Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Lenz

Publications and source records attributed to K Lenz.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of gut lavage on phenobarbital elimination in rats.

In the management of intoxications, the major goals are enhanced elimination of the toxin from the organism and prevention of further absorption. Absorption of an orally administered substance from the gastrointestinal tract can be decreased by adequate washing of the stomach. Delayed absorption of the substance from the small intestine cannot be avoided by this procedure and after the gastric lavage, a nonspecific absorbent must be administered and diarrhea induced (1). This study demonstrates that iatrogenic diarrhea via gut lavage can also eliminate toxins already absorbed by the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lipid metabolism in acute renal failure.

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein composition was investigated in acute renal failure (ARF). Forty-seven percent of the patients showed hypertriglyceridemia, whereas serum cholesterol was slightly reduced. Triglyceride (TG) content, predominantly of LDL and to a lesser degree of VLDL, was elevated. Cholesterol concentrations of HDL and LDL fractions were markedly reduced. HDL-TG and VLDL-cholesterol were in the normal range. Forty percent of the patients had a type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) was reduced owing to an inhibition of hepatic-TG-lipase (HTGL) activity, whereas protamine-inactivated LPL was in the normal range. Fractional elimination (K2) of parenterally administered fat emulsions, determined by an intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) was reduced to 2.44% min, about half of normal. The fat elimination rate increased but did not normalize during parenteral nutrition with amino acids and glucose, suggesting enhanced lipid deposition. Alterations of lipid metabolism develop early in ARF (by 4 days) and, in general, are not influenced by residual renal function, urinary output, or duration of renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

[Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema].

Non-cardiac pulmonary edema comprises all types of pulmonary edema not caused by increase of left ventricular filling pressure and elevated pulmonary capillary pressure. In one year 42 patients at our intensive care unit developed non-cardiac pulmonary edema. In a retrospective study the clinical, radiological and functional changes in patients with non-cardiac pulmonary edema were determined. 76% of the patients had multiple causes for development of non-cardiac pulmonary edema. Sepsis was the most frequent predisposing disease. Over-all mortality reached up to 69%. Additional organ failure caused an increase in mortality. Patients without complications had the best prognosis. Mechanical ventilation (69%), high-dose corticosteroids (50%), hemodialysis with ultrafiltration (33.3%) and hemofiltration (7.1%) were used for treatment of non-cardiac pulmonary edema.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Kinetics of elementary steps in the cytochrome P-450 reaction sequence. V. Laser temperature-jump investigation of the spin relaxation kinetics of cytochrome P-450 LM2.

The cytochrome P-450 LM2 spin state relaxation kinetics has been resolved by means of laser temperature-jump techniques. The first order rate constants amount to about 10(6) S-1 in the substrate-free and the substrate-bound protein, respectively. Evidence is provided that the spin equilibrium preequilibrates the P-450 reduction but is not rate-limiting. Additional capacitor discharge temperature-jump studies elucidate substrate dependent perturbations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Elimination of poisons].

Therapeutic methods for treating poisoned men are based on the principles of intensive care therapy. The elimination of toxins depends on the circulatory circumstances; an enhancement of poison elimination can be achieved in providing a normal circulation. In the treatment of most cases of poisoning gastric and gut lavage will be sufficient. An extracorporeal toxin elimination with hemodialysis or hemoperfusion will be reserved for special cases, because of increased technical and personal expense and a higher complication rate, compared to other methods of treatment in poisoning. Forced diuresis is a simple method, but the efficacy is reduced to a small number of substances. Also reduced to certain toxins is the method of elimination with hyperventilation.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnostic key for intensive care patients: combination of clinical parameters with laboratory findings].

A new diagnostic key has been established based on the reports of 3845 critically ill patients in our medical intensive care unit. The clinical diagnoses in these patients were classified in 22 different groups according to different organs or etiological entities (diseases of the liver, infectious diseases, intoxications etc.). 42 different laboratory parameters were selected for classification of metabolic or organ-related complications. Combining of clinical diagnoses with laboratory values characterizes the seriously ill patient. Our new system proved to be practicable in describing the degree, complications and prognosis of disorders in intensive care medicine. The results are demonstrated in patients with hepatic coma.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1982

[New aspects of chlorprothixen-poisoning (author's transl)].

Over the past 8 years the Poison Information Centre of Vienna was confronted 24 times with acute chlorproxithene (CPTX) poisoning. In adults doses of 2 g and more caused severe intoxication, but serious toxic manifestations were observed already at low dosage in children (after the ingestion of less than 5 mg/kg body weight). In one case unexpected death due to cardiac failure occurred as long as 49 hours after CPTX intake. The favorable outcome in one patient treated with gut, as well as gastric lavage indicates that this therapeutic strategy may be of value in the management of CPTX intoxication.

Chlorprothixene↗
PubMed1982

Fat elimination in acute renal failure.

