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Biomedical subjects

K Lennert

Publications and source records attributed to K Lennert.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Clinical features of nodular paragranuloma (Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte predominance type, nodular).

Clinical aspects of 145 cases of nodular paragranuloma (nodular subtype of lymphocyte predominance type of Hodgkin's disease) were investigated. There was a marked male predominance, and the age curve showed a peak in the 4th decade. In a majority of cases lymphadenopathy developed within 1 year. General (B) symptoms were observed in only 15 patients. The most frequent sites of primary involvement were cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymph nodes. Other organs were rarely involved. At the time of diagnosis 50% of patients were in stage I, 21% in stage II, 22% in stage III, and 7% in stage IV. The prognosis was usually favorable or very favorable and depended on the stage of disease at diagnosis and on the age of the patient. Patients with stage I or III disease without splenic involvement had about the same probability of survival as the normal population. Stage III patients with splenic involvement had a lower probability of survival. The prognosis for stage II was also less favorable. Patients in stage IV had the lowest probability of survival. Closer analysis of the ten stage IV cases revealed two groups with different outcomes. Four cases showed progressive disease that did not respond to treatment and led to death within 12 months. The second, more favorable form (6 patients) responded well to chemotherapy. Nine patients in stage I who were not treated after lymph node biopsy were free of disease even after periods of up to 14 years. A total of 52 patients had one or more relapses. The recurrent tumors developed locally in a majority of cases. There was transformation of nodular paragranuloma into another subtype of Hodgkin's disease in only four cases. Five cases showed transformation into large-cell tumors that resembled immunoblastic lymphoma and require further immunological study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

On the angiostructure of lymph nodes in Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study using the lectin I of Ulex europaeus as endothelial marker.

Using an extended indirect immunoperoxidase method and the lectin I of Ulex europaeus ( UEA -I), whose binding sites in lymph nodes are restricted to endothelial cells and erythrocytes, the angioarchitecture of 31 lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease (HD) was demonstrated and analyzed. Compared with the normal state, the lymphocytic predominance type has a low relative vascular density, and venular endothelium is epithelioid throughout. Mixed cellularity types, especially those rich in epithelioid cells, have the lowest relative vascular density; the venular endothelium is often flat. In the sclerosing areas of the nodular sclerosis type structurel differences between capillaries, arterioles and venules vanish. Due to parenchymal atrophy and cellular depletion, relative vascular density is markedly increased in such areas, as is the case in lymphocytic depletion types. Despite all the histomorphological changes occurring in HD, the vascular system of the lymph node, surprisingly, does not undergo profound alteration. There is a positive correlation between the degree of epithelioid transformation of venular endothelium and trans-venular lymphocytic traffic. The conditions are described under which the otherwise non-reactive sinus endothelium expresses the UEA -I receptor.

Endothelium↗
PubMed1984

Alternative myelomonocytic differentiation of HL-60 reflects dual prospective potency of promyelocytes in human.

The permanent promyelocytic cell line HL-60 was subjected to stimulation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and retinoic acid (RA), as well as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and lymphokine conditioned media for the induction of granulocytic or monocytic differentiation, respectively. Cells were investigated cytochemically using alpha-naphthylacetate esterase (acid esterase; AcE), naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, and peroxidase reactions. In addition, the granulocyte or monocyte specific isoenzyme patterns of AcE as an intracytoplasmic property and the immunoreactivity to monoclonal antibodies recognizing granulocytes and monocytes (Ki-M2, Ki-M5) or monocytes alone (Ki-M1) were considered. The results indicated that HL-60 cell line bear the potency to evolve into granulocytes as well as monocytes. Additional studies performed on normal human bone marrow stained for AcE led to the conclusion that the myeloid cell line remains bipolar until the maturation stage of promyelocytes. Myelocytes being AcE positive only in 11.5 +/- 5.0 are heterogeneous and display the first indications of separated monocytic or granulocytic differentiation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Cytochemical distribution of dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC-3.4.14.5) in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia characterized with monoclonal antibodies.

