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Biomedical subjects

K L Tan

Publications and source records attributed to K L Tan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The pattern of bilirubin response to phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.

The pattern of bilirubin response to phototherapy was studied using lamps with an emission spectrum closely similar to the bilirubin absorption spectrum. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated, with increased intensity of phototherapy resulting in greater response; however, the rate of bilirubin decline progressively decreased with increasing radiance till a 'saturation' point was reached, beyond which no further response occurred with further increase in radiance, suggesting a curvilinear relationship of the nature of an asymptotic regression. At the 'saturation' point, a 24-h decline of about 50% was achieved. With extended periods of phototherapy, a gradually decreasing response to phototherapy with declining bilirubin levels was observed, both with maximal or moderate intensity phototherapy; an exponential regression was suggested. At about 5 mg/dl little further decline was observed with continued phototherapy. The rate of the 24-h decline evaluated at 6-h intervals was observed to be proportional to the bilirubin level at the start of the 24-h period.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1982

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Three cases of overt congenital cytomegalovirus infection, each with a different mode of presentation, are documented. Common features of presentation were hepatosplenomegaly, skin petechiae, neonatal jaundice and gross hepatic dysfunction. One infant presented with hydrops fetalis, a feature not described before. Two infants survived and are at present developing normally.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1982

Infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality rates in Singapore.

Infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality rates are reliable indices of the health status and delivery of health care in a country. These rates have been declining in Singapore since World War II, and presently have become comparable to those of many developing countries. The pattern has also changed; postneonatal mortality has fallen markedly, resulting in neonatal mortality accounting for 75% of infant mortality, and first week mortality for 85% of neonatal mortality. Perinatal mortality rates have also declined over the years, due mainly to a decline in the first week mortality rates though a slight fall in stillbirth rates has also occurred. Further improvements can be expected in the perinatal and neonatal mortality rates. As neonatal intensive care improves, the prognosis of the very small and feeble infants will be brighter even though the efforts required might be very much greater. Such a challenge will prove to be very exciting and stimulating, and be an impetus to the raising of neonatal intensive care to a much higher level.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and neonatal jaundice.

Neonatal jaundice and its relationship to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status of healthy, term Chinese infants was evaluated in 220 G6PD-deficient infants, 26 intermediate infants who were observed for 3 weeks, and 116 normal (control) infants. Each infant was free of isoimmunisation, cephalhaematomas, or contusions. The mode of labour, method of delivery, and type of feeds had no appreciable effect on daily bilirubin levels. "Elevated" physiological jaundice was associated with normal and G6PD-deficient status; there was no increased haemolysis. G6PD-deficient status was associated with jaundice significantly raised especially in the first week of life, and prolonged beyond that of the "elevated" physiological jaundice. Significantly increased though mild haemolysis was observed. Close surveillance is therefore required for G6PD-deficient infants at least for the first week of life, the period of increased risk. With G6PD-intermediate infants, only the usual measures for normal infants are required.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1981

Effect of phototherapy on neonatal fluid and electrolyte status.

Three groups of "healthy' fullterm infants with hyperbilirubinaemia exposed to continuous phototherapy of different intensities, increased their oral intake of milk formula by 33%, 48% and 52% and 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, irrespective of the intensity of exposure; this was significantly more than in the controls, who were swaddled. Serum osmolality and electrolyte values demonstrated no significant change from pre-phototherapy values, and were similar to those of the control group except for significantly raised potassium levels at 72 h in 2 of the 3 phototherapy groups. These raised values were, however, not dangerously high, and rapidly reverted to normal with cessation of phototherapy. The osmolality of the milk formula feeds was 272.4 +/- 8.2 (mean +/- SE) mmol/kg, potassium 27.8 +/- 1.4 mmol/l and sodium 16.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/l. Phototherapy even for 72 h does not significantly affect the fluid and electrolyte status of hyperbilirubinaemic infants fed with fairly high solute load milk formulas.

Electrolytes↗
PubMed1979

The pathology of cartilage in chondrodysplasias.

The pathology of four types of chondrodysplasias, viz., type II achondrogenesis, thanatophoric dwarfism, Saldino-Noonan syndrome, and chondrodysplasia punctata were studied. In each of these disorders, cells with features similar to the chief and dark chondrocytes of normal hyaline cartilage were seen to be altered in different ways. There was a total absence of chief cells in type II achondrogenesis. All the chondrocytes present were of one variety at different states of maturation, with the fully matured cell having features of dark chondrocytes. The absence of chief cells was associated with marked diminution of interlacunar matrix and failure of growth plate development. The chief chondrocytes in thanatophoric dwarfism appeared diminished in number. They were probably abnormal functionally as evident by their lack of cytoplasmic vacuolation and the formation of thick, occasionally branched collagen in the matrix. The growth plate was stunted and poorly developed. Striking changes involving the dark cells were noted in Saldino-Noonan syndrome, where unusually elongated dark cells were found in groups within abnormal cystic spaces. The chief cells were large and contained abnormal cytoplasmic filaments. There was no formation of a growth plate. In chondrodysplasia punctata, the chief cells were enlarged and abnormally vacuolated. The matrix showed excessive aggregates of coarse granular material. In addition, there were focal accumulations of highly abnormal chief and dark cells with abnormal matrix which contained increased amount of keratan sulphate and culminated in spotty calcification.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1979

Phototherapy and neonatal liver function.

Two groups of 'healthy' full-term infants with hyperbilirubinemia exposed to phototherapy for 72 h demonstrated no significant change in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), isocitric dehydrogenase (SICD), alkaline phosphatase (SAP), heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP), total protein and albumin values; these values were similar to those of a comparable group of control infants without hyperbilirubinemia. The bilirubin levels, however, decreased significantly during this period. In a separate group of full-term infants with hyperbilirubinemia, the bromsulphalein (BSP) test before and after 72 h of phototherapy also demonstrated no signficant alteration; the results were comparable to a control group of infants. Phototherapy, even for a duration of 72 h apparently does not seem to affect liver function in infants with hyperbilirubinemia.

Alanine Transaminase↗