Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Kostial

Publications and source records attributed to K Kostial.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Influence of dietary ingredients on the body retention of strontium, cadmium and mercury in suckling rats.

Six-day-old suckling rats were artificially fed over 8 h with cow's milk or a mixture of rat food ingredients (fish meal, sunflower meal, alfalfa, cane molasses and premix) labelled with 85Sr, 115mCd or 203Hg. Whole-body radioactivity was determined in a double crystal scintillation counter every 24 h over a 6-day period. Carcass, gut, liver and kidney retention were determined at the end of the experiment. Relative to pups that were fed on cow's milk, administration of the mixture of the solid dietary ingredients caused a significant reduction in whole body, carcass and organ retention of all metals and was highest for 203Hg. This indicates that high absorption of toxic metals in sucklings can be reduced by dietary means. Rat food ingredients deserve further consideration because they are non-toxic dietary constituents and might be useful for decreasing the body burden of some metals in conditions of increased environmental exposure.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1984

131I uptake in human thyroid after antidote treatment for mixed fission products contamination.

The efficacy of a mixed antidote treatment in blocking 131I uptake in humans was investigated in two volunteers. Simultaneous oral administration of 10 g of calcium alginate, 3 g of ferrihexacyanoferrate (II) and 130 mg of potassium iodide 30 min before 131I administration caused an almost complete block of the 131I thyroid uptake in both subjects. This indicated that calcium alginate and ferrihexacyanoferrate (II) had no influence on the blocking effect of potassium iodide on 131I thyroid uptake. This finding is important because mixed antidote treatment is the recommended treatment in cases of accidental exposure to mixed fission products.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of age and diet on renal cadmium retention in rats.

The results of our previous and recent work on cadmium metabolism in relation to age and diet are presented. Experiments were performed on albino rats aged 1-26 weeks. In some experiments rats were given different foods (milk, meat, bread) instead of standard rat diet. Some animals received trisodium calcium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) intraperitoneally to decrease cadmium retention. Radioactive cadmium (115mCd) was administered orally and intraperitoneally. Whole body (WB), carcass (C) and organ (kidney, liver and brain) retentions were determined 1 and 2 weeks after a single radioisotope administration. The results are expressed as percentages of the administered dose (% D) and as percentages of whole body (% WB) and carcass (% C) radioactivities. After oral administration whole-body cadmium retention was higher in sucklings than in weaned animals, primarily due to increased gut retention. The kidney retention of orally administered cadmium was about 5-7 times higher in sucklings than in older rats. Cadmium distribution (% C) was similar after oral and intraperitoneal administration. In sucklings, kidney retention made a lower fraction of the carcass radioactivity one week after 115mCd administration but reached adult values a week later. Liver retention in sucklings was a slightly lower fraction of the carcass radioactivity than in older rats at both time intervals. Brain retention (% C) was about 10 times higher in sucklings than in older rats throughout the experiment. Preliminary data on the influence of dietary treatments and treatment with DTPA indicate that some treatments which influence cadmium retention also influence cadmium distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Efficiency of a composite treatment for mixed fission products in rats.

The effect of a composite antidotal treatment - consisting of a mixture of calcium alginate, ferrihexacyanoferrate(II) and potassium iodide - administered in diet and/or Na3(CaDTPA) administered intraperitoneally on the absorption and the removal of radioactive strontium, caesium, iodine and cerium was investigated in 7-week-old female rats. The animals were on respective treatments for 3 days. The retention of 141Ce, 85Sr, 137Cs and 131I was determined in the whole body, carcass, gut, liver, kidneys and respective critical organs (femur, muscle, thyroid) 6 days after their oral or intraperitoneal administration. In animals which received the antidotal mixture or Na3(CaDTPA) alone, the radionuclide retention was practically the same as in rats which were given the composite treatment [mixture + Na3(CaDTPA)]. This indicates that the efficiency of one treatment was not increased by the other. For 141Ce, Na3(CaDTPA) was an effective antidote, while 85Sr, 137Cs and 131I were reduced by the mixture. It is concluded that the composite treatment might be a quick treatment for choice for reducing mixed fission products retention, especially in cases when identification of exposure is difficult or impossible to make.

Alginates↗
PubMed1983

Age and intestinal retention of mercury and cadmium in rats.

The site of cadmium and mercury retention in the intestine was determined in 6-day-old sucklings and 6-week-old weaned rats 6 days after oral administration of 115mCd and 203Hg. The ileum was found to be the main site of intestinal retention of both cations in sucklings but not in weaned rats. Other age- and element-specific differences in the site of metal retention in the intestine were also found. These differences indicate that even in neonates, metal absorption might be a more specific process than previously assumed.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

The influence of age on the effectiveness of DTPA in reducing 141Ce retention in rats.

