This study explored the association between sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP). A new method was used to minimize the measurement error introduced by the large intrinsic variability of 24-hour sodium excretion. The ratio of intra- to interindividual variation was used to estimate the number of measurements needed to characterize the individual. When seven consecutive 24-hour samples were collected from 73 children, ages 11-14 years, a significant correlation between mean individual sodium excretion and BP was demonstrated. The independent relationship persisted when controlling for height, weight, pulse, age, sex and race (p = 0.045), but was eliminated by simultaneously considering mean creatinine excretion. Although the cross-sectional association described is quantitatively weak, a linear relationship between BP and sodium over the range consumed in this society could be important for prevention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

The role of payment source in differentiating nursing home residents, services, and payments.

In 1976, it cost $10.6 billion to care for the over one million nursing home residents in the U.S. (Gibson et al, 1977). While public and private sources spent almost equal amounts, it is widely believed that differences exist between public and private patients in terms of need for institutionalization, services received, and rates of payment for care. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of data from a national probability survey, the 1976 Survey of Institutionalized Persons (SIP), and examines variations associated with source of payment for institutionalized long-term care.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1980

[Transaxillary S-shaped incision for intrathoracic procedures (author's transl)].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Axilla↗

PubMed1980

Effect on an ergoline derivate-nicergoline (Sermion) on methylandrostenediol-induced hypertension in the rat.

The antihypertensive activity of nicergoline (Sermion), an adrenolytic and vasodilator drug, was tested in rats when hypertensive vascular disease was induced by administration of methylandrostenediol (MAD). Nicergoline not only counteracted the effect of MAD on the systolic blood pressure of the rats, but it also prevented the appearance of vascular lesions usually induced by this type of experimental hypertension on arterioles of several organs such as heart, kidney and brain and of the pancreatic mesenteric region. When given alone, the drug was well tolerated. Since the drug did not interfere with the modification induced by MAD on the adrenal steroidogenesis, as seen by EM studies of the zona fasciculata of the androgen-treated animals, it is likely that it may have exerted its adrenolytic effect on the peripheral vessels of the MAD-induced hypertensive rats.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1979

Dietary cholesterol, fat, and fibre, and colon-cancer mortality. An analysis of international data.

It has been suggested that high fat, high cholesterol, and low fibre intakes play a role in the causation of colon cancer, but since they are highly intercorrelated, it is difficult to determine which (if any) variable is truly related to colon cancer. Food disappearance data for 1954--65 and mortality data for 1967--73 from 20 industrialised countries were used to assess which variables are independently related to colon cancer. Simple correlation analysis indicated that intake of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol, and fibres are each highly correlated with mortality-rate for colon cancer. The partial correlation of dietary cholesterol with colon cancer remains highly significant when fat or fibre is controlled. However, the partial correlations of fat or of fibre iwth colon cancer are no longer significant when cholesterol is controlled. Cross-classification showed a highly signficant main effect for cholesterol, but nor for fat or fibre. The findings support the possibility of a causal relationship between cholesterol intake and colon cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

A rank statistic for assessing the amount of variation explained by risk factors in epidemiologic studies.

A statistic, Q, based on the ranks of the estimated probabilities of disease is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of regression models used with dichotomous dependent variables in epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. The pitfalls of R2 are discussed, and the proposed statistic is compared with R2 utilizing 8.6-year incidence data from the national cooperative Pooling Project and 15-year mortality data from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company Study. Based on the risk factors, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking status for middle-aged males, the proposed statistic, Q, attains from 27-44% of its maximum value for the endpoint, the first major coronary event, and from 35-46% of the maximum for death from the cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Assessment of the association between habitual salt intake and high blood pressure: methodological problems.

Despite the finding in cross-cultural comparisons that habitual sodium intake correlates with levels of blood pressure, similar studies from within population groups have yielded inconsistent results. The data presented in this report indicate that in industrialized societies the high degree of intra-individual variability of sodium intake, compared to much smaller inter-individual differences, may obscure potential biological correlations. A quantitative statistical method is presented to assess and minimize the effect of the large intra-individual variation in daily urinary sodium excretion.

Adult↗

PubMed1978