Biomedical subjects

K Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to K Kudo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Characterization of the functional subunit combination of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

The combination of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) subunits connecting with the secretion of catecholamines in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was pharmacologically investigated using selective agonists and antagonists for their nAChRs. The EC(50) values (microM) for the agonists that stimulate the catecholamine secretion and the rank order were as follows: nicotine (3.3)> or =1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (3.5) > (E)-N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3-butene-1-amine (14) > cytisine (23) > or =acetylcholine (25). However, because both the rank order and the EC(50) values differed considerably from those in the various subunits' combinations expressed in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cells (e.g. alpha2beta2, alpha3beta4, alpha4beta4, etc.), we could not compare them. On the other hand, the IC(50) values (microM) for the antagonists that inhibit the secretion and the rank order were mecamylamine (0.08) > alpha-conotoxin-MII (alpha-CTX-MII) (0.71) > dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) (48) > alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) (no effect). Mecamylamine is a highly selective antagonist for alpha3beta4 nAChRs, and alpha-CTX-MII and alpha-BTX are specific antagonists for alpha3beta2 and alpha7 nAChRs, respectively. DHbetaE is a selective antagonist for the alpha4beta2. It has already been shown that the mRNAs for alpha3, alpha5, alpha7 and beta4 subunits are expressed in the chromaffin cells. Therefore, the subunit combination of nAChRs associated with the catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells is suggested to be at least alpha3beta4 or alpha3beta4alpha5. Further, the results indicate that the utilization of the nicotinic agonists as selective ligands for the subunit combination of nAChRs may be not suitable for the characterization of nAChRs.

Adrenal Medulla↗

PubMed2001

Characterization of ginseng saponin ginsenoside-Rg(3) inhibition of catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Since ginsenoside-Rg(3), one of the panaxadiol saponins isolated from the ginseng root, significantly inhibited the secretion of catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), the properties of ginsenoside-Rg(3) inhibition were investigated. Although ginsenoside-Rg(3) inhibited the secretion evoked by ACh in a concentration-dependent manner, it affected the secretion stimulated by high K(+) or veratridine, an activator of the voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) or Na(+) channels, only slightly. The ACh-induced Na(+) and Ca(2+) influxes into the cells were also reduced by ginsenoside-Rg(3). The inhibitory effect of this saponin on the secretion of catecholamines was not altered by increasing the external concentration of ACh or Ca(2+). The ACh-evoked secretion of catecholamines was completely restored in cells that were preincubated with 10 microM ginsenoside-Rg(3) and then incubated without the saponin, whereas secretion was not completely restored in cells that were preincubated with 30 microM of this compound. Above 30 microM ginsenoside-Rg(3) increased the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene in the cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside-Rg(3) at 30 microM on the ACh-evoked secretion of catecholamines was dependent upon the preincubation time, but this was not the case at 10 microM. These results strongly suggest that ginsenoside-Rg(3) blocks the nicotinic ACh receptor-operated cation channels, inhibits Na(+) influx through the channels, and consequently reduces both Ca(2+) influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. In addition to this action, the ginsenoside at higher concentrations modulates the fluidity of the plasma membrane, which probably contributes to the observed reduction in the secretion of catecholamines.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed2001

Sensitive and simple determination of mannitol in human brain tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A simple, reliable and sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was devised to determine the level of mannitol in various human brain tissues obtained at autopsy. Mannitol was extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid solution which effectively precipitated brain tissues. The supernatant was washed with tert.-butyl methyl ether to remove other organic compounds and to neutralize the aqueous solution. Mannitol was then derivatized with 1-butaneboronic acid and subjected to GC-MS. Erythritol was used as an internal standard. For quantitation, selected ion monitoring with m/z 127 and 253 for mannitol and m/z 127 for internal standard were used. Calibration curves were linear in concentration range from 0.2 to 20 microg/0.1 g and correlation coefficients exceeded 0.99. The lower detection limit of mannitol in distilled water was 1 ng/0.1 g. Mannitol was detected in control brain tissues, as a biological compound, at a level of 50 ng/0.1 g. The precision of this method was examined with use of two different concentrations, 2 and 20 microg/0.1 g, and the relative standard deviation ranged from 0.8 to 8.3%. We used this method to determine mannitol in brain tissues from an autopsied individual who had been clinically diagnosed as being brain dead. Cardiac arrest occurred 4 days later.

Autopsy↗

PubMed2001

Fractal correlation of initial trajectory dynamics vanishes at the movement end point in human rapid goal-directed movements.

