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Biomedical subjects

K Lund

Publications and source records attributed to K Lund.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Asbestos-related findings in chest radiographs of the male population of the county of Telemark, Norway--a cross-sectional study.

In order to investigate the prevalence of asbestos-related diseases, a cross-sectional population study was conducted among 28,216 men aged 40 years in nine municipalities of the county of Telemark, Norway. In a primary radiographic screening 10 X 10-cm chest radiographs were taken of 21,483 persons. In two independent readings of the radiographs, pleural changes were observed in 6.9 and 8.5% of the study subjects. Radiographic findings in the primary screening led to 1,431 subjects being selected for a reexamination. On the basis of occupational histories and 40 X 40-cm chest radiographs, it was concluded that 470 of these subjects (2.2% of the screened population) had radiographic changes consistent with an asbestos-related disorder. Among these, 86 had lung fibrosis (82 in combination with pleural plaques) and 384 had pleural plaques only. There were marked differences in the occurrence of asbestos-related disorders between the seven urban and two rural communities studied, and agreement was observed between the occurrence of such disorders and the degree and duration of the reported asbestos exposure. The study presents evidence that asbestos-related disorders may be more prevalent in the general male population than has been recognized earlier.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The reactions of the phosphorylated pathway of L-serine biosynthesis: thermodynamic relationships in rabbit liver in vivo.

The thermodynamic relationships among the reactions of the phosphorylated pathway of L-serine biosynthesis have been determined in rabbit liver in vivo in different dietary states. The mass action ratios of the reactions involved were calculated from the concentrations of appropriate metabolites in freeze-clamped liver and compared with the equilibrium constants of the same reactions previously determined under physiological conditions. Toward this goal, a new, highly specific enzymatic assay for L-phosphoserine was developed to allow the accurate measurement of this intermediate in biological material. The level of L-phosphoserine, the immediate precursor of L-serine, varied significantly with diet, being 0.81, 0.38, and 0.21 mumol/g wet wt in the fed, and 24 h and 48 h fasted states, respectively. The tissue content of L-phosphoserine was also sensitive to anoxia, falling almost fivefold within 5 min after the liver was removed. Values of for the combined reactions of the first two steps of the pathway of L-serine biosynthesis [D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.95) and L-phosphoserine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52)] in livers from animals in different dietary states were calculated to be 1.2 X 10(-4) (fed), 1.4 X 10(-4) (24 h starved), and 0.70 X 10(-4) (48 h starved), all being very close to the value of the combined equilibrium constant of the same reactions (2.44 X 10(-4). Even when there were major changes in the individual components of, such as a fivefold drop in L-phosphoserine and a sevenfold fall in alpha-ketoglutarate following 5 min of anoxia, remained relatively unchanged (2.7 X 10(-4). Thus, it has been concluded that, in rabbit liver under most normal conditions, the combined reactions of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and L-phosphoserine aminotransferase remain very near equilibrium, and that almost all of the disequilibrium of the pathway, amounting to a delta G of -5.5 kcal/mol in the fed state, is at the last step, the L-phosphoserine phosphatase reaction (EC 3.1.3.3).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cell sonicates used in the analysis of how measles and herpes simplex type 1 virus infections influence Vero cell mitochondrial calcium uptake.

Brief sonication was used to rapidly prepare an in situ mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake system from Vero cells. This method yielded intact, functional mitochondria capable of accumulating and retaining approximately 50% of Ca2+ available in the reaction mix. Mitochondria in cells infected with herpes simplex type 1 virus exhibited a gradual decline in the initial Ca2+ uptake rate, dropping to 65% of the control rate at the end of the 12-h lytic cycle. Influence of a lytic measles virus infection on the initial Ca2+ uptake rate was different. The rate initially dropped to 75% of the control rate by 9 h postinfection, then recovered to slightly above the control rate at 21 h postinfection, and finally declined to 75% of the control rate at 30 h postinfection. Neither viral infection altered the total amount of Ca2+ accumulated by Vero cell mitochondria.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

Differential lung ventilation with unilateral PEEP following unilateral hydrochloric acid aspiration in the dog.

