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Biomedical subjects

K Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to K Kudo.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Peripartum heart disease in cows.

Thirteen Holstein dairy cows aged 5.1-10.6 years died or were killed as a result of severe illness during the peripartum period, associated with lateral recumbency, moaning, tachycardia and dyspnoea. They were all high milk producers (> 9000 kg/year) and had experienced at least three pregnancies. The average duration of the clinical course was 2.5 +/- 1.7 days. Electro-cardiography revealed marked tachycardia associated with atrial fibrillation or atrioventricular dissociation. Serum clinical chemistry showed severe hypocalcaemia (3.6 +/- 1.3 mg/dl) and at necropsy multifocal myocardial necrosis was invariably found. Myocardial necrosis was accompanied by neutrophilic and mononuclear cellular infiltrates with interstitial fibrosis. The cause of this lesion was not established.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Determination and properties of acetyl conjugate of N-desisopropylpropranolol, AcNDP.

1-Acetamino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol (AcNDP) detected in human urine was formed as a metabolite of propranolol (PL) via 1-amino-3-(L-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol (N-desisopropylpropranolol, NDP). The excreted amount of AcNDP was determined by GC-MS using an isotope dilution method. More than 40% of total AcNDP in 24 h urine was detected 10 h after the oral administration of PL to two volunteers, and the total amounts during 24 h urine were at least 1.9-3.9% of the PL dose. As AcNDP is an intermediate metabolite of PL, its urinary amount cannot be determined exactly. Incidentally, AcNDP was chemically stable and was not formed from NDP when acetyl CoA was added to the inactivated hepatocyte system. Thus, the acetylation of NDP, an aliphatic primary amine, was confirmed to be catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase, and interestingly, the acetyl conjugation was inhibited not by sulfamethazine but by p-amino benzoic acid.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1995

[Angiotrophic lymphoma in the paranasal sinuses].

Angiotrophic lymphoma (neoplastic angioendotheliosis) is a peculiar disease which increases large extraordinary sized cells originating from B lymphocytes, in the small blood vessels and the capillary vessels of each viscera of the whole body, including brain. This disease, which was first reported by Pfleger and Tappeiner in 1959, has many clinical manifestations. CNS, skin, lung, kidney, and adrenal gland are often damaged by the disease. A case of this disease appearing in the paranasal sinus with successful remission following chemotherapy is reported. The patient was a 78-year-old woman with bilateral occulomotor nervous paralysis. Ethmosphenoidectomy was conducted under a working diagnosis of pansinusitis following CT. The surgical specimens were studied histopathologically and diagnosed as angiotrophic lymphoma. Six courses of chemotherapy (THP-COP) were applied. This disease is not necessarily rare, but the possibility of its being overlooked without enough diagnosis and treatment is very high. If we detect and treat it at an early stage, recovery of the disease can be expected, as in the case described above.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Death due to asphyxia linked to antipsychotic drugs.

A 46-year-old man with schizophrenia, died in hospital. Autopsy revealed numerous facial injuries and the direct cause of death was apparently asphyxia as a large amount of coagulated blood was present in the lower part of the trachea and bronchi. The blood derived from a lacerated wound of the mouth. The question was raised as to why expectoration was impossible and a toxicological analysis was directed to the antipsychotic drugs allegedly prescribed by doctors at the hospital. Using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, four different antipsychotic drugs including chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, zotepine and haloperidol were identified in the whole blood and tissues with concentrations being 1.91, 0.75, 0.61 and 0.48 micrograms/g in the blood, respectively. These levels were toxic to the extent that he could not expectorate and blood accumulating in the airway led to asphyxia and death.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Influence of splenectomy on drug therapy for acute liver failure induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in rats].

We studied protective effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP 15 mg/kg i.p.) and OK-432 (5 KE/body), and the role of the spleen on D-galactosamine (D-Gal 500 mg/kg i.p.) and lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin: Et 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) induced acute liver failure. The survival rates were 10% in the control group (D-Gal+Et), 53% in the group I A (DBcAMP was administered at 1 hour before D-Gal administration), 79% in the group I B (Splenectomy was performed at 24 hours before D-Gal administration on the group I A), 87% in the group II A (OK-432 was administered at 24 hours before D-Gal administration), and 64% in the group II B (Splenectomy was performed at 24 hours before D-Gal administration on the group II A). GOT activities and TNF activities were significantly improved in the treatment groups, and in the group I B and group II A, they were more improved than in the group I A and group II B. In conclusion, spleen had the positive effect for OK-432 treatment, and also had the negative effect for DBcAMP treatment on acute liver failure induced by D-Gal and Et.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Brain death diagnosed by forensic analysis of drug distribution in human tissues.

