Living donor liver transplantation: the Hong Kong experience.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K L Chan
Publications and source records attributed to K L Chan.
[Standards for performing echocardiography in adults. Subcommittee on Echocardiography. Committee on Standards of the Canadian Society of Cardiology].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Clinics in diagnostic imaging (13). Congenital duodenal obstruction.
A newborn Chinese baby boy presented with repeated bile-stained vomiting. Plain radiograph showed a "double-bubble" shadow. Upper gastrointestinal series demonstrated, in addition to a dilated stomach, rounded dilatation of the second part of duodenum with partial obstruction. At operation, a diaphragm was found at duodenotomy over the waist of the proximal duodenal constriction. Excision of the diaphragm and transverse closure of the duodenotomy produced relief of the obstruction. The role of imaging and the surgical approach to duodenal diaphragm are discussed.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Assays for microbial contamination and DNA analysis based on electrorotation.
A new assay is described for determining the concentration and viability of waterborne micro-organisms. The method exploits the fact that when a latex bead coated with a specific binding agent is complexed to the target analyte, the analyte complex formed assumes new dielectric properties that can be monitored by its electrorotation response. This generic technology is applicable to a wide range of organism and toxicological diagnostic tests, as well as to other areas of biotechnology. An example is given of its possible application to DNA sequence analysis.
Animals↗
Susceptibility studies of Plasmodium falciparum isolates and clones against cycloguanil and pyrimethamine using the modified in vitro microtechnique.
Six clones were derived from each Malaysian Plasmodium falciparum isolate and characterized for their susceptibilities against type II antifolate drugs, cycloguanil and pyrimethamine. Results showed that these isolates were of a heterogeneous population, with average IC50 values of Gombak C clones at 0.012-0.084 microM and 0.027-0.066 microM, ST 9 clones at 0.019-0.258 microM and 0.027-0.241 microM, ST 12 clones at 0.015-0.342 microM and 0.012-0.107 microM, ST 85 clones at 0.022-0.087 microM and 0.024-0.426 microM, and ST 148 clones at 0.027-0312 microM and 0.029-0.690 microM against cycloguanil and pyrimethamine, respectively. Generally, most of these clones displayed susceptibility patterns similar to their parent isolates except ST 9/A4, ST 9/A7, ST 9/B5, ST 9/D9, ST 9/D10, ST 148/A4, ST 148/A5, ST 148/A7, ST 148/F7, ST 148/F8 clones, which were sensitive at 0.027 microM, 0.019 microM, 0.022 microM, 0.063 microM, 0.037 microM, 0.031 microM, 0.042, microM, 0.042 microM, 0.062 microM, and 0.027 microM, whereas, ST 12/D7 clone was resistant at 0.342 microM, against cycloguanil respectively. However, ST 9/A4, ST 9/D8, ST 12/D5, ST 85/A5, ST 85/B3, ST 85/B4, ST 85/D3, ST 85/D7, ST 148/A6, and ST 148/A7 clones were resistant to pyrimethamine at 0.158 microM, 0.241 microM, 0.107 microM, 0.223 microM, 0.393 microM, 0.402 microM, 0.426 microM, 0.115 microM, 0.690 microM, and 0.520 microM, respectively.
Animals↗
Clinics in diagnostic imaging (18). Multilocular cystic nephroma.
A male Chinese infant presented with the incidental finding of a left loin mass. Plain abdominal radiograph showed a large left-sided soft tissue shadow. Ultrasound and computed tomography scans demonstrated a multiloculated cystic lesion arising from the upper pole of the left kidney. Histological examination of the nephrectomy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of multilocular cystic nephroma. The differential diagnoses of infantile renal masses, the role of imaging in assessment of these masses and the surgical management of multilocular cystic nephroma are discussed.
Child, Preschool↗
Clonal diversity in single isolates of Malaysian Plasmodium falciparum.
Six clones were derived from each of five isolates of Malaysian Plasmodium falciparum and characterized with regard to susceptibility to schizontocidal drugs, chloroquine, mefloquine, and quinine. The 5 isolates were found to be resistant to chloroquine and sensitive to mefloquine and quinine. Most of the clones displayed susceptibility patterns similar to those of their parent isolate, except ST9/D8 clone which became sensitive to chloroquine, C/C10 and ST148/A5 clones which became resistant to mefloquine and to quinine respectively. This diversity in susceptibility to schizontocidal drugs would likely have been overlooked by assessment of natural uncloned isolates against antimalarial drugs.