In human blood and bone marrow, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) selectively occurs in T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgM. In the present study 35 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and leukemia were analysed for the specificity, incidence and reaction pattern of DAP IV. On the basis of immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies and enzyme cytochemical staining for acid phosphatase, 12 cases were classified as B-type neoplasms. In 23 cases T-cell properties were expressed to different extents, apparently reflecting different categories of maturation. Whereas B-cell lymphomas were invariably negative for DAP IV, seven of the 23 T-lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukemias showed this enzyme. Thus DAP IV is a highly specific marker for a distinct T-cell subpopulation, apparently irrespective of the stage of differentiation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Immature sinus histiocytes. Their identification as a novel B-cell population.

The true nature of cells of "immature sinus histiocytosis" (ISH) is uncertain because they lack the typical features of normal histiocytes when analyzed by enzyme cytochemistry or electron microscopy. In the present study the antigenic profile of ISH cells has been analyzed by immunohistologic techniques in six cases of Piringer's lymphadenitis with the use of a large panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies reactive with the major cell types of the hematolymphoid system. The results obtained indicate that ISH cells consistently lack markers found on cells of the monocyte/macrophage series, myeloid cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, follicular dendritic reticulum cells, T cells, or Ki-1-positive cells. They constantly express B-cell antigens and HLA-DR and (on a variable proportion of cells) surface immunoglobulin. The application of antibodies reactive with different B-cell subsets showed that the cells of ISH do not correspond to any previously described B-cell population, eg, pre-B cells, germinal center cells, follicular mantle lymphocytes, or marginal zone cells. Furthermore, ISH cells and germinal center cells are found in association with clearly different cell types. These findings indicate that ISH cells represent a B-cell population at a previously undescribed differentiation stage, occurring only under certain circumstances (eg, in toxoplasmosis or AIDS). It is proposed that the term "immature sinus histiocytosis" be replaced by "B-cell sinus reaction."

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Subtyping of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T-type by dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV), monoclonal antibodies, and Fc-receptors.

The authors have recently provided evidence for a restricted occurrence of the enzyme dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) in normal human Tmu lymphocytes as far as blood and bone marrow cells are concerned. In this report, this issue has been extended to cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) along with T-monoclonal antibodies of OKT series (OKT4, OKT8) and Fc receptors for IgM (Tmu) and IgG (Tgamma). Seven of eight cases of T-CLL were DAP IV-positive, whereas all B-CLL cases like normal B-cells were invariably enzyme-negative. Parallel studies with OKT antibodies and Fc receptors showed that the cases positive to DAP IV also revealed OKT4 reactivity and, to some extent, Fc IgM receptor. In a single DAP IV-negative T-CLL with azurophilic granules, the leukemic cells were shown to be reactive for OKT8 and bore Fc IgG receptor. It was inferred that DAP IV represents a reliable marker for T-CLL derived from the OKT4 and Tmu positive subsets of T-lymphocytes, which encompasses the T-helper cell cohort.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical picture and prognosis of generalized mastocytosis].

Proliferation of tissue mast cells in more than one organ is a rare disease, called generalized mastocytosis. Findings obtained in 35 cases were compared with 125 case reports in order to elucidate the course of the disease and its clinical picture. The results indicated that generalized mastocytosis has to be divided into two variants, designated systemic mastocytosis and malignant mastocytosis. Systemic mastocytosis is characterized by urticaria pigmentosa-like skin eruptions, with simultaneous infiltration of at least one visceral organ (usually bone marrow). Other frequently involved organs are spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. The age curve is biphasic, with one peak in early childhood and another in the 6th decade. The prognosis of systemic mastocytosis is generally favorable (actuarial survival 0.88 one year after diagnosis). In contrast to systemic mastocytosis, malignant mastocytosis does not show urticaria pigmentosa-like skin lesions. In this variant of generalized mastocytosis, frequently involved organs are bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Common symptoms are anemia and eosinophilia. The age curve shows a peak in later life (6th and 7th decades). Malignant mastocytosis is never seen in children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prelymphoma, early lymphoma, and manifest lymphoma in immunosialadenitis (Sjögren's syndrome)--a model of lymphomagenesis.

