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Biomedical subjects

K Larsen

Publications and source records attributed to K Larsen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pulmonary histiocytomas.

Five cases of pulmonary histiocytomas are presented (four "endobronchial" and one "pulmonary"). They occurred in two children, and three adults over a five year period. Our center has a catchment of 1 million inhabitants. The possible nature and diagnostic possibilities are discussed. The prognosis is good in young people with this disease, which, in principle, does not differ from the same proliferating histiocytic and fibroblastic disorder arising elsewhere. The histological diagnosis was based upon characteristic and consistent morphological features, common to all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of the plasma estrone/17 beta-estradiol ratio on the prolactin and TSH responses to TRH.

This study was undertaken to test whether ratios between plasma concentrations of different estrogens would be more determinant of prolactin (PRL) secretion than plasma concentrations of estrogens per se have been found to be. Oral administration of micronized 17 beta-estradiol in a dose of 2 mg b.i.d. for 1 month to 7 postmenopausal women raised plasma estrone (E1) from a median of 29 to 683 pg/ml and plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2) from a median of 5.7 to 131 pg/ml. The E1/E2 ratios rose from a median of 4.01 to 4.92 (Pwilcoxon (Pw) greater than 0.025). Basal serum PRL increased from a median of 79.2 to 100 microIU/ml (Pw) greater than 0.025). However, the area under the curve of the PRL response to TRH increased from a median of 2,553 mm2 before to 3,919 mm2 after treatment (Pw less than 0.025). Highly significant correlations existed between the E1/E2 ratios and the PRL responses to TRH both before (rspearman (rs) = 0.964) (Pspearman (Ps) less than 0.005) and after (rs = 1.000) (Ps less than 0.00025) estradiol treatment, whereas no correlations (Ps less than 0.679) existed between plasma concentrations of E1 or E2 per se and either basal serum PRL or PRL response to TRH. The regression curves of best fit between the E1/E2 ratios and the PRL responses to TRH were hyperbolic both before (r = 0.884) and after (r = 0.996) treatment. These results, showing that the E1/E2 ratio rather than the plasma E1 or E2 concentrations per se are correlated to the PRL responses to TRH, imply that the metabolic conversion rate of estrogens modulates PRL secretion.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1982

Arterial blood gases and pneumatic nasal packing in epistaxis.

Several clinical studies have associated nasal packing in the treatment of epistaxis with hypoxemia on the basis of a possible nasopulmonary reflex. In 10 patients with epistaxis using a pneumatic nasal pack with central airway that allows a limited airflow, no changes in arterial blood gas tensions were observed. Forced expiratory volume measures were also without significant changes. The results indicate that the nasal packs used do not cause any clinically important alveolar hypoventilation or changes in arterial oxygenation. None of the patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and it is therefore still important to be aware of hypoxemia as a possible complication to nasal packing, especially in old patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irrespective of the kind of nasal pack used.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vasopressin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and benign intracranial hypertension.

We have studied plasma and cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin (CSF-AVP) and osmolality in 28 patients with cervical or lumbar pain syndromes (control patients), 11 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and in 5 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). Vasopressin concentration in lumbar CSF to a high extent reflected the actual ventricular CSF-AVP concentration. In all groups CSF-AVP was lower than plasma AVP. Mean CSF-AVP in the control group was 1.3 pg/ml +/- 0.1 (SEM). In the NPH patients, who all suffered from severe dementia, CSF-AVP level was not different from that found in the control group (1.4 pg/ml +/- 0.2). In contrast to the findings in the two other groups CSF osmolality in BIH patients was higher than plasma osmolality (P less than 0.0). CSF-AVP in the BIH patients, characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), was higher than in the control group (2.7 pg/ml +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Closed pleural biopsy and fluid cytology in the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary cancer with pleural involvement.

In a retrospective study of 44 cases of suspected primary pulmonary cancer with pleural involvement, the diagnostic value of pleural biopsy a.m. Abrams was evaluated. Biopsy specimens in 20 patients showed malignancy, which in 16 cases provided an adequate diagnosis, while 4 patients needed pleural biopsy by means of operation. In a total of 24 cases showing biopsy specimens without malignancy there were 4 false-negative ones. Among the patients under study, closed pleural biopsy combined with pleural fluid cytology proved malignancy in 96% of the cases in which neoplastic disease of the lungs and pleura was otherwise diagnosed. These findings indicate the value of using both fluid cytology and closed pleural biopsy at an early stage of the diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected pulmonary cancer with pleural involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prevention and treatment of ulcerations of the foot in unilaterally amputated diabetic patients.