Many researchers have investigated the variability of discrete goal-directed movements. However, a possible time-dependent property for them has been ignored. We investigated the time-dependent property of the kinematic variability in human rapid goal-directed movements by using fractal analysis. The variability of the peak acceleration had fractal time correlation characterized by a non-negligible frequency-spectral exponent (beta=0.3). This beta value was reduced at the peak velocity (beta=0.2) and nearly reached zero at the peak movement amplitude, indicating that the variability became white noise with no time correlation. A similar result was observed in the progress of the positional trajectory. The functional significance of this phenomenon for the goal-directed task demand is discussed.

Acceleration↗

PubMed2001

Prevention of irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced diarrhea by oral alkalization combined with control of defecation in cancer patients.

It has been reported that 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11) and its active metabolite, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38), have absorption characteristics of weakly basic drugs, suggesting that alkalization of the intestinal lumen might reduce reabsorption and its attendant side effects. Furthermore, stasis of stools containing these compounds is thought to induce damage to the intestinal mucosa. The prevention of CPT-11-induced side effects by oral alkalization (OA) combined with control of defecation (CD) was estimated in a case-control study of lung cancer patients. Coinciding with day 1 of CPT-11 infusion and for 4 days thereafter, OA and CD were practiced utilizing orally administered sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, basic water and ursodeoxycholic acid. OA involved the daily use of all four therapeutics, and CD required doses of up to 4.0 g/day of magnesium oxide and 2 L/day of excess basic water. From three ongoing prospective phase I/II studies, we selected 37 consecutive patients who were treated with CPT-11 in combination with cisplatin in the presence of OA and CD (group B). Thirty-two control subjects who were matched to the background characteristics of the case patients were treated with the same regimen in the absence of OA and CD (group A). Toxicities induced by the CPT-11/cisplatin combination were evaluated and analyzed in group A and group B in a case-control format. The use of OA and CD resulted in significantly higher stool pH (p < 0.0001), while reducing the incidence of delayed diarrhea (> or = grade 2: group A 32.3% versus group B 9.4%; p = 0.005), nausea (p = 0.0001), vomiting (p = 0.001) and myelotoxicity, especially granulocytopenia (p = 0.03) and lymphocytopenia (p = 0.034). In addition, dose intensification was well tolerated in patients receiving OA and CD, allowing dose escalation from 35.6 +/- 6.0 to 39.9 +/- 5.6 mg/m(2)/week (p < 0.001). Tumor response rates for non-small cell lung cancer were 59.3% (16/27 patients) in group B compared with 38.5% (10/26 patients) in group A. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of CPT-11-induced delayed diarrhea greater than grade 2 was associated with OA and CD (odds ratio for delayed diarrhea, 0.14 with use of OA and CD; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.4; p = 0.0002) and age (odds ratio, 1.08 per increase in age; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.15; p = 0.009). OA and CD appear to be useful in preventing the dose-limiting side effects of CPT-11 noted in clinical practice, mainly nausea, vomiting, granulocytopenia and especially delayed diarrhea. Risk factors statistically associated with delayed diarrhea include advanced age and the use of CPT-11 without OA and CD.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Characterization of hyaluronidase isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (Southern Copperhead) venom.

Snake venoms are a rich source of enzymes including many hydrolytic enzymes. Some enzymes such as phospholipase A2, proteolytic enzymes, and phosphodiesterases are well characterized. However many enzymes, such as the glycosidase, hyaluronidase, have not been studied extensively. Here we describe the characterization of snake venom hyaluronidase. In order to determine which venom was the best source for isolation of the enzyme, the hyaluronidase activity of 19 venoms from Elapidae, Viperidae, and Crotalidae snakes was determined. Since Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom showed the highest activity, this venom was used for purification of hyaluronidase. Molecular weight was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy and was found to be 59,290 Da. The molecular weight value as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 61,000 Da. Substrate specificity studies indicated that the snake venom enzyme was specific only for hyaluronan and did not hydrolyze similar polysaccharides of chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate A (chondroitin 4-sulfate), chondroitin sulfate B (dermatan sulfate), chondroitin sulfate C (chondroitin 6-sulfate), chondroitin sulfate D, chondroitin sulfate E, or heparin. The enzyme is an endo-glycosidase without exo-glycosidase activity, as it did not hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide or p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. The main hydrolysis products from hyaluronan were hexa- and tetrasaccharides with N-acetylglucosamine at the reducing terminal. The cleavage point is at the beta1,4-glycosidic linkage and not at the beta1,3-glycosidic linkage. Thus, snake venom hyaluronidase is an endo-beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase specific for hyaluronan.

