Biomedical subjects

K Kunii

Publications and source records attributed to K Kunii.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefotiam in the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluations of cefotiam (CTM) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants and following results were obtained. The drug was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak serum levels. Placental transfer to the fetus was effective. After intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion of 1-2 g of CTM, drug concentration of the umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the drug against main pathogenic organisms. By administration of the dose of 1-2 g twice a day, therefore, perinatal infections should be successfully prevented or treated. Clinically, CTM was effective in the treatment of perinatal infections. Moreover, newborn infants delivered from mothers receiving CTM treatment had drug concentrations higher than MICs of CTM against main pathogenic organisms. Blood CTM concentrations in infants, however, did not remain high very long after birth, and these infants did not exhibit any abnormalities in laboratory tests. Penetration of CTM into mother's milk was ineffective, thus the transfer of CTM from milk to newborn infants was negligible. These results demonstrated that CTM is a clinically useful antibiotic for the prophylaxis and the treatment of perinatal infections.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftazidime in perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluations of ceftazidime (CAZ) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants, and following results were obtained. The CAZ was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak serum levels. Placental transference to the fetus was good. After intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion of 1.0-2.0 g of CAZ, drug concentration in umbilical serum and amniotic fluid exceeded MICs of CAZ against main pathogenic organisms. Levels of CAZ in umbilical serum ranged 0.2-15.6 micrograms/ml after 1.0 g intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion, and 0.7-27.2 micrograms/ml after 2.0 g intravenous injection, and those in amniotic fluid were 1.4-21.3 micrograms/ml after 1.0 g administration and 2.0-27.0 micrograms/ml after 2.0 g administration. According to the above results, it is possible to successfully prevent or treat perinatal infections by twice a day administration of CAZ at 1.0-2.0 g/dose. Clinically, CAZ was effective in the treatment of perinatal infections and the prophylaxis of intrauterine amniotic infection without any side effect. Moreover, newborn infants delivered from mothers receiving CAZ treatment did not have any abnormalities in laboratory test. The penetration of CAZ into mother's milk was low, thus the transfer of CAZ from milk to newborn infants should be low. The above results demonstrated that CAZ is a clinically useful antibiotic for the prophylaxis and the treatment of perinatal infections.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Aztreonam (AZT), a new monobactam antibiotic was evaluated on clinical efficacy and bacteriological response in gynecological and obstetrical infections, and the following results were obtained. AZT was given to 22 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections at a dose of 1 g X 2 times daily and 86.4% of clinical efficacy, 45.5% of eradicated rate on diagnosis, 52.5% of bacteriological response on isolated organisms and 83.3% of bacteriological effect on cases isolated Gram-negative bacteria were assessed. Side effect incidence was very low.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The absorption and the penetration of CMNX into pelvic dead space exudate were good. The mean peak serum level after single intravenous injection was 190.8 micrograms/ml. The level in pelvic dead space exudate reached a peak of 36.6 micrograms/ml 4 hours after an intravenous injection of 1 g and 6.5 micrograms/ml after 12 hours, thus the level over MIC against main pathogenic organisms was maintained for a long time. CMNX was administered against gyneco-obstetrical infections such as intrauterine, intrapelvic, adnexal infections and postoperative wound infections with daily dose of 2 g and was effective in 11 cases out of 12 cases (91.7%), and 81.8% of bacteriological effect was obtained. No side effect was observed. From the above results the usefulness of CMNX in the field of obstetrics and gynecology was suggested.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephem antibiotic, was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The absorption and tissue penetration of AC-1370 into intrapelvic genital organs were good. The peak serum level in the uterine artery after an intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes was 49.0 micrograms/ml. High concentrations were obtained also in genital organ tissues; the maximum concentrations were 24.4 approximately 39.0 micrograms/g after an intravenous drip infusion. The changing patterns of the tissue concentrations were similar to those in the serum. The penetration of AC-1370 into intrapelvic dead space exudate was good. The level reached a peak of 35 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours after an intravenous drip infusion with 1 g and 3.7 micrograms/ml after 12 hours. AC-1370 was effective in 20 out of 21 cases (95.2%) with gynecoobstetrical infections such as intrauterine, intrapelvic infection and mammitis, administered with 1 approximately 2 g twice a day. Few side effects were observed.

Absorption↗

PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on fosfomycin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fosfomycin sodium (FOM-Na) was studied both fundamentally and clinically in the field of obstetrics and gynecology with following results. It showed good transference into the uterine tissues when given intravenously. The peak concentrations achieved in the uterine tissues following intravenous administration of 2 g of FOM-Na were 26.56 to 53.48 micrograms/g when given as one shot injection and 20.16 to 39.47 micrograms/g as drip infusion. In the serum of vein and uterine artery, peak concentrations of 163.6 to 143.40 micrograms/ml and 120 to 113.12 micrograms/ml were reached following one shot injection and drip infusion, respectively. In general, FOM-Na concentrations in the uterine tissues showed similar changes as those observed for serum concentrations. Clinically, FOM-Na was used in the treatment of 17 cases of obstetrical and gynecological infections at 2 g per dose twice daily as intravenous drip infusions. In all of these cases, good clinical efficacy was obtained. No side effects were observed.