Animals↗
Effect of 7-day daily replacement of culture medium containing Eurycoma longifolia Jack constituents on the Malaysian Plasmodium falciparum isolates.
Six Malaysian chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates were cultured in vitro following the candle-jar method. Antimalarial evaluations of daily replacement of culture medium containing chloroquine and a semi-purified extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (containing 13 beta, 18-dihydroeurycomanol (1), eurycomanol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), eurycomanol (3) and eurycomanone (4)) were performed on 6-well plates at 37 degrees C for a week. Presence or absence of the parasites was determined microscopically on thin-film Giemsa-stained preparations. Results showed that the antimalarial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack was dose-dependent and reached a maximum of < 50% at 0.07-5.00 micrograms ml-1 after 1 day post-treatment. However, complete inhibitions were observed at 1.25-5.00 micrograms ml-1 extract after 3 days post-treatment and 0.62 and 0.31 micrograms ml-1 after 4 and 6 days post-treatment, respectively. Further results indicated that chloroquine exhibited total inhibition at concentrations > 2.50 and 0.62 micrograms ml-1 after 1 and 2 days post-treatment, respectively and at all concentrations after 3 days post-treatment.
Animals↗
Arbutamine echocardiography: efficacy and safety of a new pharmacologic stress agent to induce myocardial ischemia and detect coronary artery disease. The International Arbutamine Study Group.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the efficacy and safety of arbutamine echocardiography in inducing myocardial ischemia and detecting coronary artery disease. BACKGROUND: Exercise and pharmacologic stress echocardiography are clinically accepted techniques for detecting coronary artery disease. Arbutamine is a new synthetic beta-adrenoceptor agonist developed specifically as a stress agent. Arbutamine is delivered by a new computerized drug delivery device that adjusts the rate of drug infusion according to the patient's heart rate response during stress testing. METHODS: The sensitivity of arbutamine echocardiography was determined in 143 patients who had coronary artery disease documented by coronary angiography. A subset of these patients (n = 114) also underwent exercise echocardiography. The specificity, or normalcy, of arbutamine echocardiography was determined in 54 patients considered to have a low likelihood of coronary artery disease. RESULTS: Among those patients who had both stress test results, the incidence of inducing myocardial ischemia (new or worsening wall motion abnormalities) was 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] 69% to 86%, n = 98) for arbutamine and 77% (95% CI 67% to 85%, n = 98) for exercise echocardiography. The sensitivity of detecting coronary artery disease (ischemia or rest wall motion abnormality) was 87% (95% CI 79% to 93%, n = 101) for arbutamine and 83% (95% CI 74% to 90%, n = 101) for exercise echocardiography. The specificity (normalcy) of arbutamine echocardiogrpahy was 96% (95% CI 87% to 100%, n = 52). Arbutamine was well tolerated, and there were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Arbutamine echocardiography is an effective and safe pharmacologic stress test technique for diagnosing or excluding the presence of coronary artery disease. The ability of arbutamine stress to induce myocardial ischemia, detectable by echocardiography, was comparable to that for exercise.
Cardiotonic Agents↗
Preoperative chemotherapy for mesoblastic nephroma.
A neonate with extensive stage III mesoblastic nephroma was confirmed at operation to have a tumor that was too infiltrative and too advanced for primary excision. The abdomen was closed after multiple biopsies. Vincristine (1.1 mg/m2) was given intravenously once a week for a total of eight doses. Repeat CT scan confirmed shrinkage of the tumor and a nephrectomy could be performed safely and the tumor removed at the second laparotomy. CT scan repeated 1 year later showed no recurrence. This case illustrates the effective use of a single drug pre-excision chemotherapy which allowed a nephrectomy for extensive stage III mesoblastic nephroma to be carried out safely.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Combined flexible endoscopy and fluoroscopy in the assessment of the gap between the two esophageal pouches in esophageal atresia without fistula.