Agkistrodon↗

PubMed2001

Asymmetric activation of chiral alkoxyzinc catalysts by chiral nitrogen activators for dialkylzinc addition to aldehydes: super high-throughput screening of combinatorial libraries of chiral ligands and activators by HPLC-CD/UV and HPLC-OR/RIU systems.

Asymmetric catalysts, prepared by chiral ligand exchange or chiral modification, can evolve further into highly activated catalysts through engineering with chiral activators. Two new methodologies for "super high-throughput screening" (SHTS) of chiral ligands and activators have been developed as a combination of HPLC-CD/UV (CD/ UV = circular dichroism/ultraviolet spectroscopy) or -OR/RIU (OR/RIU = optical rotation/refractive index unit) with a combinatorial chemistry (CC) factory. With these techniques, the % ee of the product is determined within minutes without separation of the enantiomeric products by using a nonchiral stationary phase. Therefore, those SHTS techniques combined with our 'asymmetric activation' concept can provide a powerful strategy for finding the best activated chiral catalyst.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Blood concentrations of tetracaine and its metabolite following spinal anesthesia.

Blood concentrations of tetracaine and its metabolite, p-butylaminobenzoic acid, were measured after spinal anesthesia with tetracaine which had been administered to patients under going orthopedic surgery. Tetracaine, an ester anesthetic, was given to 10 patients, the dose was 8-14mg, and blood samples were collected 1, 2 and 6h after the injection of tetracaine. We used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for purposes of analysis. Tetracaine was not detected in any blood sample, but the metabolite was detected in each sample with the mean concentrations of 126.5, 97.9 and 43.3ng/ml at 1, 2 and 6h, respectively. This data will be useful in determination of the cause of death after spinal anesthesia with tetracaine.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗

PubMed2001

High sensitivity of PCR in situ hybridization for the detection of human papillomavirus infection in uterine cervical neoplasias.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed in order to examine whether the sensitivity of PCR in situ hybridization (PISH) is superior to that of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunocytochemical staining (ICS) in detecting the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in uterine cervical neoplasias. METHODS: Three cell specimens were obtained from every 54 patients who had been histologically and cytologically diagnosed as severe dysplasia of the uterine cervix (SD), carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix (CIS), or microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix (MIC). All of them were first stained by the Papanicolaou (pap) method before the experiments. After specimens were classified into SD (n = 17) and CIS/MIC groups (n = 37), the sensitivities of detection for HPV infection were compared among PISH, FISH, and ICS methods which had been carried out after decolorization of the pap stain. RESULTS: In the SD group, PISH demonstrated a 58.8% positive incidence of HPV, which was significantly higher than that (23.5%) shown by FISH (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positivities of HPV between the PISH and ICS (47.1%) methods. In the CIS/MIC group, PISH, FISH, and ICS showed 73.0, 43.2, and 54.1% positive incidences of HPV, respectively. There was significant difference in HPV positivities between PISH and FISH as well as ICS (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The total frequency of the detection of HPV infection by PISH was significantly higher than that by FISH (P < 0.01) and high with a marginal significance compared to that by ICS (P = 0.051). Moreover, the morphologic change of a single cell and the HPV-positive signals could be observed simultaneously by the PISH technique. CONCLUSION: Because PISH possesses high sensitivity for the detection of HPV infection in morphologically intact cells from uterine cervical neoplasia, the PISH technique might have promising potential for application to the detection of HPV presence in situ in screening.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Forensic significance of concentrations of ethanol in brain tissues following induced acute subdural hemorrhage.

The concentrations of ethanol in peripheral blood, subdural hematomas and various regions of the brain were determined 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the induction of a hemorrhage into a subdural space in the right temple of rabbits. The concentrations were compared to cases of intravenous administration of ethanol-free i.v. fluid. Concentrations of ethanol in the subdural hematomas gradually decreased to correspond to those in the peripheral blood. The influence of an intravenous infusion of ethanol-free i.v. fluid was not observed. Concentrations in the brain of the right temporal, parietal and frontal lobes were high and those in the right temporal lobe were maintained during the 6 h of our experiment. Therefore, to determine if a human victim was under the influence of ethanol at the time of injury, we recommend that brain concentrations of ethanol be determined. This is apparently the first study to confirm that the estimation of ethanol in the brain provides a more accurate determination of how much ethanol had been ingested.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Identification of reddish alcoholic beverages by GC/MS using aroma components as indicators.