Adnexa Uteri↗

PubMed1984

[Fundamental and clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

A combination of sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, plus cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ = 1/1) was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the results were following: Absorption and transfer into genital organ tissues were good. With the 1g intravenous injection the maximum serum concentrations in the uterine artery were 88.6 micrograms/ml for CPZ and 50.0 micrograms/ml for SBT, and the maximum tissue concentrations were 12.2-17.4 micrograms/g for CPZ and 9.8-21.4 micrograms/g for SBT. When the 2 g was administered, the maximum tissue concentrations were 11.9-26.7 micrograms/g for CPZ and 6.0-8.0 micrograms/g for SBT. These elimination showed the similar trend as their serum levels, and their tissue levels were higher than MIC80 for the main organisms. Their penetration into the intrapelvic dead space exudate was also good and showed that the peak levels were 30.1 micrograms/ml for CPZ and 17.4 micrograms/ml for SBT at 2 hours after the 2 g intravenous injection. The peak levels of 34.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ and 8.8 micrograms/ml for SBT at 6 hours after 2 g intravenous drip infusion were obtained. Their elimination was slow, and the concentration higher than MIC80 for main organisms was maintained for a long period of time. For gyneco-obstetrical infections such as adnexitis, intrauterine, intrapelvic and external genital organ infections, a daily dose of 2-4 g of SBT/CPZ produced a 100% clinical efficacy in 10 patients and a 88.9% bacteriological effect. The eradication ratio was more than 80% against beta-lactamase producing organisms. Side effects were few. The above results indicated that SBT/CPZ was useful in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on ceftriaxone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a new cephem antibiotic, was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The absorption and tissue penetration of CTRX into intrapelvic genital organs were good. The peak serum level in the uterine artery after a single intravenous injection and that after an intravenous drip infusion for 30 approximately 60 minutes, both with 1 g, were 162.5 micrograms/ml and 84.4-93.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. High concentrations were obtained also in genital organ tissues; the maximum concentration was 93.8 micrograms/g by intravenous injection and 56.3-59.4 micrograms/g by intravenous drip infusion. Changes in the tissue concentration were similar to those in the serum, the level over MIC80 against main pathogenic organisms being maintained for a long time. The penetration of CTRX into intrapelvic dead space exudate was good. The level reached a peak of 18.8 micrograms/ml 2 hours after an intravenous injection with 1 g and 13.3 micrograms/ml after 12 hours, while the level over MIC80 against main pathogenic organisms was maintained for a long time. CTRX was effective in 15 out of 16 cases (93.8%) with gyneco-obstetric infections such as intrauterine, intrapelvic, adnexal infections, and postoperative would infections, administered with 1 g twice a day. No side effects were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

[Study of cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefoperazone and cefoperazone concentrations in the exudate of the pelvic dead space].

As indexes for administration of cefoperazone (CPZ) in the treatment of gyneco-obstetrical infections, sensitivities to CPZ of important pathogenic organisms and CPZ concentrations in the exudate of the pelvic dead space were determined, and a pharmacokinetic analysis was made on the results. Sensitivities to CPZ were determined for freshly isolated organisms from gynecological material consisting of 227 strains of 7 aerobic bacteria and 70 strains of 1 anaerobic bacterium, in a total of 297 strains. MIC80 values of CPZ against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and B. fragilis were 0.39, 0.78, 6.25, 25, 50, 12.5, 12.5 micrograms/ml and 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. On the whole, these activities are relatively superior to those of other antibiotics. CPZ concentrations in the exudate of the pelvic dead space and their changes with time after 2 g single dose by drip infusion were Cmax 93.89 micrograms/ml, Tmax 1.53 hours, T 1/2 4.33 hours and AUC 759.4 hr X micrograms/ml. After 1 g single dose, they were Cmax 37.7 micrograms/ml, Tmax 3.2 hours, T 1/2 2.78 hours and AUC 339.2 hr X micrograms/ml. Similarly, after 2 g single dose intravenously, they were Cmax 111.02 micrograms/ml, Tmax 0.761 hours, T 1/2 6.22 hours and AUC 1,083.9 hr X micrograms/ml, and after 1 g single dose, they were Cmax 29.1 micrograms/ml, Tmax 2.65 hours, T 1/2 4.82 hours and AUC 296.9 hr X micrograms/ml. Similarly, after 2 g single dose intramuscularly, they were 39.4 micrograms/ml, Tmax 2.70 hours, T 1/2 8.19 hours and AUC 584.7 hr X micrograms/ml, and after 1 g single dose, they were Cmax 26.4 micrograms/ml, Tmax 5.79 hours, T 1/2 5.53 hours and AUC 435.7 hr X micrograms/ml. As indicated, there were noted dose-dependent responses and the kinetics of CPZ exudate concentrations varied with the administration routes. Whatever the dose level and the administration route were, CPZ exudate concentrations covered MIC80 values against important clinical isolates for 10 to 12 hours. This suggests that we can well expect of the antibacterial activity of this drug by any of these administration routes and dosages on the intrapelvic lesions.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1983