The authors have used the technique of combined retrograde flexible endoscopy and fluoroscopy on two newborn babies with esophageal atresia (EA) without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). This technique accurately determined the gap between the two esophageal ends and predicted the feasibility and timing of delayed primary anastomosis. Esophagostomy was not performed, and continuous Replogle tube suction of the upper pouch was maintained during the period of waiting for 10 and 14 weeks, respectively. Gastrostomy feeding allowed satisfactory growth and development during the period of waiting for esophageal growth.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
NMR characterization of guanine DNA site alkylated by kapurimycin A3, an antitumour antibiotic from Streptomyces sp.
The kapurimycin A3-guanine adduct was formed by alkylation of the antitumour antibiotic with d(CGCG)2. The site of alkylation of the guanine was confirmed by comparative NMR studies with N-7-methyl-guanine in DMSO-d6.
Alkylation↗
Quantitative characterization of carotid atheromatous plaques using ultrasonic rf A-scan data.
Carotid atheromatous plaques are widely accepted as forming a source of emboli which may cause a transient or permanent neurological deficit. The aim of this investigation is to carry out quantitative characterization of plaque, blood and vessel walls using rf A-scan data. The ultrasonic appearances of plaque and vessel walls are visually so similar that tissue identification by clinical staff is prone to error. By computing some statistics from the A-scan waveform, tissue characterization is enhanced based on the numerical parameters.
Arteriosclerosis↗
A case of isolated pure trigeminal motor neuropathy.
Isolated trigeminal neuropathy after cranial trauma is exceptional. A 40-year-old woman was found to have unilateral trigeminal motor paralysis with muscle atrophy, unaccompanied by sensory involvement and without affecting other cranial nerves. She developed this deficit immediately after head trauma.
Adult↗
Preliminary study of the effect of aging following irradiation on the wear of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene.
Several studies have indicated that degradation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene following gamma irradiation in air adversely affects the mechanical properties of the material; however, it is not known how this subsequently affects its wear rate. Wear studies have therefore been performed on three groups of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene; unirradiated material, recently irradiated material (aged for 2 months), and aged irradiated material (aged for 5 years). The aging took place in sterile packaging on the shelf. The wear studies were carried out on a tri-pin-on-disk wear tester, with a pin from each type of material being studied in each test. In each test the wear rate of the nonirradiated material was slightly lower than the 2-month-aged, irradiated material. The 5-year-aged, irradiated material had the highest wear rate, and this was significantly greater than that of the unirradiated material (P < .05).
Acetabulum↗
In vitro antimalarial activity of quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia against Malaysian chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates.
Three quassinoids from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were evaluated for antimalarial activity against nine Plasmodium falciparum isolates obtained from patients infected with chloroquine-resistant malaria. The results indicated that eurycomanol, eurycomanol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 13 beta, 18-dihydroeurycomanol possessed antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 1.231-4.899 microM, 0.389-3.498 microM, and 0.504-2.343 microM, respectively, compared with 0.323-0.774 microM for chloroquine.
Animals↗
Effects of intraperitoneal Ringer's lactate instillation and infusion on postsurgical adhesion formation.
We compared the effects of continuous Ringer's lactate infusion and Ringer's lactate instillation on postsurgical adhesion formation in the rat model. The results show that intraperitoneal Ringer's lactate instillation reduces postsurgical adhesions. However, its efficacy is not improved by additional infusion of Ringer's lactate.
Animals↗
Quantitative characterization of electron micrograph image using fractal feature.
In this investigation, texture analysis was carried out on electron micrograph images. Fractal dimensions and spatial grey level co-occurrence matrices statistics were estimated on each homogeneous region of interest. The fractal model has the advantages that the fractal dimension correlates to the roughness of the surface and is stable over transformations of scale and linear transforms of intensity. It can be calculated using three different methods. The first method estimates fractal dimension based on the average intensity difference of pixel pairs. In the second method, fractal dimension is determined from the Fourier transformed domain. Finally, fractal dimension can be estimated using reticular cell counting approach. Moreover, automatic image segmentation was performed using fractal dimensions, spatial grey level co-occurrence matrices statistics, and grey level thresholding. Each image was segmented into a number of regions corresponding to distinctly different morphologies: heterochromatin, euchromatin, and background. Fractal dimensions and spatial grey level co-occurrence matrices statistics were found to be able to characterize and segment electron micrograph images.
Cell Count↗