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Biomedical subjects

K L Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to K L Reynolds.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bacteremia in obstetrics and gynecology.

Surveillance of all episodes of bacteremia in the four major hospitals of a metropolitan area of 400,000 population between 1977 and 1981 revealed that bacteremia was documented in only 92 patients on obstetrics and gynecology services. Death was attributed to bacteremia in only four of these patients, three of whom had severe underlying diseases. These data confirm that death due to bacteremia in present-day obstetric and gynecology practice is extremely uncommon.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bacteremia associated with decubitus ulcers.

We studied 104 episodes of bacteremia in 102 patients with decubitus ulcers observed over five years in the hospitals of one metropolitan area. The ulcers were considered to be the "probable" source of bacteremia in 49% of episodes. Another site of infection was documented in 86% of patients. Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were the most frequent blood isolates in these patients, but only Bacteroides species correlated with "probable" origin of bacteremia from the ulcers. The overall mortality was 55%, with 51% of deaths being attributed to infection. These findings emphasize the importance of decubitus ulcers as potential sources of bacteremia in hospitalized patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of 1,186 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia in non-university hospitals: the effects of antimicrobial therapy.

Over the five-year period 1977-1981, we studied 1,186 episodes of bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in the four non-university hospitals of a single metropolitan area. Overall patient mortality was 36.3%, and mortality attributed specifically to infection was 19.0%. The importance of severity of underlying disease, site of infection, microorganism, and age--previously determined to be prognostic factors in studies conducted at tertiary-care centers--was confirmed. Appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy (defined as the administration of an effective agent in adequate dose and by a suitable route of administration on the first calendar day on which blood cultures were positive) did not improve survival compared with the use of an ineffective antimicrobial agent or no therapy at all. However, appropriate antimicrobial therapy subsequent to the first calendar day on which blood cultures were positive clearly affected survival. These findings confirm previous conclusions regarding the frequency and severity of gram-negative bacteremia and the overall impact of antimicrobial therapy on this condition. These studies also suggest the possibility that the definition of optimal initial therapy in some groups of patients should be reconsidered.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of bacteremia in pediatrics practice: factors affecting mortality rates.

All episodes of bacteremia occurring in pediatric practice (birth to age 17) in the major hospitals of one metropolitan area between 1977 and 1981 were analyzed to determine current patterns of bacteremia and associated mortality. The overall mortality for 713 episodes of bacteremia was 13.6%. However, mortality attributed specifically to bacteremia, according to the criteria used in this study, was only 7.6%. Thirty-four of the 54 deaths attributed to bacteremia occurred in the neonatal period. Five deaths were attributed to bacteremia during the second and third years of life, and only three deaths were attributed to bacteremia in patients between 3 and 16 years of age. No deaths were attributed to bacteremia arising from the following sources: otitis media, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, skin infections, endocarditis, urinary tract infection or infection clearly due to vascular access devices.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia in diabetic patients: comparison of incidence and mortality with nondiabetic patients.

We determined the incidence of bacteremia and associated mortality in diabetic and nondiabetic patients in the four major hospitals of one metropolitan area over the 5-yr period 1977-1981. Mortality rates, based on episodes of bacteremia, were similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients in most instances. Diabetic patients experienced lower mortality rates from Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia compared with nondiabetic patients; this finding was explained by a greater tendency for diabetic patients to have Escherichia coli bacteremia due to community-acquired urinary tract infection. However, the incidence of bacteremia due to all microorganisms was increased twofold in diabetic patients and the incidence of Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia was increased threefold. Because of their increased incidence of bacteremia, diabetic patients in this population were nearly twice as likely to die as a result of bacteremia compared with nondiabetic patients. Thus, the frequent occurrence of bacteremia among patients with diabetes mellitus represents a significant problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validity of self-assessed physical fitness.

This study compared self-ratings of components of physical fitness with objective measures of physical fitness. We made comparisons in two groups of male infantry soldiers (n = 96 and n = 276) and one group of older male military officers (n = 241). To obtain self-ratings of physical fitness, we asked subjects, "Compared to others of your age and sex, how would you rate your (a) endurance, (b) sprint speed, (c) strength, (d) flexibility?" Subjects responded to each of the four questions on a five-point scale. Self-ratings of endurance were systematically related to three measures of aerobic capacity, including VO2max, peak VO2, and two-mile run time (r = 0.29 to 0.53). Self-ratings of sprint speed showed only weak relationships to measures of anaerobic capacity assessed by the Wingate test, push-ups, and sit-ups (r = 0.10 to 0.17). Strength ratings were systematically related to measures of maximal strength (r = 0.28 to 0.53). Upper body strength measures were more closely associated with the self-ratings of strength than were measures of lower body strength. Responses to the flexibility question were systematically related to measures of hip/low back flexibility (r = 0.30 and 0.48) but not to other measures of flexibility. Apparently, physically active subjects can approximately classify their aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and some types of flexibility.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cigarette smoking, physical fitness, and injuries in infantry soldiers.

Reliable data on the impact of physical training on light infantry units in terms of injuries and time loss are sparse. This study evaluated a light infantry unit (n = 181) prospectively and followed it throughout one year of infantry training and operations. Fifty-five percent of the soldiers (n = 101) experienced one or more injuries. Eighty-eight percent of the injuries were training-related conditions, which resulted in 1,103 days of limited duty. Lower extremity overuse injuries were the most common type of injury documented. Fractures accounted for the greatest number of days of limited duty. Risk factors for training-related injuries identified by this study were cigarette smoking, high percentage of body fat, extremely high or low body mass index, low endurance levels, and low muscular endurance levels (sit-ups). Logistic regression showed that cigarette smoking and low endurance levels were independent risk factors for training injuries. These data indicate that the incidence of training-related injuries in infantry units is high. A number of modifiable injury risk factors were identified, suggesting that many of these injuries may be preventable.

Adult↗