[Laboratory and clinical studies on latamoxef in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Latamoxef (LMOX) is a new antibiotic synthesized by Shionogi Research Laboratory. Chemically LMOX is especially unique with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the 1 position of the conventional cephalosporin nucleus, and in addition, this antibiotic has a cephamycin-like structure. The antibacterial activity of LMOX shows high potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but tends to be weak against Gram-positive bacteria. The tissue levels of LMOX in humans after intravenous injection of 1 g were examined. The levels in uterine and adnexa uteri tissue at 1 hour after administration were 25.4 and 27.4 micrograms/g respectively. LMOX was administered to 147 cases in infections of obstetric and gynecological field. The clinical effect according to disease was 94.6% for intrauterine infections, 95.0% for adnexitis, 87.0% intrapelvic infections, and 100% for external genital organ infections, making a total of 92.5%. The rate of occurrence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings was similar to or slightly less than that seen with other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its MICs against clinical isolates, transfer into uterine tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The MICs of T-1982 were measured against 397 strains of 13 species. In antibacterial activity, T-1982 was equal to CTT but inferior to CMZ against Gram-positive bacteria. Against Gram-negative bacteria, T-1982 was superior to CEZ and other cephamycin antibiotics, i.e. CMZ and CTT. The activity of T-1982 was almost equal to that of CMZ and superior to that of CTT against B. fragilis. T-1982 concentrations in various uterine tissues attained the peaks of 16.8-35.9 micrograms/g at 34 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 g, the tissue/serum ratios being 34-72%. The tissue concentrations were about 3-4 micrograms/g even at 5-5.5 hours after administration. T-1982 was intravenously administered at a dose of 1 g twice daily to 5 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections. All the cases responded to the therapy. Elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 1 case, but they returned to normal on 8 days after the therapy.

Adnexa Uteri↗

PubMed1983

[Basic and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftazidime (CAZ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The absorption and tissue penetration of CAZ into intrapelvic genital organs were good after a single drip infusion of 1.0 g for 30--60 minutes. The maximum level of 76.4 micrograms/ml was obtained in uterine artery serum at 8 minutes after administration. The high concentrations were also obtained in genital tissues; the maximum concentrations ranged from 46.8--62.1 micrograms/g at 20 minutes after administration and the levels were as high as 2.1--7.7 micrograms/g at 5 hours and 40 minutes after administration. The concentration curves in tissues were consistent with those of serum levels. The concentrations of CAZ in retroperitoneal dead space exudate were determined after intravenous drip infusion of 1 g. The peak levels ranged from 26 to 32 micrograms/ml after 30 minutes of administration and the level of 8.53 micrograms/ml was sustained even 6 hours later. Good response was obtained in cases of gyneco-obstetric infections such as intrauterine infection, intrapelvic infection and external genital infection with daily dose of 2--4 g. CAZ was effective in 13 out of 14 cases (the efficacy ratio; 92.9%). As to side effects, gastric discomfort and vomiting were observed in 1 case.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Clinical application of latamoxef during the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluations of latamoxef (LMOX) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. LMOX was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak blood levels. Placental transference to the fetus was favorable. After intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion of 1.0--2.0 g of LMOX, drug concentration of the cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the main pathogenic organisms. By administration of the dose of 1.0--2.0 g twice a day, it is possible to successfully prevent or treat uterine infections. LMOX was effective in the prophylaxis or therapy of perinatal infections. Moreover, newborn infants delivered from mothers receiving LMOX treatment having drug concentrations exceeded MICs of main pathogenic organisms however not remained more than 12 hours after birth, and did not exhibit any laboratory test abnormalities. The above results demonstrated that LMOX is a clinically useful antibiotic for the prophylaxis and treatment of perinatal infections.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefroxadine (CXD) was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology and the following results were obtained. MIC values of CXD against 55 clinical isolates were investigated, from 6.25 to 12.5 micrograms/ml for 8 strains of E. coli, 6.25 micrograms/ml for 3 strains of K. pneumoniae and from 0.39 to 3.13 micrograms/ml for 9 strains of anaerobes such as Peptostreptococcus and Peptococcus in 10(6) cells/ml. Transfer of CXD into intrapelvic organ such as uterus, uterine tube and ovary after the oral administration of 500 mg was investigated. The concentrations in the tissues of genitalia ranged from 5.84 to 7.44 micrograms/g about 2 hours later after the administration. CXD was orally given to 18 patients with infections of genital organs at daily dose of 1,500 mg (500 mg 3 times a day). The clinical response was good, and efficacy rate was 88.9%. No remarkable side effects were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of tinidazole on anaerobic infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The bacteriological and clinical effect of tinidazole (TDZ) was evaluated in 16 cases of intrauterine, intrapelvic and vulvar infection caused by anaerobic organisms and the following results were obtained. Anaerobes were detected in 16 cases, including 1 case with anaerobes alone and 15 cases with mixed anaerobes and aerobes. Eight different species and 24 strains were detected. A single species was isolated from 9 cases, 2 species from 6 cases and 3 species from 1 case. The main species detected were Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus spp. of which 9 strains (37.5%) each were isolated. Escherichia coli and B. fragilis was the most frequently occurring combination. The peak MIC values of TDZ were 0.78 micrograms/ml for B. fragilis and 1.56 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. Most other organisms were also sensitive to TDZ. The bacteriological response of the anaerobic infections to TDZ was 87.5% and overall clinical efficacy was 87.5%. Few side effects were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

