Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to K Kudo.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefotetan in respiratory tract infections].

Seventy five patients with respiratory infections, including 40 cases of acute pneumonia, 33 cases of secondary infection after chronic pulmonary diseases and 2 cases of pulmonary abscess, were treated with cefotetan (CTT, Yamatetan) by drip infusion in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy. The overall rate of effectiveness was 83.8%. CTT was examined comparatively with other beta-lactam antibiotics for antibacterial activity on clinically isolated strains of 3 major respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of CTT on H. influenzae were less than 3.13 micrograms/ml regardless of the production of beta-lactamase by these organisms. As to B. catarrhalis, CTT also exerted an antibacterial activity enough to control the proliferation of all the strains at a level of 1.56 micrograms/ml. Against S. pneumoniae, on the other hand, CTT exhibited the lowest activity of all the drugs tested but still showed MIC's of 3.13 micrograms/ml or less. Drip infusion of CTT at a dose of 2 g brought about an average maximum blood concentration of 342 +/- 25.7 micrograms/ml and an average half-life in blood of 2.48 +/- 0.41 hours Maximum sputum concentration of the drug, however, was variable among the cases tested, ranging from 0.40 to 1.80 micrograms/ml. Side effects of the drug were observed in 5 cases or 6.7%. Four of them had some allergic symptoms; i.e., pyrexia and eruption. One patient was especially diagnosed as possible drug-induced interstitial pneumonia during the treatment with the drug. The diagnosis was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy and lymphocyte blastogenesis by CTT in vitro. As to abnormal laboratory findings, blood transaminases were elevated during drug administration in 13 cases or 17.3%, but were reduced back to the normal level after the withdrawal of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Increased vascular reactivity induced by essential fatty acid deficiency in rat autoperfused hindquarters.

The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) on vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli were studied in rat autoperfused hindquarters. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 21 days) were fed diets containing 8% (weight/weight) of stearax plus 2% safflower oil (control diet) or 10% stearax (EFAD diet) for 8 weeks. There was no difference in systemic blood pressure or body weight between the two groups. Basal production of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by aortic segments was much less in EFAD aortae than in control aortae. In contrast, immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha produced by incubating aortic segments with exogenous arachidonic acid (12 mumol/l) was much greater in EFAD aortae than in control aortae. Moreover, conversion of [14C]-arachidonate to [14C]-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was more pronounced in EFAD aortae than in control aortae. Vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (0.01-1.0 mumol/l) and angiotensin II (0.001-1.0 mumol/l) infused into the blood perfused hindquarters were then examined. The rats on the EFAD diet were more sensitive to both noradrenaline and angiotensin II than rats on the control diet (P less than 0.05, two-way ANOVA). Thus, a deficiency of essential fatty acids can lead to increased vascular sensitivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli. Deficiency of arachidonic acid in phospholipid stores is also accompanied by augmented cyclo-oxygenase activity in the vessel wall, similar to that observed previously in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and rats with one kidney renovascular hypertension.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1988

5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, a potent regulator of cholesterol metabolism: occurrence in rat skin.

5 alpha-Cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis which has significant hypocholesterolemic activity upon oral administration to animals. Described herein are the results of experiments that indicate the presence of the 15-ketosterol in rat skin. The 15-ketosterol was, after purification by medium pressure liquid chromatography on Lichroprep RP-8 columns, thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, characterized by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the form of its trimethylsilyl ether derivative. The use of an internal standard containing both tritium and deuterium permitted the determination of the levels of the 15-ketosterol by mass fragmentography. The results of five separate analyses of portions of the skin of a male Sprague Dawley rat showed a mean value of 84.5 +/- 4.1 (SEM) ng per g. Analyses of hair samples of ten male Sprague Dawley rats indicated a mean level of 143 +/- 19 (SEM) ng per g of hair. Most (approximately 72%) of the 15-ketosterol in hair was esterified. This report constitutes the first isolation of the 15-ketosterol from animal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Extractive alkylation and gas chromatographic analysis of sulfide.

A sensitive analysis of sulfide in blood was established, using an extractive alkylation technique. Pentafluorobenzyl bromide was used as the alkylating agent, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride as the phase-transfer catalyst, and potassium dihydrogenphosphate as the buffer to suppress the formation of sulfide. Mass fragmentography was used to identify the sulfide derivative and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used for quantitative determination, with the lowest limit of detection being about 0.01 microgram/g. The blood level of rats exposed to hydrogen sulfide was also determined.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1987

Screening of volatile compounds present in human blood using retention indices in gas chromatography.

The retention index in gas chromatography was introduced to screen volatile compounds in blood. Sixty-one organic compounds with high volatility were determined using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and a packed column system with 10% OV-17. Porapak P was used as a supplementary column for determining alcohol. Detection limits were determined for several substances. This method was used to analyse blood samples obtained at autopsy from patients suspected of solvent abuse. This approach proved to be superior to conventional gas chromatography in that mixed unknown volatiles in the blood could be identified simply and rapidly.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Primary malignant melanomas of the oral mucosa.

