in the hypermetabolic response. Burn injury is capable of altering the kinetics of many drugs, making the predictable use of agents such as ibuprofen difficult. Ten patients with serious burns were studied after the administration of 10 mg/kg ibuprofen suspension. The half-life varied from 1.4 to 5.1 hours, depending on the site of administration and/or the presence of solid food. The reported half-life for ibuprofen suspension is 1.8 to 2 hours. Burn size did not alter ibuprofen half-life or area under the time-concentration curve. Maximum ibuprofen concentration varied greatly, depending on route of administration. Time to maximal temperature reduction was between 2 and 3 hours after drug administration. Although the precise level of ibuprofen needed for cyclooxygenase inhibition is unknown, enteral administration results in levels below the targeted 10 to 20 mcg/ml for much of the traditional 6-hour dosing interval. Future studies with ibuprofen in the burn population must standardize more than just total dose.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

E5 monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody for the treatment of gram-negative sepsis.

Despite the advent of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics and early antimicrobial intervention, overall morbidity and mortality associated with gram-negative sepsis and bacteremia remain high. Complications of sepsis have been related to the release of endotoxin from the cell walls of gram-negative bacilli. Although antibiotics can effectively kill gram-negative bacteria, they have no effect on lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and may, in fact, enhance its release when cell lysis occurs. Lipid A, the lipid portion of LPS, is composed of glucosamines, polar phosphate groups, and fatty acids. It represents the endotoxic component of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for host responses to LPS, including fever, hypotension, and shock. E5 is a murine monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody directed against the lipid A portion of the cell-wall endotoxin that is common to clinically important gram-negative bacilli. A clinical evaluation program of E5 included patients who were moderately to severely ill with clinical evidence of an infection usually caused by gram-negative bacteria. In pharmacokinetic and safety studies, laboratory tests revealed no evidence of antibody-mediated toxicity and serum antibody concentrations in the desired therapeutic range (greater than 5 microgramS/mL) were found as late as 72 hours after initial infusion of E5. In a Phase II study, mortality rates at seven days in patients with documented gram-negative infection were 22 percent in the placebo group compared with 7 percent in the E5-treated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-volume whole bowel irrigation and salicylate absorption: a comparison with ipecac-charcoal.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate two methods of gastrointestinal decontamination, low-volume whole bowel irrigation (WBI) and activated charcoal, for their ability to prevent absorption of salicylate. DESIGN: Randomized, two-phase crossover study. SETTING: A clinical research unit in a university-based teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Six healthy, volunteer men. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were assigned to receive 3000 ml WBI or syrup of ipecac 30 ml followed by activated charcoal 50 g in sorbitol, and were crossed over to the other treatment phase after 1 week. All treatments began 30 minutes after ingestion of 3.25 g aspirin. Urine was collected over 24 hours for analysis of total urinary excretion of salicylate. Serial blood samples were collected for salicylate determination and were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean +/- SD recovery of salicylate were WBI 48.6 +/- 5.4% and ipecac-charcoal 37.0 +/- 2.6% from urine (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Ipecac-charcoal produced a significantly lower salicylate absorption (peak concentration, AUC) than WBI (p < 0.01) and thus was superior to low-volume WBI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of delta osmolality to predict serum isopropanol and acetone concentrations.

We investigated whether serum delta osmolality will predict the total serum concentration of isopropanol and acetone metabolite. Three isopropanol ingestions were monitored by delta osmolality determinations followed by quantification of serum isopropanol and acetone concentrations. The delta osmolality was established by routine chemical analysis and standard freezing point depression osmometry. Serum isopropanol and acetone levels were quantified by gas chromatography-head space analysis (GC-HS). Patients were initially suspected of having isopropanol intoxication secondary to an elevated delta osmolality discrepancy (measured - calculated > 10 mOsm). Serum concentrations versus delta osmolality were analyzed by linear regression (correlation coefficient r = 0.713; p < 0.05). The delta osmolality paralleled and decreased relative to the total low molecular weight of volatile concentration in each case. In emergencies, delta osmolality may be a screening test to identify rapidly patients at risk for complications associated with isopropanol ingestion when GC-HS is not available.

1-Propanol↗