The development of malignant lymphoma in myoepithelial sialadenitis with and without Sjögren's syndrome was investigated. At first, prelymphomatous proliferation areas showing a polytypic immunoglobulin (Ig) pattern were seen. These transformed into malignant lymphoma with a monotypic Ig pattern, at first in small, circumscribed proliferation areas ("early lymphoma") and later in large, confluent proliferation area ("manifest lymphoma"). The lymphomas were classified as LP immunocytoma. In some cases they transformed into high-grade malignant lymphomas of the same category, namely, B-immunoblastic lymphoma. The same types of lymphoma have been found in NZB mice and chronic graft-versus-host reactions. "Primary" malignant lymphomas of salivary glands that did not show myoepithelial sialadenitis were also studied. These lymphomas were mostly germinal center cell tumors and probably developed primarily in lymph nodes within parotid glands in most, if not all, cases.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1983

An immunological study of germinal centres in four ophthalmic immunocytomas.

Four ophthalmic lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid (LP) immunocytomas with germinal centres were reviewed histologically and studied immunologically by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In two cases a histological diagnosis of LP immunocytoma was made, while in the other two cases a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma could not be histologically differentiated with certainty from a pseudolymphoma or reactive process. Immunological analysis confirmed the diagnosis in the former two cases and led in one of the latter also to a diagnosis of LP immunocytoma. In the fourth case the development of LP immunocytoma out of a pseudolymphoma could be demonstrated. In the four LP immunocytomas the germinal centres showed a monoclonal pattern of immunoglobulin in one case, a polyclonal pattern in one case and a negative reaction in two cases. The role of germinal centres in relation to the development of LP immunocytoma is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Lymph node enlargement due to amyloid.

A case of a patient presenting with supraclavicular and cervical lymph node enlargement with demonstration of amyloid is presented. Histologic features are described. Amyloid deposition was not found in any other organ. Immunohistochemical typing with antisera raised against protein AA, A lambda, and A kappa showed a reaction only against A lambda. Thus, this case belongs to the immunoglobulin lambda light chain-derived types that occur in many other parts of the body, particularly the respiratory tract.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1983

Combined immunohistochemical staining for surface IgD and T-lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies in human tonsils.

The aim of the present paper is to detect two different antigens simultaneously in a single slide. In cryostat sections of human tonsils, B-lymphocytes of follicle mantle-bearing surface IgD were immunostained with the alkaline phosphatase method using monoclonal anti IgD. The subsequent staining for T-lymphocyte subsets (T-helper and T-suppressor lymphocytes) was performed again with the alkaline phosphatase method using one of the monoclonal antibodies OKT 4, OKT 8, Leu 3a, Leu 2a. The best results with the alkaline phosphatase method were achieved using naphthol AS phosphate and Fast Blue BB for the revelation of the first antigen and naphthol AS-BI phosphate and diazotized New Fuchsin for the second.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Plasmacytoid T-cell clusters in non-specific lymphadenitis.

The occurrence and morphology of Lymphoblastennester (clusters of lymphoblasts) were analyzed in 500 unselected cases of nonspecific lymphadenitis. Sixty-eight cases showed such clusters, which consist of uniform-looking medium-sized cells. Based on the results of recent immunologic investigations, these cells may be interpreted as T-cells with plasmacytoid features ("plasmacytoid T-cells', PTC). PTC were usually located near venules in the pulp, but not in the generally hyperplastic T-nodules. There was usually no relation to hyperplasia of B-regions (follicles). Although occasional mitotic figures and basophilic blast cells were found at the edges of PTC clusters, it is possible that PTC develop through transformation of T-lymphocytes. PTC often showed pyknotic nuclei and a tendency to perish, suggesting that they are end cells. Necrotic cells were phagocytosed by macrophages, which occasionally caused a starry sky pattern like that seen in germinal centers. Sometimes there were also a few interdigitating reticulum cells in the clusters. The function of PTC is still obscure; they might secrete lymphokines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Concordance of the Kiel and Lukes-Collins classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The Kiel and Lukes-Collins classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are the only classifications based on immunological concepts. Their cytological types have been confirmed by numerous immunological studies as B- and T-cell types and have been related to clinico-pathological entities. In this presentation, the cytological types of the two classifications are compared. Eleven of the 13 major types of the Lukes-Collins classification are essentially identical with the Kiel counterparts, though the terminology differs in four of the 11 types. In the two types in which discordance occurs, the relationship between the types of the two classifications are clarified. As a result, the two classifications are placed into effective alignment for understanding and translating terminological differences. Both classifications represent sound bases for morphological diagnoses and also for relating the results of the broad range of current and future immunological studies to morphology.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1983

An immunohistological study of reactive lymphoid tissue.

