Effects of partial sugar restriction for 6 weeks on numbers of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and interdental plaque in man.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kristoffersson
Publications and source records attributed to K Kristoffersson.
A 30-month longitudinal study of the effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutans and approximal dental caries.
The effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutants and approximal dental caries were evaluated. One hundred and eighty-seven 13-year-old individuals with high levels of salivary S. mutans (greater than 10(6)/mL) were selected. They were randomly distributed into three groups. Group I initially received professional mechanical tooth-cleaning, tongue-scraping, chlorhexidine treatment, and oral hygiene instructions concentrated on the approximal surfaces most colonized by S. mutans. The treatment was given four times with intervals of two days, followed by one single treatment every six months throughout the experimental period. The initial treatment period for group II, also consisting of four visits, included the same oral hygiene instructions as for group I. The instructions were repeated every six months. Group III was maintained in the preventive program provided by the local Dental Health Office, based on mechanical plaque control and topical use of fluorides and chlorhexidine at individualized intervals. Group I showed a significant immediate reduction of S. mutans in saliva as well as an approximal tooth surfaces. After six months, there were no differences among the three groups regarding these variables. Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction of S. mutans in all groups. There was no significant difference in caries progression among the three groups. However, the selected "high-risk" individuals in group I developed 0.25 new manifest caries lesions approximally/year, compared with 0.27 for all children of the same age group in the area. Seventeen individuals had approximal surfaces with consistently high or consistently low S. mutans levels. Forty-six percent of the surfaces with high values developed new or progressive caries, compared with 2% of the surfaces with low values.
Adolescent↗
Caries prevalence, salivary Streptococcus mutans and dietary scores in 13-year-old Swedish schoolchildren.
388 13-yr-old schoolchildren from Karlstad, Sweden, participated. Dental caries experience was expressed as number of decayed (D) and filled (F) tooth surfaces (S), and registered on bite-wing radiographs and obtained from records. Salivary Streptococcus mutans counts were determined by a spatula method. A dietary score was calculated for each individual based on an interview concerning the intake frequency of 23 sugar-containing products. Significantly lower DFS values were found in the group with no detectable S. mutans compared to three of the four groups with salivary S. mutans (P less than 0.01). No differences were found between the DFS values of individuals with high, moderate or low dietary scores. There was no statistically significant association between dietary scores and levels of S. mutans. Among the children with no detectable S. mutans, there were higher DFS-values with increasing intake frequency. No relationship between initial caries lesions, S. mutans and diet was found.
Adolescent↗
The more Streptococcus mutans, the more caries on approximal surfaces.
The relationship between the presence of Streptococcus mutans and caries on approximal tooth surfaces was studied in a group of 28 children who were 13 years old at baseline. 700 surfaces in the pre-molar and molar region were studied. Sampling of S. mutans was performed with a toothpick method at the beginning of the study and after one and two years. From bite-wing radiographs, the approximal surfaces were recorded as caries-free, decayed, or restored. Progression of lesions during the two years was also studied. More new caries lesions and progression caries lesions were found on surfaces positive for S. mutans than on surfaces without, and the more S. mutans, the more lesions, 52% of the surfaces with positive S. mutans findings at all three sampling occasions became carious or had caries in a progressive form. Among the surfaces with no detectable S. mutans, the corresponding figure was 8%. 80 out of the 530 surfaces diagnosed as intact at the start of the study became carious over the two-year period. 69 of these were S. mutans-positive at the first and/or second sampling.
Adolescent↗
Effect of a professional tooth cleaning program on interdentally localized Streptococcus mutans.
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Adolescent↗
Streptococcus mutans in saliva: intraindividual variations and relation to the number of colonized sites.
Analysis of the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans may contribute to the evaluation of the caries risk. It is therefore important to identify factors that might influence the outcome of such analyses. This investigation consisted of three parts. The first aim was to evaluate the short-term variation of S. mutans concentration in saliva. Furthermore, we estimated the effect of discontinued oral hygiene on salivary S. mutans. We also analyzed the relation between salivary levels of S. mutans and the number of colonized approximal and occlusal sites. Tongue samples were also included in the comparison. Systematic short-term variation could not be demonstrated. A 95% confidence interval for an observed S. mutans value was obtained by multiplying and dividing the observed value by a factor of 5 (for S. mutans samples less than 10(6) or 2.3 (S. mutans greater than 10(6). One week of discontinued oral hygiene did not significantly change the level of S. mutans in saliva. Saliva samples correlated significantly with tongue samples and with the number of colonized approximal sites. The results of these studies confirm the stability of the S. mutans colonization level.
Adult↗
Transient reduction of Streptococcus mutans interdentally by chlorhexidine gel.
Chlorhexidine gel was applied interproximally with the intent to reduce Streptococcus mutans at these sites. Bacterial samples were obtained using toothpicks, which were inserted in each interproximal space and then immediately pressed against agar plates, selective for S. mutans. Duplicate bacterial samples of non-treated subjects showed that this method gave reproducible results. Using a split mouth technique, 10 subjects were exposed to short term chlorhexidine exposures of varied intensity. At the baseline sampling about 90% of the sites showed growth of S. mutans. One week after the chlorhexidine applications about 55% were infected. After 40 d S. mutans were back to about baseline levels except for the most intensively treated interproximals, which showed 75% infected sites. Thus, at many sites the reduction of S. mutans was only transient. Four subjects with more than 1 million S. mutans per ml saliva participated in a study where salivary and interproximal levels of S. mutans were compared after a rinsing period with chlorhexidine lasting for 2 weeks. The effect of the rinses varied individually, but it was noted that several interproximal spaces could be infected even if the saliva numbers did not reach detectable levels of S. mutans.
Chlorhexidine↗