A method to identify reddish alcoholic beverages used for dissolving stimulant drugs was devised using aroma components as indicators. Thirteen brands of beverages including red wines, blueberry liquors, raspberry liquors, strawberry liquor, a mixture of red wine and blueberry juice and a mixture of red wine and grape juice were examined. Aroma components in each sample were effectively concentrated with a porous polymer beads column (Porapak Q) and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Specific aroma components were detected in each beverage and reddish alcoholic beverages were successfully classified into five groups using five aroma components as indicators. The present method should prove to be useful in criminal investigations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Correlation between HHV-6 infection and skin rash after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We investigated whether a causal relationship exists between human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and skin rash resembling acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Isolation of HHV-6 was used to monitor active HHV-6 infection in this study. We analyzed 25 episodes of skin rash in 22 recipients. All recipients were seropositive for HHV-6 before BMT. The onset of skin rash started prior to 30 days post transplantation (group A) in 15 of 25 cases, but after that (group B) in the remaining 10 cases. Twenty-five skin tissue samples were obtained from 22 recipients. The HHV-6 genome was detected in four of 15 skin samples from group A, but not detected in those from group B. HHV-6 was isolated from 11 of 22 recipients around 2 to 3 weeks after BMT (range 14 to 28 days after BMT). HHV-6 was isolated at a time between 10 days before and after the onset of skin rash (skin rash-related viremia) in nine cases in group A. Meanwhile, no skin rash-related viremia was observed in group B. Of the four recipients with positive detection of HHV-6 genome in their skin tissue (group A), two had HHV-6 viremia at the same time. The association between the timing of HHV-6 infection and the onset of skin rash was analyzed statistically. HHV-6 viremia (skin rash-related viremia) was found in nine of 15 (60%) cases in group A, compared with none of 10 (0%) cases in group B. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.008). Moreover, HHV-6 infection (skin rash-related viremia and/or positive detection of HHV-6 DNA in skin tissue) was demonstrated in 11 of 15 (73.3%) cases in group A, compared with none of 10 (0%) cases in group B (P = 0.001). Thus, this study suggests that HHV-6 may be involved in the development of skin rash in the first month after allogeneic BMT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Unrelated donor marrow transplantation in children with severe aplastic anaemia using cyclophosphamide, anti-thymocyte globulin and total body irradiation.

We report a favourable outcome in 15 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) who were < 20 years of age and who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donor. All patients were non-responders to intensive immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and were multiply transfused. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d, on d -4 and -3), anti-thymocyte globulin (2.5 mg/kg/d, on d -5 to -2) and total body irradiation (2.5 Gy x 2/d, on d -2 and -1). Patients received cyclosporine and methotrexate for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), except for the last four who received tacrolimus instead of cyclosporine. Donor/recipient pairs were identical for HLA class I and II antigens by serological typing, but four pairs were found to have a mismatch at the HLA-A, -B or -DRB1 locus by high-resolution typing. All patients achieved rapid engraftment and are alive at 2-86 months after transplantation (median follow-up, 51 months). Moderate to severe acute GVHD occurred in 5 out of 15 patients (33%); only one patient developed extensive chronic GVHD. Considering our encouraging results, unrelated donor transplantation for SAA is recommended as a salvage therapy in non-responders to IST.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Prospective monitoring of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction after allogenic stem cell transplantation.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is a serious complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To clarify the frequency, natural course and risk factors for LPD, we prospectively monitored 38 allogeneic (allo)-HSCT patients, focusing on the use of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). We used a recently developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to monitor EBV genome load. The subjects consisted of 19 patients given ATG for conditioning and 19 patients not given ATG. Of the 19 patients given ATG, 47.4% (nine patients) had a significant increase in EBV genome load (10(2.5) copies/microg DNA). Of these nine patients, two developed LPD. Therefore, 10.5% of the patients receiving allo-HSCT with ATG developed LPD. In contrast, none of the 19 patients without ATG had a significantly increased EBV load. The increases in viral load were observed in the second or third month after HSCT. We found that the peak viral loads of LPD patients were > 10(4.0 ) copies/microg DNA. On the other hand, the viral loads of most patients with no symptoms were < 10(2.5) copies/microg DNA. In conclusion, routine monitoring of EBV load during the second and third months after transplantation may benefit patients undergoing HSCT with ATG. We propose that an EBV load > 10(2.5) copies/microg DNA is the reactivation of EBV, and that an EBV load > 10(4.0) copies/microg DNA is indicative of developing LPD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Caregiver depression predicts early discontinuation of care for disabled elderly at home.