Lipid metabolism and elimination of parenterally administered fat were investigated in 15 patients with acute renal failure (ARF). The mean triglyceride level was elevated to 2.56 +/- 1.43 mmol/l and the mean cholesterol level was 3.32 +/- 0.66 mmol/l, which is slightly below the normal range. A type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia was present in 47 per cent of the patients. The triglyceride content of LDL and VLDL was elevated and the cholesterol concentration of HDL and of LDL was reduced markedly. The fractional removal rate of triglycerides (K2) evaluated by an intravenous fat tolerance test using a bolus technique was reduced to 2.44 +/- 1.56 per cent/min which is about half of normal and correspondingly the elimination half life was prolonged to 28.4 min. No correlation could be demonstrated between the impairment of fat elimination and residual renal function, basal and VLDL triglyceride concentration or HDL cholesterol content.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

[The intoxication with cyclizin in infancy and adult age (Experiences of a contamination-information-central office) (author's transl)].

Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects obtained from 38 cases of intoxication with the antiemetic drug "cyclizine" in children and adults are discussed. The relative frequency of accidentally or purposely performed overdosage shows a decreasing tendency. The introduction of regulations after the prescription of cyclizine compounds, leaving a limited dose available without prescription and the introduction of a safety package to prohibit misuse by children are reported in their relationship with the epidemiologic data. A toxic dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, a minimal lethal dose (MLD) of about 80 mg/kg are evaluated and compared with previous published data. Differences of age in the development of the clinical picture of the cyclizine-intoxication with a disposition for the evolvement of convulsions in children compared to the total lack of convulsions in adults have to be pointed out. The management of overdoses follows general principles of treatment like gastric lavage, supporting care and includes the specific treatment with the antidote "physostigmin-salicylate", which causes a shortening of the time of recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Pulmonary complications in hepatic coma].

Incidence and extent of pulmonary complications were evaluated retrospectively in 101 patients with hepatic coma (34 patients with acute liver failure, 57 patients with hepatic encephalopathy and 10 patients with mixed forms). 76 patients (73.3%) had pulmonary complications (pulmonary edema 57 cases, pneumonia 20 cases, tracheobronchitis 30 cases). Lethality of the group with pulmonary complications was 97% as compared to 16% in the group without pulmonary complications. Pathogenesis of pulmonary complications is not completely clear; different mechanisms are being discussed like central mechanisms, vascular lesions caused by metabolic or toxic factors, cardiac failure, and increased susceptibility to infection. In 9 out of 59 cases (15.3%) with respiratory failure no morphological changes could be observed in the lungs; in these cases intrapulmonary shunts might have been the cause for the pulmonary complications. The incidence of pulmonary complications increased by a factor of 2.4 during intensive care unit treatment of the patients; this increase shows, that intensive care unit treatment still has to be improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Accidental ingestion of NaF tablets by children--report of a poison control center and one case.

Accidental ingestion by children of NaF tablets for caries prophylaxis is a frequent event. However, our own experience from the Poison Information Centre in Vienna and reports from other centers show that these accidents usually do not present a serious risk. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity and symptoms of poisoning are briefly reviewed. The case of a boy who died after ingesting 16 mg fluoride/kg, but whose cause of death is not certain beyond doubt, is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

[Shock liver].

UNLABELLED: Hypoxic, central lobular necrosis of the liver has been observed in patients with severe shock of different origin. In many cases diagnosis is not established, since clinical symptoms are unrevealing, and since SGPT levels rise rather late in the course of the disease. 3,788 patients have been treated in the intensive care unit of the Department of Medicine of the Vienna Medical School, within 10 years; liver damage caused by shock has been found during this period only in 32 cases. Diagnosis was established in 31 cases because of highly elevated SGPT levels, and substantiated in 5 cases by liver biopsy; diagnosis was established in one case by biopsy only. The median value of SGPT activity was 1,160 U/l and of lactate concentration 7.5 mmol/l. In 18 patients shock was caused by acute myocardial infarction, in 4 patients by pulmonary infarction and in 3 patients by cardiac as well as pulmonary events. In 4 cases there were heart valve lesions, one case had myocarditis, one case acute pancreatitis and one case hemorrhagic shock. Lethality was 78.1%. There was no correlation between central venous pressure and the maximal SGPT levels. There was however a correlation between prothrombin time and creatinine clearance. IN CONCLUSION: In severe shock typical lesions of the liver may originate as a complication of shock, this complication being due to reduced blood flow leading to central lobulare necrosis of liver cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen levels in chronic renal failure and after kidney transplantation (author's transl)].

In ten non dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, 18 patients on regular dialysis treatment and 70 renal transplant recipients alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen levels were investigated. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen concentrations were highest in dialyzed patients with values of 314 +/- 98 and 485 +/- 127 mg/dl respectively. In renal transplant recipients a significant positive correlation between alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen concentration was found (p less than 0.001). High alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen levels seem to be a possible consequence of reactive processes due to underlying disease or complications. Our results seem to indicate that both alpha 1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen can be classified as "acute phase protein".

Creatinine↗
PubMed1981

[Veratrum album poisoning (author's transl)].

Ingestion of plant material rarely gives rise to manifest clinical intoxication. This is due to the relatively low toxicity of most of the poisonous plants of Central Europe. Veratrum album is an important exception on account of its highly toxic alkaloids. Seven cases of overt intoxication from veratrum album have been reported to the Austrian Poison Information Centre during the past 5 years. On the basis of these case reports toxicological and clinical aspects of this rare form of poisoning are discussed.

Adult↗