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Biomedical subjects

K Light

Publications and source records attributed to K Light.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Causes of renal deterioration in patients with meningomyelocoeles.

The patient records of 122 children with meningomyelocoeles were analysed in an attempt to find a common factor causing upper tract deterioration. The results clearly show that grade III reflux followed by obstructive hydroureter are the commonest factors associated with significant renal deterioration.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Intermittent catheterisation in congenital neurogenic bladder: a preliminary report.

53 children with congenital neurogenic bladders are currently managed on intermittent catheterisation. The problems of continence, urinary tract infection and upper tract deterioration have to date been controlled reasonably successfully and the need for urinary diversion appears to have been obviated. Complications have been negligible and parents and patients alike prefer this method to the Crédé manoeuvre.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unbiased and efficient estimation of bladder volume with MR imaging.

Almost all methods of measuring residual volume of urine in the bladder of patients undergoing urologic assessment are biased to an unknown extent. The authors describe the application of an unbiased stereologic technique for estimating the volume of bladder urine known as the Cavalieri method. The method requires imaging of a series of systematic (ie, equally spaced) parallel sections through the bladder. Such data can be conveniently obtained with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. If sampling begins at a position randomly chosen within the distance corresponding to the section interval, bladder volume is estimated without bias as the sum of the areas of the bladder sections on the images multiplied by the section interval. Computer-aided point-counting techniques represent an efficient means of obtaining the required section area estimates. Optimum sectioning and point counting densities for estimating bladder volume were established by analyzing detailed data sets obtained in five volunteers. It was shown that if an average of only 20 points were counted in each of only five systematic sections through the bladder, the volume of bladder urine was estimated with a coefficient of error of about 5%. By studying these five volunteers and an additional 13 with MR imaging and the Cavalieri method, the authors showed that the difference between the volume of urine in the bladder before and after micturition is unbiased (ie, shows no systematic difference) with respect to the volume of urine voided by the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing substance abuse among health care students and the efficacy of educational interventions.

Approximately 10 per cent of nurses are chemically dependent, and, for many, substance abuse begins while attending nursing school. Faculty must be able to assess the extent of the problem, understand the contributing factors, recognize signs and symptoms, and use educational interventions in identifying and preventing chemical dependency in nurses. Beginning in 1989, the authors sampled all entering students in four colleges on a health science campus using the Standardized Substance Abuse Attitude Survey and obtained resurvey data from two of the colleges' 1989 entering classes in fall 1991. Each college developed educational interventions. Some clear differences between nursing and pharmacy students emerged and indicated that a greater emphasis on drug and alcohol education can pay dividends. Establishing a data base over a period of more than 2 years provides a foundation to evaluate further interventions.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproducibility of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in the Psychophysiological Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI).

OBJECTIVE: Many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) develop myocardial ischemia in response to mental stress. This has been documented both in the natural environment and in the laboratory. However, the reproducibility of laboratory mental stress-induced ischemia has not been investigated. METHOD: Sixty patients with documented CAD and a positive exercise stress test discontinued cardiac medications and underwent two standardized mental stress tests (a timed Stroop Color-Word test and a public speaking task) in a nuclear cardiology laboratory (Visit 1), and repeated this procedure between 2 and 8 weeks later (Visit 2). Measurements of cardiovascular function and neurohormonal responses were obtained throughout testing, and mood state was assessed before and after testing. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of the 56 patients with detailed radionuclide data from both visits had consistent responses (ie, ischemia either present during both sessions or absent during both) to the Stroop task (kappa = .29, p = .03), 61% had consistent responses to the speech task (kappa = .20, p = .12), and 60% had consistent responses when ischemia was considered present if it occurred during either the Stroop test, the speech task, or both, and absent if it did not occur during either task (kappa = .22, p = .07). Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to the tests were moderately reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that two popular laboratory tests for mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia are modestly reproducible. The relatively low reproducibility is probably influenced by uncertainties in detecting relatively small changes in wall motion, habituation of the patient to repeated exposure to psychological stressors, and physiological differences in threshold for ischemia on different days of testing.

Adult↗