Flu alert: adult epiglottitis.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
K L Cooper
Publications and source records attributed to K L Cooper.
Potassium is not a treatment for constipation.
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Constipation↗
Insufficiency fractures of the sacrum.
Insufficiency stress fractures may occur in the sacrum after radiation therapy or secondary to postmenopausal or steroid-induced osteoporosis. These fractures are often either overlooked or confused both clinically and radiographically with metastatic disease. Findings on plain films and conventional tomograms are often subtle. Radionuclide bone scans show a characteristic distribution of increased uptake. Computed tomography is the definitive technique for demonstrating the fractures.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Supraacetabular insufficiency fractures.
Insufficiency fractures in the supraacetabular region were identified in five women, aged 55-83 years. Factors contributing to the diminished resistance of their bones included postmenopausal osteoporosis, steroid therapy, radiation therapy, and rheumatoid arthritis. The supraacetabular fractures were seen on routine radiographs as hazy bands of sclerosis located immediately above and parallel to the acetabular roof. All five patients had additional fractures in the spine or pelvis. Supraacetabular insufficiency fractures may be an unsuspected cause of hip pain, especially in older women.
Acetabulum↗
Giant cell tumor: ossification in soft-tissue implants.
Benign giant cell tumor of bone may be implanted into the surrounding soft tissues at the time of surgery or pathologic fracture. These soft-tissue implants may produce ossification that is radiographically visible. A review of the available radiographs of 400 cases of giant cell tumor from the Mayo Clinic and 700 cases seen in consultation yielded 17 examples of this phenomenon. In all but one case, the ossification was found at the periphery of the implant. The radiographic appearance of these implants is characteristic. Recognition of this appearance is necessary so that the tumor may be totally eradicated.
Adolescent↗
Hemangiopericytoma of bone.
Hemangiopericytoma primary in bone is a rare tumor. A review of 15 cases (five from the Mayo Clinic files and 10 from the consultation files) revealed that all tumors were unifocal and that the most common location was the pelvis (three lesions in the sacrum and two in the ischium). The series involved seven male and eight female patients whose ages ranged from 14 to 74 years. Histologically, all of the tumors were composed of cells with round to oval nuclei arranged around vascular spaces. On the basis of cellularity, nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity, four tumors were benign, two intermediate, and nine malignant. Surgery was the primary treatment for the 15 patients. Of the 14 patients with adequate follow-up, eight died of disease, three were alive with recurrent disease, and three were alive and disease-free.
Adolescent↗
A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases of large-cell (atypical) Ewing's sarcoma of bone.
A review of 347 Ewing's tumors that were seen at the Mayo Clinic during the period to the end of 1978 revealed 20 that differed histologically from the remainder. These 20--called "large-cell Ewing's tumor"--differed from the classic Ewing tumor in having larger, more pleomorphic cells, often with conspicuous nucleoli. More males than females had such tumors, and most patients were in the second decade of life. The diaphysis of long bone was commonly involved. The radiologic appearance was that of a permeative lesion. This large-cell Ewing tumor may be confused with malignant lymphoma and small-cell osteosarcoma. In the present study, there was no apparent difference in the clinical behavior of large-cell and typical Ewing's tumors.
Adolescent↗
Insufficiency stress fractures.
Bones weakened by osteopenia have insufficient elastic resistance to withstand even the minimal mechanical stresses of normal daily activity. Repetitive subthreshold injury to these susceptible bones results in insufficiency-type stress fractures. The spine, pelvis, and lower extremities are commonly affected by these fractures. Insufficiency fractures create a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and radiologists alike. The radiographic evidence of the fracture is often so subtle that it escapes detection. Conversely, findings on other studies may be so striking that they suggest metastatic disease. Insufficiency fractures are often subjected to unnecessary biopsies, and they have been treated unwittingly with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiologists are in a key position to prevent these errors. A thorough familiarity with the characteristic appearance and location of these fractures assures the correct diagnosis.
Adolescent↗
A gyroscope deviometer for measurement of strabismus.
We describe a hand-held gyroscope deviometer that an examiner can use to measure strabismic deviations without prisms. The deviometer is ideally suited for use with small children who will not allow prisms to be held near their eyes, and adults with poor fixation in one eye. The device consists of a fixation light attached to a gimbal-mounted single-axis gyroscope. The gyroscope provides the necessary reference for horizontal deviations. Gravity provides the reference for vertical deviations. As the patient observes his or her reflection with the fixing eye in a plane mirror at the end of the room, the examiner positions the corneal light reflex in the pupil of the deviating eye and presses a rocker switch to the "reset" position, zeroing the deviometer. The examiner then aims the deviometer fixation light at a reflection of itself in a plane mirror located on the wall behind the subject and presses the rocker switch to the "read" position. Horizontal and vertical deviations are displayed to the nearest degree. The accuracy of the device is dependent upon the examiner's ability to position the corneal light reflex correctly in the pupil of the deviating eye.
Blinking↗
Electrical safety: the electrically sensitive ICU patient.
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Accident Prevention↗