This longitudinal study investigates the caregiving experiences among Japanese caregivers who provided informal care at home for disabled elderly between 1998 and 1999. Forty-seven caregivers of the impaired elderly continued caregiving at home in Matsuyama Town, a rural area of northern Japan, while 18 caregivers discontinued it. The mean score of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 1998 among those who gave up caregiving was significantly higher than that of those who continued caregiving, indicating that depression predicts early discontinuation of care in the home. This is one of the few studies in Japan to suggest that initial caregiver depression is a factor in the decision to terminate care for the disabled elderly at home.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Chemokine receptor expression profile of eosinophils at inflamed tissue sites: Decreased CCR3 and increased CXCR4 expression by lung eosinophils.

BACKGROUND: To date, most studies dealing with eosinophil chemokine receptors have used eosinophils isolated from peripheral blood. During the movement of eosinophils from the peripheral blood to inflamed tissue sites, microenvironmental signals might alter their expression of chemokine receptors. However, little is known about the profile of expression of chemokine receptors by eosinophils at inflamed tissue sites in human beings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether eosinophils that have migrated into inflamed tissues exhibit a profile of chemokine receptor expression that is qualitatively and/or quantitatively different from that of eosinophils in peripheral locations. METHODS: We studied simultaneously the expression and function of chemokine receptors in eosinophils in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood specimens of 7 patients with eosinophilic lung diseases. RESULTS: De novo expression of CCR2, CCR4, and CCR5 was not detected at either the protein or the mRNA level. However, surface expression of CCR3 was decreased and CXCR4 was conversely increased with statistical significance in BALF eosinophils. Moreover, the changes in CCR3 and CXCR4 expression were reflected in the altered migratory response to their ligands. On the other hand, the levels of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, and CCR1 were virtually unchanged in BALF eosinophils, and these receptors did not have functional significance. CONCLUSION: Eosinophils at inflamed tissue sites exhibited an expression profile qualitatively similar to that in peripheral locations, except for decreased CCR3 and increased CXCR4 expression. Our results suggest that CCR3 is primarily and CXCR4 is cooperatively involved in eosinophil accumulation at inflamed tissue sites.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Treating chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible with saucerization and autogenous bone grafting.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible is a difficult-to-treat disease characterized by recurrent symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of particulate cancellous bone and marrow grafting after saucerization in the surgical treatment of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible. STUDY DESIGN: Six patients with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible were treated by particulate cancellous bone and marrow grafting after saucerization and were retrospectively evaluated. Treatment results were evaluated with repeated comprehensive clinical investigation and radiologic/scintigraphic analysis. RESULTS: After the surgical procedure, all patients indicated maintenance of mandible continuity, contour, and function. Furthermore, 3 patients were symptom-free and the remaining 3 patients exhibited improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The partial resection of the mandible is associated with disadvantages, including loss of mandibular support, dysfunction, and problems related to mandibular reconstruction. Therefore, it would be reasonable to choose saucerization combined with particulate cancellous bone and marrow grafting, which is a relatively conservative surgical treatment for chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Relationship between serum TNF activity and insulin resistance in dairy cows affected with naturally occurring fatty liver.

To clarity the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and insulin resistance in dairy cows affected with fatty liver, naturally occurring cases were investigated. The affected cows were classified into following three groups according to histopathologic findings of the liver: mild fat droplet deposition (group 1; n=11), severe fat droplet deposition (group 2; n=10), and cloudy swelling (group 3; n=8). Serum TNF activities in Group 2 (8.67 +/- 2.16 U/ml) and Group 3 (11.65 +/- 1.92 U/ml) were significantly higher than that in Group 1 (3.57 +/- 0.81 U/ml) (p<0.05). The insulin-tolerance tests showed that the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates (GDR) in Group 2 (27.6 +/- 7.8%) and Group 3 (15.8 +/- 9.1%) were significantly lower than that in Group 1 (41.7 +/- 9.8%). There was a significant negative correlation between serum TNF activity and GDR in affected cows (r=-0.56, p<0.01). These results indicate that serum TNF activity is correlated with insulin resistance in cows with fatty liver.

Animals↗