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Biomedical subjects

K L Cates

Publications and source records attributed to K L Cates.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Serum opsonic activity after immunization of adults with Haemophilus influenzae type b-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine.

We measured the uptake of radiolabeled Haemophilus influenzae type b by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Haemophilus influenzae type b strains were preopsonized in individual sera from six adults immunized with type b polysaccharide vaccine (PRP) or six adults immunized with PRP covalently coupled to diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D vaccine). Serum was heat inactivated before use, and exogenous human complement was added. Of the 12 subjects, 3 had high levels of opsonic activity (greater than 40% of immune control) in their preimmunization serum. This activity did not correlate with the concentrations of anti-PRP antibody and was unaffected by absorption of anti-PRP antibody. At 1 month after vaccination, the serum of PRP-D subjects had higher opsonic activity than that from subjects who received PRP (5% serum, mean PRP-D = 86%, mean PRP = 53%, P = 0.001). After 12 months, both groups had higher serum opsonic activity than before immunization (P less than 0.02), but there was no difference between the two groups (mean PRP-D = 48%, mean PRP = 51%). In postimmunization serum, opsonic activity induced by PRP-D or PRP vaccines correlated directly with anti-PRP antibody concentrations as measured by a radioantigen binding assay. We conclude that both vaccines induce opsonic activity, opsonic activity induced by immunization of adults correlates well with the concentration of anti-PRP antibody achieved, and in preimmune sera with low concentrations of anti-PRP antibody, factors other than anti-PRP antibody contribute to opsonic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Host factors in bacteremia.

Host factors in bacteremia can be divided into nonspecific and specific immune responses. The main components of the nonspecific immune response of the host are phagocytes and complement, and those of the specific response are immunoglobulin and cell-mediated immunity. All of these factors work in concert to protect against bacteria in the bloodstream. Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy have come about as a result of growing awareness of the importance of natural host defenses in combating serious bacterial infections. Although the prognosis for patients with bacteremia has improved substantially with recent advances in antibiotic therapy and supportive care, morbidity and mortality rates remain significant. Modulation of the immune system appears to be a promising means of improving the survival rate of patients with bacteremia.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Cell-directed inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in a patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis.

A patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis and impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis is described. The patient's PMN chemotaxis was markedly decreased in the presence of autologous plasma but normal in control plasma. Cell-directed inhibitory activity was found in whole patient plasma as well as the 40% ammonium sulfate precipitate fraction of both the patient's and the control plasma. The inhibitor was heat stable, reversible, nondialyzable, eluted from DEAE cellulose with 0.005 M sodium phosphate buffer, and migrated with IgG on immunoelectrophoresis. The supernate from 40% ammonium sulfate-fractionated patient and control plasma contained a cell-directed enhancer of PMN chemotaxis that antagonized the cell-directed inhibitor activity. It is possible that the patient's chemotactic defect may be caused by imbalance between plasma factors that regulate chemotaxis.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

Neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus furunculosis.

Neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated in patients with staphylococcal furunculosis using a modified Boyden chamber assay. Neutrophil chemotactic response to Staphylococcus aureus-derived chemotactic factor was compared with response to Escherichia coli-derived chemotactic factor and zymosan-activated serum. Twenty-one patients with active furunculosis were compared with 29 patients with a history of furunculosis but no recent infection and with 29 healthy control subjects. Chemotactic response to the staphylococcal chemotactic factor was significantly higher in patients with active furunculosis (mean 61.6) than in patients with a history of furunculosis (mean 36.4) or controls (mean 31.4), P less than 0.001. Neutrophils from patients with active staphylococcal infections also had higher chemotactic activity toward E. coli chemotactic factor, but not significantly so (P = 0.09). Chemotactic response to zymosan-activated serum and background neutrophil motility was comparable among the three groups. The increased neutrophil chemotactic response of patients with active infection to bacterial factors, but not zymosan-activated serum, may represent a specific neutrophil response to products of infecting organisms. The differential response of the patients' neutrophils to these attractants supports evidence for the presence of separate categories of chemotaxin receptor on the surface of neutrophils.

Chemotactic Factors↗
PubMed1978

Neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with atopic dermatitis without infection.

Atopic dermatitis has been associated with recurrent infection and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in some patients. In order to determine if dermatitis per se could decrease polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis, we investigated chemotaxis in 13 patients with atopic dermatitis and no clinical or historical evidence of recurrent or severe infections. Most patients had extensive, but mild, disease. Leukocyte chemotaxis was measured by the Boyden chamber and agarose techniques; There was no difference between patient and control neutrophil chemoatactic activity. These findings suggest that atopic dermatitis is not ordinarily associated with impaired PMN chemotaxis in the absence of generalized erythroderma or increased susceptibility to infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinical conditions associated with defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis.

Impressive numbers of clinical conditions are associated with defective leukocyte chemotaxis. In many, this cellular dysfunction is associated with other abnormalities of the immune response, but in others abnormal chemotactic responsiveness of leukocytes is the only abnormality of function identified in the laboratory. Patients are usually selected for study because of unusually severe, recurrent infections or poor response to antimicrobial agents, and therefore a frequent association between abnormality of chemotaxis and infection would be expected. Many patients demonstrate abnormal chemotaxis during remissions as well as during infections, and there seems little doubt that abnormality of chemotaxis is related to susceptibility to infections. Partial classification of disorders of chemotaxis was attempted. Major abnormalities are found when there is a primary cellular disorder or cell-directed inhibitors of chemotaxis are found. Less marked abnormalities are found when chemotactic factors are deficient.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful autogenous corticocancellous grafting of a radial defect complicating acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in an infant.

Recurrent osteomyelitis of the radius during infancy after initial hematogenous onset is rare. When encountered, this lesion may result in a segmental defect associated with limitation of forearm motion and progressive deformity. A 10-month-old girl developed distal radial osteomyelitis following bilateral otitis media. A radial defect developed and was treated successfully with autogenous tibial corticocancellous grafting. The surgical management of radial shaft defects is reviewed.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function during otitis media.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function was evaluated in children with serous (SOM) and mucoid otitis media (MOM) and in an experimental model of acute purulent otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae using chinchillas. Twenty-three of 100 children with SOM or MOM had depressed peripheral blood PMN chemotactic, bactericidal or chemiluminescence activity. Depressed PMN chemotactic activity was observed in 17(18%) of 97 children. Children whose middle ear effusions cultured Hemophilus influenzae were more than twice as likely to have depressed PMN chemotactic activity as children whose effusions were sterile. Depressed PMN bactericidal activity was observed in seven (23%) of 30 children, and depressed PMN chemiluminescence activity was found in three (16%) of 19 children. Combined chemotactic and bactericidal dysfunction was observed in four (13%) of 30 children. All seven of the chinchillas with pneumococcal otitis media showed significantly depressed PMN chemotactic activity during the first week after inoculation, while only two of ten uninfected control chinchillas showed the same degree of chemotactic depression (P = .002). The association of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae with depressed PMN function suggested that bacterial components of these microbes might have functional similarities. Both bacteria are surrounded by capsular polysaccharides which are known to persist in mammalian tissues for an extended period. It is possible that these or other components of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae, or even host factors generated during middle ear infection and inflammation, impair the PMN response to middle ear infection resulting in delayed bacterial killing and persistent middle ear effusion.

Animals↗