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Biomedical subjects

K Lackner

Publications and source records attributed to K Lackner.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Computer tomographic diagnosis of cardiac, pericardial and paracardial space occupying lesions].

By means of the pathological findings of 63 patients diagnosed by CT of the heart the radiodiagnostic signs of myocardial, pericardial and paracardial space occupying processes are demonstrated with emphasis on CT of the heart. In addition the electrocardiographic findings of 46 patients are compared with the CT-findings. Whereas there are no essential differences between the results of the two methods diagnosing intramural and greater intracavitary tumors, CT is to prefer at the differential diagnosis of pericardial and paracardial tumors. CT is superior to echocardiography diagnosing small intracavitary thrombi.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Importance of computed tomography in irradiation planning for the thoracic region (author's transl)].

The target volumes, anatomical distances and isodose curves in 62 patients undergoing irradiation of the thoracic region have been defined and compared for treatment planning, using an idealized transversal body section on the one hand, and computed tomograms on the other hand. 74% revealed nonconformance of the target volumes, and correction on the radiation field was therefore necessary in 62%, according to the CT-findings. Computed tomograms are superior to conventional treatment planning because they present individual body sections. Thus, deviations of the peak doses amounted to more than 10%: in the region of the mediastinum 7%, in the region of th lungs 29%, and in the region of the spinal cord 13% of the cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[CT-scanning of the lumbar spine (author's transl)].

Computertomography of the lumbar spine shows exactly shape and size of the spinal canal. CAT of Patient with chronic nerve root compression syndrom revealed mostly bony narrowness of the intervetebral notch, - foraminal entrapment -, and thickening of the laminae - laminar compression -. Following alterations were vissible by CT scanning Bony entrapment of the notch by degenerative hypertrophy of the facets. Idiopathic stenosis of the spinal canal. Developed stenosis of the spinal canal. Unilateral idiopathic narrowness of the recessus lateralis Spondylolysis. Postoperative calcification in the notch area. Prolapsed disc with and without contrastmedium Metastasis within L4 vertebra. Spondylitis tuberculosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The value of computer tomography in the staging of primary lymph node neoplasms (author's transl)].

Staging was undertaken in 118 patients with primary lymph node neoplasms; the sensitivity of computer tomography in the paraaortic region was 80%, that of lymphography 89%. Specificity of computer tomography was 93%, of lymphography 95%. In the iliac region, sensitivity was 81% (CT) and 90% (lymphography), and specificity was 90% (CT) and 97% (Lymphography). The value of computer tomography should, however, be stressed, since it can demonstrate lymph nodes not shown by lymphography, including those in the mediastinum, as well as lesions in the spleen, liver and lungs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Changes in the arteries in the hand and fingers due to vinyl chloride exposure (author's transl)].

The results of angiography of the hand in workers in the vinyl chloride industry are described. Amongst 93 patients, there were 19 on whom angiograms of the hand were performed because of Raynaud-like changes, pain or other pathological findings. All patients examined by angiography showed abnormalities in the vessels in the hands and fingers of varying severity. Vascular occlusions (17 patients), stenoses (9 patients) and thread-like narrowing of the digital arteries (6 patients) with the development of a collateral circulation, were prominent findings. In addition there was elongation and tortuosity of the digital arteries (14 patients) which were regarded as cirsoid aneurysms. The angiographic findings have been correlated with the known histological changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[ECG-controlled cardio-computer tomography (author's transl)].

During ECG-controlled cardio-computer tomography, only certain defined phases of the cardiac cycle are used for computing the image. Consequently several cycles are necessary in order to obtain the required projection. ECG-controlled cardio-computer tomography produces findings regarding dys- or akinetic portions of the myocardium which are in good agreement with the laevo-cardiogram. The septum, apex and antero-lateral wall are demonstrated most easily, since their movement lies within the appropriate plane. Demonstration of the anterior and posterior walls is more difficult, since their movement is angled to the computer tomographic plane.

Diastole↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomography in emergency diagnosis (author's transl)].

The results of 150 examinations by computed tomography in emergency situations are described (about 5% of all CT examinations). There were 80 examinations of the skull, 65 of the abdomen and five of the mediastinum. The results are shown in two tables and include the diagnosis of bleeding, infarcts and inflammatory lesions (abscesses, encephalitis, acute pancreatitis). The morphologic and densitometric findings are compared with the literature and with other imaging procedures. Computer tomography has assumed the most important place in the emergency diagnosis of the skull; as regards the abdomen, it reaches its limitations in the presence of acute vascular occlusion and diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract. In this situation other procedures (contrast studies, angiography) and endoscopy are to be preferred since these demonstrate the tubular organs longitudinally, unlike the transverse image produced by the CT scan. Acute diseases of the lungs can be demonstrated more quickly and simply by conventional radiography. CT is a non-invasive and rapid procedure, which can demonstrate haemorrhages, abscesses and exudates in the mediastinum and abdomen directly and also show their topography. The method is therefore essential for emergency diagnosis of conditions involving the trunk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The value of computer tomography and sonography in the investigation of the pancreas (author's transl)].

Three hundred and five patients were examined by computer tomography and sonography. In 117 patients no abnormalities were found in the pancreas. The accuracy of computer tomography was 87%, of sonography 85%. In 41 patients the presence of a carcinoma of the pancreas was confirmed histologically. In this group the sensitivity of computer tomography was 83%, of sonography 85%. Thirty-four patients suffered from acute pancreatitis. In this group sensitivity of the two methods was equal at 79%. 113 patients had changes of chronic pancreatitis. Sensitivity of computer tomography was 84%, of sonography 70%. Computer tomography is better at demonstrating calcification in the pancreas. Atrophy of the pancreas cannot be diagnosed by sonography.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomographic and angiographic studies of histologically confirmed intrahepatic masses (author's transl)].

