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Biomedical subjects

K Kuno

Publications and source records attributed to K Kuno.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Laboratory and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in the field of pediatrics].

Laboratory and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a new carbapenem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activities of panipenam (PAPM) against clinically isolated organisms in our department were high overall. 2. After 30 minutes intravenous infusion of PAPM/BP at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg in 1 and of 20 mg/20 mg/kg in 2 children, peak plasma levels of PAPM ranged from 33.21 to 75.66 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. The half-lives were 0.81 to 0.93 hours. The cumulative urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after the start of drip infusion ranged from 10.7 to 40.4%. 3. PAPM/BP was administered to 16 pediatric patients with various infections. The clinical and bacteriological efficacy rates were both 100%. 4. No side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory test results were also mild; slight elevation of GOT, GOT/GPT and eosinophylia in 1 each and thrombocytosis in 2.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Laboratory and clinical studies on meropenem in pediatrics].

Laboratory and clinical studies on meropenem (MEPM), a new carbapenem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. The antibacterial activities of MEPM against clinically isolated organisms in our department were generally high. 2. After 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion of MEPM at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 2 children, the mean peak plasma level of MEPM was 32.7 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion with a mean half-life of 1.45 hours. The mean cumulative urinary recovery rate in the first 6 hours after infusion was 43.6%. 3. Fifteen patients with various bacterial infections were treated with MEPM. The clinical efficacy rate was 100% and the bacteriological efficacy rate was 95.2%. 4. No side effects were observed except in 1 case of mild diarrhea. Some abnormal laboratory test results were obtained, but they were mild with slight elevations of GOT and GPT in 2 cases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Therapy and clinical symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in Japan].

To investigate the long-term outcome of therapy and clinical symptoms of patients with OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) in Japan, we studied 34 patients with OSAS who had been diagnosed by standard polysomnography more than one years (36.0 +/- 19.7 months: mean +/- SD) previously. They were 53.8 +/- 10.5 years old, body mass index was 27.8 +/- 5.2 kg/m2, and AHI (apnea & hypopnea index) was 50.0 +/- 24.2/h. The subjects had achieved weight loss (p less than 0.01), but had regained their initial weight at our follow-up. Eleven patients with OSAS were initially candidates for NCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure), but only 5 patients used it for a prolonged time. The other 6 patients with OSAS could not use NCPAP because they did not wish to purchase a NCPAP instrument. One of 5 patients who used NCPAP for a long time died from lung cancer; thus, 4 patients used NCPAP continuously. Ten patients were commenced on ACZ (acetazolamide); however, only 5 patients took it continuously. ACZ resulted in some improvements in the sleep parameters (AHI index, desaturation time below SaO2 90%), but apnea & hypopnea duration and the difference in transcutaneous PCO2 between wake and sleep were not significantly improved by ACZ administration. ACZ was not as effective as NCPAP. Almost 60% of patients with OSAS had excessive daytime sleepiness. Hypertension was detected in about 60% of patients. Nine of 25 patients who had an automobile license had had more than one automobile accident. Nine patients who had had more than one automobile accident showed AHI greater than or equal to 30 in our study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

[Application of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation to a case of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy].

We applied nocturnal ventilation (NV) with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation with custom molded mask (NIPPV-C Mclermott, 1989), as well as NV with tracheostomy intermittent positive pressure ventilation (TIPPV) to a male patient with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy who had developed chronic respiratory failure at the age of 47. NV with both methods successfully corrected nocturnal hypoxemia, improved daytime arterial blood gas values, and achieved a stable clinical course without marked deterioration for four years. Daytime PaO2 higher than 60 Torr and PaCO2 lower than 70 Torr while breathing room air were maintained with both methods, whereas PaO2 was lower than 50 Torr and PaCO2 higher than 70 Torr before the implementation of NV. TIPPV was safely suspended repeatedly for as long as two weeks, maintaining daytime PaO2 higher than 50 Torr. NIPPV-C was also repeatedly suspended for two weeks. Occasionally PaO2 dropped as low as 40 Torr after periods without NV; however, it was restored to higher than 60 Torr after one or two nights' NIPPV-C. These facts suggest that NV had a restorative effect on respiratory muscle fatigue in the present case. While on NIPPV-C, nighttime SaO2 was higher than 90% for 94% of the total time, and between 80% and 90% for the remaining 6% of the time. Desaturation for short periods was thought to be due to oral air leakage, which made the method slightly less effective than TIPPV. However, the overall clinical effectiveness of NIPPV-C was comparable to that of TIPPV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis B virus X protein transactivates human interleukin-8 gene through acting on nuclear factor kB and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-like cis-elements.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a newly described leukocyte chemotactic and activating cytokine that belongs to the novel family of inflammatory cytokines whose genes locate on human chromosome 4, q12-21 region. The production of IL-8 is usually not constitutive and can be induced rapidly and abundantly in different cell types by a variety of stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha as well as a tumor promotor phorbol myristate acetate. We report here that in addition to these stimuli the IL-8 gene can also be induced by the protein X of the hepatitis B virus (HBV-X) as evidenced by the enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 production observed in HBV-X-transfected cells. Furthermore, using several deletion mutants of the 5'-flanking regulatory region of the human IL-8 gene linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene as a reporter, we have established here that both nuclear factor kB and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-like cis-elements located at -94 to -71 base pairs of IL-8 gene are essential and sufficient for the induction of the IL-8 gene by HBV-X. The same elements have been identified recently by us to be interleukin-1-, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-, and phorbol myristate acetate-responsive elements on the IL-8 gene. This suggests the existence of a common pathway for these inflammatory cytokines and HBV-X to activate the IL-8 gene. These observations might be relevant to the pathogenesis of inflammation in viral hepatitis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for binding of at least two factors, including T-rich strand-binding factor(s) to the single-stranded ARS1 sequence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To study the mechanism of initiation of eukaryotic chromosomal replication, we examined protein factors interacting with the ARS1 region located near the centromere of chromosome IV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using the gel shift assay, we found protein factor(s) which specifically bound to the T-rich strand of the region containing the core consensus and its flanking sequences in ARS1, but not to the opposite strand. We designated this factor ATS (ARS1, T-rich strand-binding factor(s]. Similar specific complexes were also detected with oligonucleotide probes specific for the H4 or C2G1 ARS. As we have previously identified another binding factor, we conclude that at least two factors bind to the single-stranded ARS1 sequence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Frequency characteristics of airway and tissue impedances in respiratory diseases.