Differential lung ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves pulmonary gas exchange when used in the supportive care of patients with severe unilateral or asymmetrical lung disease. Once the provision of selective PEEP to the two lungs is accomplished, the best method of partitioning the tidal volume between the two lungs is unknown. Twelve mongrel dogs were given a unilateral hydrochloric acid (HCl) aspiration injury. A computer controlled differential lung ventilation system was used to ventilate four dogs with equal volumes to each lung, four dogs with equal driving pressure (end inspiratory pressure-PEEP) to each lung, and four dogs with equal end-tidal CO2 fraction from each lung. The respiratory rate was feedback controlled to maintain PaCO2 at 4.67 kPa. The dogs were kept supine and ventilated with 30% O2. Following injury, the PEEP was set at 0 kPa for 1 h. The dogs were then given 1.36 kPa and 2.72 kPa PEEP to the injured lung for 2 h in a cross-over fashion. The assignment of the tidal volume controller, the side of injury, and the PEEP sequence was random. Oxygen tension fell and pulmonary venous admixture increased after giving the HCl injury. In all three groups considered simultaneously, unilateral PEEP improved PaO2 and venous admixture. The equal tidal volume distribution was the only group to show a significant improvement in PaO2 at both PEEP increments (0 to 1.36 kPa and 2.72 kPa). There was a significant difference in tidal volume allocation between the three groups with the equal end-tidal and equal pause pressure groups only minimally ventilating the injured lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hospital-acquired infections in a burns unit caused by an imported strain of Staphylococcus aureus with unusual multi-resistance.

During the past year five patients from countries in the Middle East admitted to a burns unit were found to harbour a strain of Staphylococcus aureus with unusual multi-resistance to antibiotics. The admission of the first patient was followed by an outbreak of infection with this strain involving ten patients in the unit. In addition five staff members were found to be nasal carriers of the strain. As a result of this incident, the following four patients admitted to the unit were isolated on admission and the spread of their strans was thus prevented. It is recommended that patients on admission to burns units, or similar departments with patients very susceptible to infection, are isolated until their bacterial floras have been examined.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Results of glando-cavernous anastomosis in 18 cases of priapism.

Of 18 patients treated for priapism by glando-cavernous anastomosis, 11 obtained complete relief. Follow-up examination of the 18 patients has shown normal erectile function in 11 cases. It would appear that the chance of preserving sexual function is greater the better the immediate result of the operation obtained and the earlier the patients are treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Association-dissociation behavior and subunit structure of heat-released nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli.

Nitrate reductase, released from the membrane fraction of Escherichia coli by a neutral heat treatment, was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme behaved as an associating-dissociating system, exhibiting concentration-dependent sedimentation constants which ranged from 24 S at high concentrations in the ultracentrifuge down to 10 S at low concentrations in sucrose gradients. The molecular weight determined at high concentrations by sedimentation equilibrium was 880,000 +/- 30,000. Large and small enzyme species were detected on polyacrylamide disc gels run with diluted samples of enzyme. The ratio of the two species was concentration-dependent and the dissociation was reversible. The purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous and monodisperse in the ultracentrifuge, on sucrose gradients, during gel filtration on Bio-Gel and on polyacrylamide gels, but it had a heterogeneous subunit composition as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Enzyme species with different subunit compositions were partially resolved by gel filtration. The fractions with the highest specific activity contained subunits of 150,000 and 55,000 daltons in a ratio of approximately 1:1. Other fractions contained reduced amounts of the 55,000-dalton subunit and correspondingly increased amounts of 51,000-, 45,000-, and 10,000-dalton subunits, suggesting that the heterogeneity was the result of proteolytic degradation of the 55,000-dalton subunit. The enzyme contained approximately 12 non-heme irons, 12 acid-labile sulfides, 24 cysteine residues, and 1 molybdenum per 200,000 daltons.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Gardner's syndrome.

A 22-year-old woman had multiple osteomas of the facial skeleton that were thought to represent Gardner's syndrome. At the first examination, however, other symptoms were not present. The diagnosis was established when colonic polyposis developed four years later.

Adult↗