The computer tomographic and angiographic findings in 53 patients with intrahepatic masses were compared. The histological findings show that 17 were due to echinococcus, 12 were due to hepatic carcinoma, ten were metastases, five patients had focal nodular hyperplasia, three an alveolar echinococcus and there were three cases with an haemangioma of the liver and a further three liver abscesses. Computer tomography proved superior in peripherally situated lesions, and in those in the left lobe of the liver. Arteriography was better at demonstrating lesions below 2 cm in size, particularly vascular tumours. As a pre-operative measure, angiography is to be preferred since it is able to demonstrate anatomic anomalies and variations in the blood supply, as well as invasion of the portal vein or of the inferior vena cava.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

[Organ volume determination by computer tomography. I. The estimation of organ sectional areas with special reference to possible errors (author's transl)].

With the aid of computer tomography it is possible to determine the volume or organs by obtaining an adequate number of CT cuts through the area of interest, and by marking the organ contours. Various sources of error must be taken into account when using this method; some of these are systematic and others accidental. In particular it must be remembered that there may be errors in obtaining cross-sectional areas from the organ contours, since these vary depending on the chosen parameters, such as window level and position. These relationships, which depend on the apparatus, are developed theoretically and confirmed by measurements. It is shown that errors depend not only on the choice of window level, but also on the shape and size of the organ and on the surrounding contrast. It follows that it is possible to introduce corrections for the cross-sectional area, but that the size and shape of the section need to be taken into account, at least to some extent.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomography of the lumbar spine (author's transl)].

The scope of computer tomography in the diagnosis of abnormalities in the lumbar spine was investigated in 100 patients with lumbar pain. Computer tomography was found to be superior to other diagnostic procedures in demonstrating bony narrowing of the spinal canal. It can be used as an alternative to myelography for the demonstration of disc prolapse.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomography of aorto-coronary bypass (author's transl)].

Computer tomography is a non-invasive method for demonstrating occlusion or patency of an aorto-coronary bypass. The early results of computer tomographic investigations of 77 bypasses in 51 patients are described. CT diagnosis of bypass patency is well established, but further work will be required to determine the accuracy of computer tomographic diagnosis of bypass occlusion.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[CT and the heart: present state of the art and its future. A review (author's transl)].

Overview of non-invasive cardiac computed tomography (CCT) presently technologically feasible--with an outlook on the future. CCT seems to be an addition to the cardiodiagnostic imaging spectrum of cardiac isotope scanning and cardiosonography already firmly established; and it will probably soon have to establish its rank. The indications for CCT already proven and those awaited in the future will be systematically analyzed in this presentation. Conventional present-day CCT with long scanning times of 3-5 seconds has already provided satisfactory clinical information, considering the fact that there is slow motion of the damaged area in myocardial disease as experimentally shown by an over 20 min long arrest of contrast-material (given i.v.) in the infarcted areas. EKG-gated scanning and reconstruction techniques under development will provide better spatial and chronological resolution. However, much development is yet to be done, it is to be expected that CCT will eventually render data about the function of a specific area of the ventricular wall. Decreased scanning times and scanning intervals will provide dynamic studies of cardiac function and allow time/concentration examinations. These latter studies will be especially valuable to demonstrate the intracavitary cardiac flow in detail.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1980

[Thorotrastosis: survey and CT pattern (author's transl)].

Following a historical survey of the discovery of late damages caused by the contrast medium Thorotrast which was commercially available from 1930 to 1951, the article reports on the possibilities of identifying Thorotrast in the computer tomogram. In a male patient aged 60 years, the size and anatomic dimensions of a hepatocholangiolar carcinoma induced by Thorotrast was determined by computer tomography 35 years after carotid angiography. Over and above this, a 20 times increased pathologic tissue density was measured in parapancreatic lymph nodes, whereas the density of tissue was only slightly increased in the liver and twice the normal value in the spleen. The sclerosing and malignoma-inducing properties of Thorotrast as well as the pathogenesis of late damages by foreign body irritation and chronic internal radiation, are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Demonstration of left-ventricular contraction anomalies with the two-dimensional sector-scanner (author's transl)].

Echocardiographic findings were compared with those obtained by cardiac catheterisation in 134 patients. Echocardiography was performed in the standard plane of the long and short axes, as well as from the cardiac apex. After dividing the left ventricle into several segments wall movement was measured in them and compared with those obtained by ventricular angiography in the right and left anterior oblique positions. It was found that in patients with left-ventricular aneurysm, proven by left ventricular angio, there was complete conformity with regard to localisation and extent of the aneurysm between the two methods of investigation. In this group 79% of the demonstrated segments could be adequately assessed and, in 91%, agreed with the radiological findings. In the group of patients without aneurysm only 68% of the segments could be adequately assessed, and 77% correctly assessed wall movement when compared with the laevocardiogram. Tracing recorded from the cardiac apex gave especially good results in demonstrating the ventricle and its segments.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Coronary calcification and luminal diameter in coronary disease (author's transl)].

Two hundred and thirty-six patients with coronary heart disease were examined by coronary angiography and laevo-cardiography. In 111 patients (47%) there was coronary artery calcification. Of these, 108 patients (97%) showed abnormal findings on the coronary angiogram; in 72 patients (67%) coronary stenosis was greater than or equal to 50% of the lumen. The severity of the stenoses increased with the amount of calcification. There were only three false positive findings and the presence of coronary calcification indicates coronary sclerosis with a high degree of probability. Fluoroscopy is the simplest and most sensitive method of examination and is of great value in the non-invasive investigation of coronary sclerosis.

Calcinosis↗