The influence of age on the effectiveness of chelation treatment in reducing retention of radioactive cerium was studied in two- and six-week-old albino rats. 141Ce was administered intraperitoneally, followed immediately and after 24 and 48 hours by intraperitoneal administration of the tri-sodium calcium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid--Na3(CaDTPA) at 380 mumol/kg body weight. The whole-body retention was determined 2, 4 and 6 days after radiocerium administration, when the animals were killed and the organ retention was determined. The chelation therapy significantly reduced the whole-body retention of radiocerium. This treatment was however twice as effective in older as in younger animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Iodine in diet increases mercury absorption in rats.

Increasing the iodine content of rats diets caused an increase in the whole-body retention of 203Hg after oral, but not after intraperitoneal, administration. That iodine increases gastrointestinal absorption of inorganic mercury might be of interest in conditions of simultaneous environmental exposure to both elements, and therefore deserves further investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chronic and reproduction studies in rats exposed to gasifier ash leachates.

Ash from the coal gasification process contains a broad spectrum of elements which through leaching (gasifier ash leachates) may enter into the environment. The health effect of such leachates i.e. complex mixtures of inorganic elements is insufficiently known. We investigated the effect of gasifier ash leachates in a chronic-(9-month) and in a three-generation reproduction study. The leachates were prepared weekly by water extraction of ash from a Lurgi coal gasification plant in Yugoslavia, and given to experimental animals instead of drinking water. In the chronic experiment exposed animals showed no changes in mortality rate, haematological findings, concentration of Fe, Zn, Mn in kidneys, liver, testicles and femur, as well as in femur composition and morphometry, gross pathology and organ histology. In the reproduction study the number of pregnancies, weight and number of newborns, and concentration of Fe, Zn, Mn in carcasses of sucklings were the same in control and experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Chronic studies in rats exposed to liquid effluent from coal gasification process.

The health effects of the E-effluent (water for quenching ash) from a coal gasification plant were assayed in a chronic experiment (16 month exposure) and a three generation reproduction study. Animals exposed to 100% E-effluent had an increased daily intake of various inorganic elements (Fe, Cu, K, I, Se, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, F and Cr). In spite of that, the exposed and control animals had the same mortality rate, haematological findings, urinary protein excretion, trace element concentrations in kidneys, liver and femur, bone composition and morphometry, and histological findings. The pre- and post-natal development and growth was unchanged during three generations. It is concluded that the higher intake of various inorganics caused no change in the parameters measured.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Bioavailability of cadmium in rats fed various diets.

Six-week-old female albino rats were fed rat diet or human foods: meat, bread or milk--3 days before and 6 days after a single oral dose of 115m Cd. All animals were killed 6 days after administration and the radioactivity in the whole body and in the gut-free carcass were determined in a double scintillation counter. Gut retentions were calculated as the difference: whole body minus carcass. All animals fed meat, bread or milk had much higher body retentions than animals fed rat diet (whole body 4-5 times, carcass about 3 times and gut 10-14 times). Our results point out the importance of nutritional factors in metal metabolism and toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Simultaneous reduction of radioactive strontium, caesium and iodine retention by single treatment in rats.

The effect of a mixture of calcium alginate, iron (III) ferrocyanide and potassium iodide added to rat diet on 85Sr, 137Cs and 131I metabolism and health was investigated in female rats after four weeks of treatment. The retention of these radioisotopes was determined in the whole body and critical organs six days after 85 Sr and 137CS and one day after 131I oral administration. The health effect of the mixture was evaluated by measuring body weights, haematological parameters, concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in the kidneys, liver and femur, bone parameters (femur composition and morphometry) and by a histopathological examination. The mixture reduced 85Sr retention in the femur 11 times, 137Cs retention in the thigh muscle 102 times and 131I retention in the thyroid 134 times. Treated animals were in good health and the only differences found between the control and experimental rats were slightly lower haemoglobin values in the blood and a slightly lower iron concentration in the liver. It is concluded that the mixture was very efficient for decreasing body retention of three important fission products and that it can be used over long periods without causing adverse health effects.

Alginates↗
PubMed1981

More data on mercury absorption in relation to dietary treatment in rats.

The kinetics of mercury (Hg) absorption in relation to diet by determining whole body (WB), carcass (C) and gut (G) retention in control and milk-fed rats 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after oral administration of 203Hg have been studied. All retention values were higher in the milk-fed than in control rats during the experimental period. The higher WB retention in the milk-fed animals was primarily due to increased G retention especially at shorter time intervals. Animals on the milk diet had in the C, higher retention values, and in the G, higher retention and longer residence time. There was no evidence that Hg from the gut compartment entered into other parts of the body within the observation period. More evidence is needed about the effect of other dietary treatments on Hg metabolism.

Animals↗