BRL 25000, consisting of 250 mg amoxicillin (AMPC) and 125 mg clavulanic acid (CVA), was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Tissue concentrations The concentrations in venous serum and arterial serum of uterus, different sites uterus, oviduct and ovarium were determined. Tissue concentrations of AMPC and CVA corresponded to 45--75% and 20--50%, respectively of serum concentrations. The good responses were obtained in cases with intrapelvic infection and the overall clinical effective responses were obtained in 100% of patients. Effectiveness was found microbiologically and clinically in infections due to AMPC resistant organisms. No side effects were found.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Experimental and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The study group was organized to evaluate the usefulness of cefmenoxime (CMX) injection, a new synthetic cephalosporin, for the treatment of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Fundamental and clinical studies were made by the society and the following results were obtained. 1. The peak distribution of CMX's MIC for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Bacteroides sp. and Peptococcus sp. isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections with relatively high frequencies area 0.1, less than or equal to 0.05, 0.2, 3.13, 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, with an inoculation of 10(6) cells/ml. 2. When 1 g of CMX is administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour, the maximum concentrations in various tissues of female genital organs were as follows: 14.2 and 13.2 micrograms/g in ovary and oviduct, respectively, at 1.20 hours after the start of administration, and 16.9 and 26.3 micrograms/g in corpus uteri and cervix uteri, respectively, after 1 hour. As for the transfer to the exudate in the pelvic dead cavity, the peak concentration was 15.6 micrograms/ml after 2.13 hours. 3. In the clinical studies, CMX was given to 258 cases with female genital organ infections and others. As for the clinical effects, with exclusion of 3 cases in which other antibiotics are concomitantly used, responses were excellent in 76 cases, good in 162 cases and poor in 17 cases, among 255 cases in total. The efficacy rate was 93.3%. The efficacy rates by diseases were 97.1% (68/70) for intrauterine infections, 88.8% (79/89) for intrapelvic infections, 98.4% (62/63) for adnexitis, and 100% (23/23) for infections of external genital organs. As for the clinical effects on causative bacteria, the efficacy rates were 100% (19/19) for single infections due to Gram-positive bacteria, 94.8% (55/58) for single infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, and 88.2% (15/17) for single infections due to anaerobic bacteria. And its efficacy rates were 89.6% (69/77) for mixed infection cases. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (0.8%); 1 case with eruption, and 1 case with diarrhea and vomiting. As for abnormal laboratory findings, lower white blood cell count was observed in 2 cases and elevation of the values regarding hepatic functions in 9 cases. All cases were returned to the normal after the completion of the administration. Cefmenoxime showed a satisfactory clinical efficacy and a potent bacteriological effect in treatment of the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and it has been concluded that cefmenoxime will be useful addition to the antibiotics for the therapy of these infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

[A study of clinical application of cefotaxime in the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies of cefotaxime (CTX) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. CTX was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak blood levels. Placental passage to the fetus was favorable. After intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection of 500--1,000 mg of CTX, drug concentrations of the cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the main pathogenic organisms. By administration of this dose 1 to 2 times daily it is possible to successfully prevent or treat uterine infections. Passage of CTX into the milk of lactating mothers was minimal, suggesting that only minute quantities can possibly be transferred from the milk to newborn infants. Absorption of CTX in neonatal infants was prompt. The peak blood levels of 47.9 micrograms/ml were attained 15--30 minutes after intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg. The half-life ranged from 2.4--5.56 hours, depending on the number of days postpartus. CTX was effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of perinatal uterine infections.

Amniotic Fluid↗