In unilaterally amputated diabetic patients the prognosis for the remaining leg is poor. Often the patients suffer from diabetic neuropathy, angiopathy and/or arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, the load pattern of the remaining foot is frequently abnormal. In order to assess the extent of the problem, as well as the possibility of preventive care, 20 patients in the outpatient clinic of the Steno Memorial Hospital were followed for a period of 17 months. Eighteen patients showed signs of peripheral neuropathy and 19 an abnormal load pattern. Following preliminary assessment the dynamic load pattern of the ambulant patients was recorded and their shoes were fitted with a corrective insoles made of Rubazote. In the presence of ulcerations the insoles were continuously modified according to the diminishing size of the ulcer. Supplementary local dressing and systemic antibiotics were administered according to need. Initially 11 patients had pedal ulcerations, 5 ischemic and 6 neuropathic. All of the neuropathic ulcerations healed during the period of observation and no new ulcerations were seen. Two of the ischemic ulcerations healed whereas the remaining 3 persisted. It is concluded that regulation of the pedal load pattern in unilaterally amputated diabetic patients has a considerable curative and preventive effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Peripheral input pathways to the monkey motor cortex.

We have shown (Asanuma et al., 1979c) that the monkey motor cortex receives peripheral somesthetic inputs directly from the thalamus. In the present experiments, we studied the pathways which mediated these inputs by stimulating superficial radial (SR) and deep radial (DR) nerves and recording evoked potentials from the motor and sensory cortices and the following results were obtained: 1. The focus for SR and DR evoked potentials in the sensory cortex was located in a circumscribed small area whereas in the motor cortex, the evoked potentials were distributed in a wide area along the central sulcus including the distal forelimb area. 2. Ablation of the sensory cortex reduced the size, but neither abolished nor changed the latency of the evoked potentials in the motor cortex. 3. Section of dorsal column nearly abolished the evoked potentials in the motor cortex, but only halved their size in the sensory cortex. 4. Section of ventrolateral cervical column including the spinothalamic tract halved the size of evoked potentials in the sensory cortex, but did not change the size in the motor cortex. 5. It is concluded that direct peripheral inputs to the motor cortex are mediated primarily through the dorsal column system whereas the peripheral inputs to the sensory cortex are mediated through both dorsal column and spinothalamic tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vivo comparison of triamcinolone and beclomethasone inhalation delivery systems.

The efficiencies of two metered dose delivery systems designed for oral inhalation of glucocorticoids (triamcinolone acetonide and beclomethasone dipropionate) were compared in an open-labeled, randomized, crossover fashion in 18 asthmatic patients. Measurements were made of the mean amount of glucocorticoid released per actuation at the aerosol valve of each delivery system, the mean amount in a post-dose gargle and saliva specimen and the mean amount that remained in the oral adapter after use of each system. Retention in the oropharyngeal cavity was 7.3% and 40.3% of delivered dose for the triamcinolone acetonide and beclomethasone dipropionate systems (P < 0.001). The amount of glucocorticoid potentially available to the bronchial airways was 92.7% of the delivered dose for the triamcinolone acetonide and 59.7% for the beclomethasone dipropionate system.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1978

Clinical effect of aerosol triamcinolone acetonide in bronchial asthma.

In a double-blind, 12-week study of corticosteroid-dependent reversible bronchial asthma, 20 of 31 (64.5%) patients receiving triamcinolone acetonide aerosol, 800 microgram daily, were able to discontinue oral steroid therapy. This compares with three of 29 (10.3%) treated with aerosol placebo. At the end of the 12-week period, the mean 8 AM plasma cortisol level had increased from 5.3 +/- 4.1 to 8.6 +/- 5.2 microgram/dl in those receiving triamcinolone acetonide. The mean percent predicted values in the triamcinolone group for forced expiratory volume in the first second rose from 44.8 to 62.4 at two weeks (P less than .005), for forced vital capacity from 64.1 to 79.9 (P less than .005), and for maximum midexpiratory flow rate from 26.7 to 46.7 (P less than .005). The improved pulmonary function values persisted while the oral prednisone equivalent daily dose decreased from a mean of 13.3 to 2.9 mg at 12 weeks. Significant oral candidiasis was detected in two patients. Aerosol triamcinolone acetonide appears to be an effective alternative to beclomethasone dipropionate for use in patients with bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind trial of oral carbuterol in bronchial asthma.

A double-blind comparison of 2 and 3 mg oral doses of carbuterol, a beta sympathomimetic drug with preferential selectivity for bronchial smooth muscle, was made with 25 and 35 mg doses of ephedrine sulfate over a six-month period in 26 patients with bronchial asthma. Spirometry was done before and three hours after administration of 3 mg of carbuterol or 35 mg of ephedrine sulfate at intervals of two weeks and one, four and six months. The data suggest a cumulative improvement in pulmonary function status with continued oral carbuterol use over the six-month period. However, the clinical effectiveness of the drug on pulmonary function was not clearly distinguishable from that of ephedrine in the present study.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