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Biomedical subjects

K Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to K Kumar.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Surgical management of leprous ulnar neuritis.

An analysis of the results of neurolysis with careful anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in 17 cases of severe leprous neuritis is described. Pain and paresthesia were relieved in all patients within 48 to 72 hours after the operation. Recoverable cases showed some evidence of sensory and motor recovery within three weeks to three months, and six months of the operation, respectively. The amount of recovery was directly related to the extent and stage of involvement of the nerve. Results of prophylactic anterior transposition on the ulnar nerve in two patients with recurrent dislocation were encouraging.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Reversible nephrotoxic reactions to a combined 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol and calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid regimen in asymptomatic children with elevated blood lead levels.

One hundred thirty children aged 1 to 8 years with blood lead levels greater than 50 micrograms/100 ml of whole blood (WB) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentration greater than 250 micrograms/100 ml of WB received 207 chelation treatments for plumbism. All chelation treatments consisted of CaNa2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 25 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) 3 mg/kg per dose every four hours for five days. Seventeen children demonstrated transient doubling of pre-chelation treatment serum creatinine (less than or equal to 2.0 mg/100 ml) during or following chelation treatment; 5/17 also had mild proteinuria. Four children developed severe oliguric (greater than 250 ml/sq m/day) acute renal failure. Serum creatinine levels were elevated six to seven days after chelation treatment was started and reached maximal values of 3.9 to 8.4 mg/100 ml, three to six days later. Renal function returned to pre-chelation treatment values during the subsequent six to 18 days. In the 21 nephrotoxic patients and the 109 nontoxic patients there were no significant differences in age (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs 3.2 +/- 0.2 years), sex (61% vs 53% males), percent who received multiple chelation treatments (38% vs 30%), blood lead levels (85 +/- 5 vs 79 +/- 1 microgram/100 ml of WB), FEP (380 +/- 30 vs 382 +/- 18 micrograms/100 ml of WB), hemoglobin (11.5 +/- 0.4 vs 11.1 +/- 0.2 gm/100 ml, and pre-chelation treatment serum creatinine (0.46 +/- 0.06 vs 0.58 +/- 0.03 mg/100 ml). It was concluded that 13% of children with plumbism who received chelation treatments developed mild transient biochemical evidence of nephrotoxicity and another 3% developed acute renal failure characterized by oliguria four to eight days after chelation treatment was discontinued.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Reversible neutropenia associated with ampicillin therapy in pediatric patients.

Hematologic abnormalities associated with penicillin compounds are uncommon, and neutropenia associated with ampicillin is reported even less frequently. Neutropenia developed in three pediatric patients after high-dose (150-400 mg/kg) ampicillin therapy over a period of 3 to 12 days. In all cases, the white blood cell and neutrophil counts returned towards normal within 4 to 11 days after discontinuation of the antibiotic. Bone marrow examination revealed a maturation arrest in one and slight shift to the left in the maturation of granulocytic cells in another. Other marrow components were normal. Red blood cells, reticulocytes, platelets, and hemoglobin did not show any abnormal alteration in any of the patients. Physicians administering ampicillin, particularly in high doses, should be alert to the possible development of neutropenia; however, all reported neutropenias have been reversible.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1981

Rapid laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.

The countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and latex particle agglutination tests are rapid, do not require expensive apparatus, and are easy to perform if specific antigens and antisera are available. Both tests have been shown to be of value in the diagnosis of bacterial infections (such as those caused by H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and group B streptococcus) and of viral infections (HRVLA and hepatitis B); they may also be of value in fungal and parasitic infections. Etiologic diagnosis of commonly seen clinical conditions (such as pneumonia, meningitis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, lymphadenitis, and arthritis) by practicing physicians can be made using these tests to detect antigens in various body fluids in a hospital laboratory.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Acute renal failure in battered child syndrome.

Battered child syndrome, a not uncommon problem, may involve deep structures including the liver, spleen, and brain. While involvement of kidneys is extremely rare, such an association is illustrated by the following case which presented with azotemia and hypertension. Management should depend on the degree of renal failure and hypertension as well as the extent of any electrolyte imbalance.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics and safety of cefamandole in newborn infants.