Brain death was diagnosed by analyzing drug distribution in human tissues. Concentrations of diazepam and phenobarbital in human tissues, administered therapeutically to 3 patients in a critical condition, were determined by gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In 2 patients administered drugs while the brain was functioning, drug concentrations in the brain were high compared with those in the other tissues. In the other patient given the drugs after vital signs of the brain ceased, the level of drugs in the brain was much lower than seen in other tissues. We propose that a forensic diagnosis of patients who are brain dead can be made by comparing the concentrations of drugs in the brain given at the time of critical condition with concentration of these agents in other tissues. When cerebral function ceased can be roughly estimated by the variable distribution patterns of drugs and time of administration of these drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ginseng saponins reduce acetylcholine-evoked Na+ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

The effects of various ginseng saponins (ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1, Ro and Rs1), which are isolated from the root of Panax ginseng, on the catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells stimulated by ACh were examined. Most of the ginsenosides (1-100 microM) had a tendency to reduce the ACh-evoked secretion of catecholamines. The order of inhibitory potency (at the concentration of 10 microM) was as follows: Rg2 > Rf > Re > Rh1 > Rb2, Rg1 > Rb1 > Rc > Rb3, Rd, Ro, Rs1. The inhibition of ginseoside Rg2 at 10 microM was 72%, but ginsenosides Rb3, Rd, Ro and Rs1 did not show the inhibitory effect. On the other hand, ginsenoside Rg2 (1-100 microM) did not at all affect the secretion induced by high K+ or veratridine, a potent specific activator of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels. Ginsenoside Rg2 (1-100 microM) also inhibited both ACh-induced Na+ and Ca++ influxes into the cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration-response curves for ginsenoside Rg2 inhibition of Na+ influx, of Ca++ influx and of catecholamine secretion were quite similar. The inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on the secretion was not overcome by increasing ACh or external Ca++ concentrations. These results strongly suggest that the ginseng saponins, especially ginsenoside Rg2, block the nicotinic ACh receptors or the receptor-operated Na+ channels (but not voltage-sensitive Na+ and Ca++ channels), inhibit Na+ influx through the channels and consequently reduce both Ca++ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil, a new oral cephem, in the treatment of respiratory tract infections with the special reference to community-acquired Streptococcus Pneumoniae infections].

The clinical usefulness of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) was investigated in the treatment of pneumonia and chronic airway infections occurring in patients first visiting our outpatient clinic or those being treated at the outpatient clinic. CPDX-PR was orally administered twice a day after meals at a dose of 100-200 mg for acute respiratory tract infections and at a dose of 200 mg for chronic respiratory tract infections. Excellent, good, fair, and poor responses were observed in 20, 33, 10, and 3 of 66 patients (4 with acute bronchitis, 27 with pneumonia, and 35 with acute exacerbation of chronic airway infection), respectively, demonstrating an 80.3% efficacy rate (53/66). Causative organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, were all eradicated from the patients whose causative organisms were examined over time, although 2 of the patients were superinfected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were no serious adverse reactions or abnormal changes in laboratory test results. It was concluded that CPDX-PR could be used as a first-choice drug for the treatment of respiratory tract infections at an outpatient clinic, and that this drug should acquire greater importance in particular consideration of recent increases in infections with S. pneumoniae.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Legionella pneumonia diagnosed by urinary antigen detection].

A 63-year-old man with dyspnea and high fever was admitted to the hospital. A pneumonic shadow in the right lower lung field was observed. After administration of rifampicin and clarithromycin, his symptoms were gradually alleviated. Although Legionella pneumonia was highly suspected, Legionella pneumophila was not isolated from his sputum specimens and the serum level of indirect immunofluorescent antibody titer was not significantly elevated. However, we believe it is very likely that he had Legionella pneumonia, because we detected a high density of urinary Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen by antigen capture EIA.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

[Circumvention of cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells by antiestrogens].

Antiestrogens (AEs) have been considered to elicit antitumor effects via estrogen receptor. However, recent reports have demonstrated that AEs had an antitumor effect even in cases without estrogen receptor, and that AEs caused various kinds of biological behavior such as a chemosensitizing effect. We therefore investigated the possibility of circumvention of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance due to the chemosensitizing effect of AEs by using 5 ovarian cancer cell lines. They were named KF, MH, KK, KFra and KFrb cell lines. KF and MH were derived from serous cystadenocarcinomas, and KK from a clear cell carcinoma. KFra and KFrb were CDDP-resistant cell lines developed from the KF cell line. MCF-7 cell line derived from breast cancer was used as a control. The study of a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) revealed that clomiphene (CLO) had the most potent antiproliferative effect among the AEs used, and was followed by tamoxifen (TAM) and toremifene (TOR) with a similar effect. On the whole, the degree of CDDP sensitivity was not correlated with the degree of AE sensitivity. KFra cell line which had the highest CDDP-resistance among the 5 ovarian cancer cell lines used was the most sensitive to AEs, especially to CLO. In the study on the combined administration of CDDP and AEs, 1 microM of CLO significantly reduced the IC50 of CDDP to KFrb, KK and MCF-7 cell lines. Similarly, 1 microM of TAM significantly reduced the IC50 of CDDP to KF, KFra and MCF-7 cell lines, and 1 microM of TOR significantly reduced it to KFra, KK and MCF-7 cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1995

[Inhaled beclomethasone in long-term management of asthma: optimal dose and optimal duration of treatment].