7 patients with primary malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa treated during the past 15 years by extensive resection, and simultaneous neck dissection in 3 of them, are reported. 4 patients died. However, most of the patients stayed alive relatively long postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical course and evaluation of shape and function after reconstruction using various pedicle flaps for oral and maxillofacial defects.

In the past 7 years, reconstruction using various pedicle flaps for oral and maxillofacial defects, was carried out for 40 patients. Pectoralis major myocutaneous, deltopectoral and scalp-forehead flaps for large defects, and sternocleidomastoid, cervical island skin and palatal flaps for moderate defects were indicated. As for results, most of the flaps used at the reconstructed site for the defects of soft tissue repaired the shape and patients were satisfied. However, the recovery of functions concerning speech, swallowing or mastication was not always successful with the larger defects, especially after the reconstruction for defects of tongue, floor of the mouth, cheek and mandible for which mandibular reconstruction was performed. It was pointed out that the main causes for less tongue mobility were due to scar contracture after reconstruction, and difficulty of mandibular reconstruction due to postoperative infection were associated factors. Accumulated survival rate of patients for 5 years was 62.6%, in which 38 advanced malignant tumors were reconstructed following surgery. In the clinical course after reconstruction, patients with primary tumors experienced much better results than those with secondary tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of arachidonate deficiency on endothelium-dependent vascular reactions.

1. The release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), which appears to be impaired in vessels chronically exposed to hypertension, may involve mobilization of arachidonate from phospholipids. In this study the effects of arachidonate deficiency on endothelium-dependent responses were examined in rat isolated aorta. 2. Weanling rats were fed an essential fatty acid-deficient (EFAD) diet for 8 weeks which reduced plasma and aortic phospholipid arachidonate content from 17 to 1.8% and from 21 to 8%, respectively. After this time the rats were killed and the reactivity of aortic rings was studied in organ baths. 3. In aortic rings from control rats the concentration-response curves for the contractile action of phenylephrine were shifted to the left 3.5-fold by removal of the endothelium, and the maximum was not altered. 4. In contrast, in EFAD rings with endothelium, the maximal vasoconstriction to phenylephrine was less than in control rings, and removal of the endothelium increased the maximum (from 1.9 +/- 0.2 to 3.2 +/- 0.1 g, P less than 0.05) and reduced the EC50 7-fold. 5. In EFAD rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.3 mumol/l) the relaxations produced by the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine were not significantly different from those produced in control rings. The dilator actions of sodium nitroprusside were also similar in EFAD and control rings. 6. Thus, endothelium-dependent dilatation in the aorta is not impaired by partial depletion of phospholipid arachidonate. However, contractile responses to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists are depressed by spontaneously released EDRF in rat aorta, so that the results suggest that depletion of phospholipid arachidonate either augments spontaneous release of EDRF, or impairs EDRF inactivating mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of guanidinoethyl sulfonate on taurine concentrations and fetal growth in pregnant rats.

Guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES), a transport antagonist of taurine, was given to pregnant rats from day 11 to 21 of gestation as a 1% solution in drinking water. On day 21 of gestation in GES-treated pregnant rats, the concentration of taurine markedly decreased in the fetal whole body (54% of the control), the fetal liver (37%), the fetal whole brain (87%), the placenta (32%), the maternal liver (33%), the maternal whole brain (32%), and the maternal plasma (46%). The wet weight of fetal whole body, liver and brain of fetus, and placenta also showed a significant drop. But there were no differences of weight gain, in the liver and brain weights of the mother of the control and GES-treated pregnant rats. The urinary excretion of taurine in pregnant rats treated with GES was much higher than that of the controls. These results suggest that the administration of GES to pregnant rats induces much urinary taurine excretion with a resulting decrease in the tissue taurine content and readily produces taurine-deficient fetal rats.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Role of endogenous angiotensin II and prostaglandins in the antihypertensive mechanism of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in hypertension.

The role of endogenous angiotensin II and prostaglandins (PGs) in the antihypertensive effect of converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, was studied in essential hypertension by the separate and the combined administration of captopril and indomethacin. Although plasma angiotensin II was similarly suppressed by the separate and the combined administration of captopril and indomethacin, captopril lowered and indomethacin increased the mean blood pressure. There were negative correlations between the changes in mean blood pressure and in urinary sodium excretion as well as in urinary PGE excretion. These results suggest that endogenous PGs may be implicated in the antihypertensive effect of captopril through the alteration of sodium balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Two cases of surgically treated triple cancer].

Two cases of surgically treated triple cancer are reported. Case 1: Three tumors, one in the lung, one in the stomach, and one in the colon of a 74-year-old man were diagnosed preoperatively. First a subtotal gastrectomy and transverse colectomy were performed and, second 27 days later, a lobectomy of the lower left lung. Pathologically, each tumor proved to be a primary sion. Case 2: A 70-year-old woman, treated surgically for left breast cancer 5 years ago, was found to have anemia. Gastric endoscopy showed a cancer in the antrum. A subtotal gastrectomy was performed. Intraoperatively another tumor in the cecum was found and a right hemicolectomy was also performed. Pathologically each tumor was a primary lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