We measured the frequency characteristics (at 10-40 Hz) of airway (Za) and tissue (Zt) impedances in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [asthmatic bronchitis (AB), chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE)] and interstitial pneumonitis (IP) by use of an improved random noise oscillation and body box method. The results were then compared with those obtained for normal subjects. The real part of Za was markedly elevated in patients with AB but only slightly elevated in those with CPE. To interpret these data we used an electromechanical analogue including serial inhomogeneity with shunt impedance. From this model we concluded that AB causes both the central and peripheral airway resistances to increase, while CPE brings about a rise mainly in peripheral resistance. In IP patients, only the imaginary part of Zt decreased, which might reflect the decrease in both lung and chest wall compliance. In CPE patients, but not in AB patients, the real part of Zt fell. These data were consistent with the assumption that the decrease in mass per unit volume of lung tissue and hyperinflation of the chest wall in CPE patients might lower the tissue resistances.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefdinir (10% fine granules) in pediatric field].

Clinical studies on 10% fine granules of cefdinir (CFDN), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Half-lives of CFDN in plasma in 3 children when administered on an empty stomach were 1.77 hours (3 mg/kg per os) and 1.47 hours (6 mg/kg per os), respectively. Eight hour urinary excretion rates of CFDN were 21.5% (3 mg/kg per os) and 16.4% (6 mg/kg per os), respectively. 2. CFDN was administered to 11 children with various bacterial infections: 1 patient with scarlet fever, 1 with pharyngotonsillitis, 3 with acute bronchitis, 3 with pneumonia and 3 with urinary tract infections. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 90.9%. 3. Loose stool was noted in 1 patient. No abnormal laboratory test values were encountered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Phase difference between chest flow and mouth flow during rest breathing in cases of pulmonary diseases].

The phase difference between mouth flow and chest flow in cases of pulmonary diseases measured using a body box was compared with those in normal subjects. Phase differences in chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE) and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) patients increased compared to normal subjects, but remained normal in interstitial pneumonitis patients (Normal: 3.76 +/- 1.71, CPE: 10.70 +/- 4.93, DPB: 10.81 +/- 3.15, IP: 3.83 +/- 0.15 degrees). In addition, there was a good correlation with FEV1.0, FEV1.0% and RV/TLC (r: -0.634, -0.610 and 0.803). The analysis of phase differences during rest breathing is clinically useful because it is non-effort dependent and can evaluate the degree of airway disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in the field of pediatrics].

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities of CPR against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were superior to those of ceftazidime. 2. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CPR at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 2 cases each were determined. Mean peak plasma concentrations of CPR at these dose levels were 33.9, 62.9 and 96.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes with plasma half-lives of 1.58, 1.69, and 2.13 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates in the first 8 hours after administration were 51.2, 78.0 and 74.9%, respectively. 3. Ten patients with bacterial infections (pneumonia 5 cases, urinary tract infection 5 cases) were treated with CPR at a daily dose of 16-79 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy and bacteriological eradication rates were both 100%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except in 1 case of mild pain in blood vessels. Abnormal laboratory test results were also mild, slight elevation of GOT, GPT and thrombocytosis in 1 case and eosinophilia in 1 case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of factors of increased phase differences between chest flow and mouth flow at rest breathing in patients with obstructive disorders].

The factors which increase phase differences between mouth flow and chest flow in patients with obstructive disorders were analyzed. From airway resistance, thoracic gas volume and measured chest flow, phase difference was predicted by the Runge-Kutta (R.K.) method assuming respiratory system to be a single compartment model. The ratio of the measured phase differences to the predicted value by the R.K. method in normal subjects was 0.99 +/- 0.25. These results suggest that a single compartment model can be applied to normal respiratory system. In contrast, predicted phase differences were remarkably higher than measured values in patients with obstructive disorders (CPE: 1.83 +/- 0.63, DPB: 1.50 +/- 0.48). This phenomenon could be explained by the existence of parallel inhomogeneity of alveolar pressure.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Single-strand-binding factor(s) which interact with ARS1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Since plasmids containing autonomously replicating sequence(s) (ARS) can transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at high frequency, ARS are considered to be the replication origins of chromosomes. To study the mechanism of initiation of eukaryotic chromosomal replication, we examined protein factors which interact with the ARS1 region located near the centromere of chromosome IV in S. cerevisiae. Using the gel-shift assay, we found protein factors which bound to a single-stranded, 97-bp fragment of the ARS1 region containing the core consensus. Competition experiments with various oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos) suggest that a site recognized by the factor(s) was within the element containing the core consensus and adjacent close matches to the core consensus of the minus strand. Indeed, when the oligo containing the minus strand of this element was used as a probe, two oligo-protein complexes were detected. Mutations in the core consensus reduced these binding activities. When the plus-strand oligo of the same region was used as a probe, a retarded band was also detected, but with less specific binding. Considering the fact that the core consensus and close matches to the core consensus are important for ARS function, these results imply that the protein factors detected in this experiment may participate in DNA replication.

Base Sequence↗