The aim of this study was to document the patterns of cytoplasmic Ig heavy and light chain expression in reactive lymphoid tissue, using single and double immunoenzymatic labelling techniques. This investigation was undertaken, firstly, to provide information on whether the normal counterparts of high grade lymphoma cells (e.g. centroblasts, immunoblasts) ever express more than one light or heavy chain (as has been noted in the past for lymphomas) and also, secondly, to seek evidence of intraclonal 'switching' from cytoplasmic IgM to cytoplasmic IgG expression. Paraffin embedded sections, all showing substantial reactive changes, were analysed by means of immunoperoxidase stains for the three major immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM and IgA), both light chain classes and J chain. In addition, double immunoenzymatic labelling techniques were used to search for cells showing simultaneous expression of kappa and lambda light chains and cells expressing mu and gamma heavy chain. Large transformed lymphocytes showing cytoplasmic Ig-staining in the pulp and interfollicular areas often have nuclear morphology indistinguishable from germinal centre centroblasts. There was no evidence of primitive appearing IgM-positive cells and IgG-positive cells of more mature morphology. In addition, immunoenzymatic staining showed that cells simultaneously expressing both IgG and IgM are only rarely encountered. When such cells were detected, the morphology was not that of a blast cell, but rather of a plasma cell containing Russel bodies. Hence it is suggested that cytoplasmic IgM switching to IgG is rarely detected by immunohistological methods in reactive tissue. Double staining for kappa and lambda revealed that cells simultaneously expressing both light chain types were not detected even among cells showing the most primitive morphology.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistology and aetiology of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Report of three instructive cases.

Three cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis are reported. Two patients came from Vietnam and the third from Greece. In all cases there was infection with yersinia enterocolitica of serogroup 9 or 3. Cervical lymph nodes were examined. Histologically, the characteristic necrosis developed in large foci of so-called T-associated plasma cells. Immunological analysis showed that these cells have characteristic markers of helper/inducer T cells, but do not express sheep erythrocyte receptors. The T-associated plasma cells perished by pyknosis and were then phagocytosed and digested by macrophages, which were present in large numbers. The necrotic areas were exclusively located in hyperplastic T regions. The B-cell system did not play a role in the reaction. T-associated plasma cells have been renamed 'plasmacytoid T cells' because they contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum ('plasmacytoid') and show immunological features of T cells. It appears likely that plasmacytoid T cells are the counterparts of plasma cells of the B-cell system that secrete lymphokines instead of immunoglobulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Malignant lymphoma of plasmacytoid T-cells. Morphologic and immunologic studies characterizing a special type of T-cell.

In 1958, a medium-sized cell was recognized in human lymph nodes and found to occur in clusters in about one out of every 10 cases of reactive hyperplasia. At first, it was interpreted as a lymphoblast. Later, electron-microscopic investigations revealed that the cell contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and was apparently restricted to T-regions of lymph nodes. Recently, it was possible to analyze a malignant lymphoma uniformly composed of such cells with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The cells proved to be Leu-1+, OKT4+, Leu-3a+, HLA-DR+, and weakly reactive with VIL-A1 (antibody to common ALL antigen) and clone F8-11-13, but negative for OKT3, OKT11, OKT8, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, common B-cell antigen, and C3b receptors. Short-term, in vitro cultures of lymphoma cells showed weak responses to phytohemagglutinin and Interleukin 2 (IL2), but no IL2 production. Lymphoma cells had a low spontaneous proliferation rate (about 2% Ki-67+ cells). In view of these findings, the term "plasma-cytoid T-cell" is proposed. A functional relationship between these cells and the myeloid system was suggested because the patient developed a myelomonocytic leukemia 3 months after the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made.

Aged↗