Cefamandole, a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was administered to 23 newborn infants with pustular skin infection due to Staphylococcus aureus for an average duration of 7.5 days. All the patients improved clinically. Elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and eosinophilia were observed in nine infants each transiently during treatment. There were no abnormalities of renal functions and Coombs' test results remained negative. The levels of cefamandole in serum after either intravenous or intramuscular administration were higher and the mean life was longer than those previously reported in older infants, children, and adults.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1978

Resonance Raman-spectroscopic studies of the hapten features involved in the binding of 2,4-dinitrophenyl haptens by the mouse myeloma proteins MOPC 315 and MOPC 460.

The binding of four dinitrophenyl haptens to the mouse myeloma proteins MOPC 315 IgA (immunoglobulin A) and MOPC 460IgA was studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Isotopic substitution with 15N and 2H was used to assign features in the resonance Raman spectra of the free haptens. Changes in each of these features on binding to the proteins could then be attributed to interactions of the proteins' binding sites with either the p-NO2 or the o-NO2/amine regions of the haptens. The interactions between a given hapten and MOPC 315 IgA are often quite distinct from those between the same hapten and MOPC 460 IgA. Moreover, for both antibodies the nature of the R side chain in a Dnp-NHR (Dnp, 2,4-dinitrophenyl) compound appears to modify the interactions between the Dnp chromophore and the protein. Thus, with the haptens studied, there is no unique set of contacts between the Dnp group and the binding site. The contacts expected between epsilon-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and the site on MOPC 315 IgA, on the basis of a recent model for this site [Dwek, Wain-Hobson, Dower, Gettins, Sutton, Perkins & Givol (1977) Nature (London) 266, 31--37] were not detected. However, the contacts between this hapten and the site on MOPC 460 IgA were closer to those predicted by the model for MOPC 315 IgA.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed1977

Penetration of antitubercular drugs in clinical osteoarticular tubercular lesions.

In 79 consecutive cases of skeletal tuberculosis the concentration of streptomycin and ethambutol was analysed. The material for analysis was obtained from the diseased joints of 14 patients and from cold abscesses from spinal or osseous lesions in 65 patients. The concentration of the drugs in the serum and in the tuberculous material was measured 3 hours after the systemic administration of the drugs in therapeutic doses. The concentration was expressed as microgram per ml of the tuberculous material and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Streptomycin and ethambutol penetrated freely into the tuberculous joints; their concentration in the cold abscesses, however, was half to one third of the concentration in the serum. There was a wide range of concentrations; however, in the tuberculous joints as well as in the cold abscesses the concentrations were much higher than those considered to have an inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Resonance Raman studies in some carboni anhydrase-aromatic sulfonamide complexes.

Resonance Raman spectra of 4-sulfonamido -4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-sulfonamido-4'-hydroxyazobenzene, and 4-sulfonamideo-4' aminoazobenzene bound to various isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase were obtained by exciting into the sulfonamide absorption bands in the 400-500-nm region. In this way it was possible to obtain vibrational spectra of the sulfonamides in the active site unmasked by contributions from the vibrational modes of the protein and H2O solvent. Direct evidence was obtained for the presence of -SO2NH- in the complex, and it was possible to eliminate hydrophobic bonding and twisting in the Ph--N==N--Ph bonds as sources of the observed spectral changes. No detectable differences were found in the spectra of 4-sulfonamido-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene bound to human carbonic anhydrase B and C or between these and the spectra of the sulfonamide bound to bovine carbonic anhydrase or Co(II) human carbonic anhydrase B. A new band appears in the spectra of the bound sulfonamides, and this is interpreted in terms of a change in geometry about the sulfonamido sulfur atom. A possible explanation for this change in geometry is that the bound sulfonamide group closely mimics the transition state of the reactants in the reversible hydration of CO2. Sulfonamide binding at pH 12.0 was not detected in the resonance Raman spectrum. Sulfonamide replacement of CN- in the binding site occurred over a period of minutes and could be monitored in the resonance Raman spectra.

Animals↗