We studied the usefulness of 24 weeks of therapy with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) in the management of mild and moderately severe asthma in adults. To determine the optimal dose and treatment duration, the patients were divided into three groups. Patients in group I (n = 10) were treated with bronchodilators but no BDP. Patients in group II (n = 12) received bronchodilators and 450 micrograms/day of BDP. Patients in group III (n = 17) received bronchodilators and 900 micrograms/day of BDP. BDP was inhaled via a large spacer (Volumatic). Asthma scores were measured before treatment began, and again every 2 weeks for the duration of the study (26 weeks). Peak expiratory flows (PEF) were measured before treatment began, 2 weeks after treatment had begun, and again every four weeks until the end of the study. Vital capacity, FEV1, and bronchial reactivity to methacholine were measured before treatment began, and again 12 weeks and 24 weeks after it had begun. Adrenocortical function in patients in group III was measured with a rapid ACTH test, at the same time as the pulmonary functions were measured. The results were: 1) Asthma scores decreased more in patients who received the higher dose of BDP than in those who received the lower dose, especially during the second 12 weeks. 2) After two weeks of treatment, %PEF had increased significantly in both groups that received BDP, but after six weeks of treatment there was no further improvement. %PEF did not improve in the group given bronchodilators only. 3) In the patients whose baseline %PEF was less than 80%, only the higher dose of BDP significantly increased %PEF. 4) Only the higher dose of BDP increased the %VC, the FEV1%, and the PD20 for methacholine. 5) Asthma type and severity were not related to the usefulness of BDP therapy. 6) Results of the rapid ACTH test indicated that the higher dose of BDP did not suppress adrenocortical function. These data indicate that 900 micrograms of BDP per day is more effective than 450 micrograms/day as initial therapy for long-term management of mild or moderate asthma in adults, and that the dose of BDP should be reviewed after 3 months of treatment. Patients in whom asthma is well-controlled may tolerate a reduction in dose, and those in whom asthma is not well-controlled may require a higher dose.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary involvement in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: case reports and review of literature published in Japan].

To investigate pulmonary involvement in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL), we report five cases of IBL and 21 other reports from the literature published in Japan. Three of the present patients had respiratory symptoms and showed hypoxemia on admission. Radiographic findings in the present cases showed bilateral mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy (LA: 4/5), pleural effusion (PE: 5/5), interstitial shadow (Int S: 1/5), alveolar shadow (A1S: 2/5), and atelectasis (1/5). In the present cases and those previously reported in Japan, the following radiographic findings were observed; LA (56%), PE (40%), Int S (52%), and A1S (24%). Atelectasis was reported only in the present cases. The nine patients with Int S consisted of four with interstitial pneumonia and five with bronchopneumonia. Four of five patients with bronchopneumonia had an opportunistic infection (three had pneumocystis carinii and one had cytomegalovirus). Among the five patients with A1S, two had interstitial pneumonia and the others had bronchopneumonia. Pulmonary involvement was frequently seen in patients with IBL, and may be an important determinant of the outcome of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Metastatic lung cancer from renal cell carcinoma effectively treated by bronchial artery embolization].

A 55-year-old man was admitted to the International Medical Center of Japan because of obstructive pneumonia in the right middle and lower lobes. His left kidney had been removed 3 years earlier because of renal cell carcinoma. Metastatic lung cancer from renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed. Bronchial artery embolization was done twice with sponges, because the tumor was thought to be resistant to interferon. Three days after the second embolization, the tumor was removed through the trachea, and atelectasis was relieved. Bronchial artery embolization may be useful for treatment of metastatic lung cancer from renal cell carcinoma.

Bronchial Arteries↗
PubMed1994

How to diagnose polysulphide poisoning from tissue samples.

We carried out animal experiments to toxicologically verify polysulphide poisoning by analyzing tissue samples. A bathing agent containing calcium polysulphides was administered orally to rats, and then polysulphides and sulphide, the decomposed product of polysulphides, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The concentrations of polysulphides (mumol/ml or g) were found to be highest in blood (0.196), followed by the liver (0.051), the lungs (0.018) and kidneys (0.013), but were below the detection limit (0.005 mumol/g) in the other tissues tested. Sulphide was detected in all the tissue samples and was found to be highest in the blood (0.518 mumol/ml), this being 40 times higher than that required for fatal poisoning in the case of hydrogen sulphide. Polysulphide poisoning was considered to be confirmatively diagnosed by detecting and measuring polysuphides and supplementarily sulphide in body tissues, most pertinently in the blood. Two practical cases of suspected poisoning by polysulphides are briefly described.

Animals↗