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Biomedical subjects

K Kosaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Kosaka.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Undifferentiated patterns of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in injured livers. I. Acute carbon-tetrachloride intoxication of rat.

In acute CCL4 intoxication of rats significantly increased activities of hepatic low-Km hexokinases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase A and pyruvate kinase M2 with concurrently decreased activities of glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, aldolase B and pyruvate kinase L were observed. The resulting enzyme pattern was apparently different from that in dietary induction. Principal component analysis revealed that the degree of enzyme deviation in the injured liver was much greater than that in the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy and was closer to that in fetal liver or hepatoma tissue.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1976

Undifferentiated patterns of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in injured livers. II. Human viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.

Activities of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes were determined on biopsied liver tissues obtained from patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis and postnecrotic cirrhosis of the liver. The results indicated that the activities of fetal or prototype enzymes, low-Km hexokinases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase type M2 increased, while those of adult type liver enzymes, glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase and pyruvate kinase type L decreased in livers of these cases. Phosphofructokinase activity tended to increase only acute hepatitis. Principal component analysis revealed that the enzyme patterns of acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were most deviated from the control and closely resembled those of hepatocellular carcinomas.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1976

Radioreceptor assay for insulin.

A sensitive and simple radioreceptor assay (RRA) capable of detecting 10 muU/ml of serum insulin has been developed using the crude membrane fraction of guinea pig kidney and 125I-porcine insulin. Using this assay system, serum insulin during 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests in six males including one obese man was measured. The mean concentration of serum insulin increased from 19 muU/ml during fasting to maximum of 90 muU/ml after 60 min of glucose load and then gradually declined to 38 muU/ml by 180 min. The values obtained by the present RRA agreed well with immunoreactive insulin (IRI).

Glucose Tolerance Test↗
PubMed1976

Enzymatic radioiodination of succinyl cyclic AMP tyrosine methyl ester by lactoperoxidase and radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP.

A highly specific and simple radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP with a sensitivity of 0.04 picomoles/tube has been developed according to the method of Steiner et al., using 125I-succinyl cyclic AMP tyrosine methyl ester as a tracer. The tracer with higher immunoactivities could be simply and constantly prepared by an enzymatic iodination procedure utilizing lactoperoxidase, radioactive iodide and hydrogen peroxide generated by glucose-glucose oxidase system, rather than by chloramine-T procedure.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Alterations of insulin-secreting response to glucose in human infants during the early postnatal period.

Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in healthy infants, aged one to 29 days. Capillary blood samples were obtained from heel stabs for estimation of glucose and insulin immediately before and 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the administration of glucose (2.0g per kg body weight). The younger infants tended to have delayed and diminished insulin responses to a glucose load than did older infants. The ratio of the increment of insulin concentration to the increment of glucose concentration at 30 minutes following a glucose load in younger infants, aged one to 20 days, was below 0.4. The ratio in infants older than 20 days was above 0.5. From these results it is evident that the pancreas of human infants begins to respond to the stimulation by glucose during the early postnatal period and this response becomes even obvious after 20 days of age.

Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Effect of age and sex on circulating and pituitary prolactin levels in human.

In an attempt to determine whether age or sex affects prolactin secretion in the human, basal levels of serum prolactin, and its response to TRH administration as well as the pituitary content of this hormone were compared between both sexes and among the different agent groups. In 315 adult subjects of various ages, the mean basal levels of prolactin were found to be higher in women than in men of the same age groups with the exception of the sixth decade. The effect of age on serum prolactin concentrations, on the other hand, was not demonstrated. Similarly, the prolactin response to intravenous injections of 500 mug of TRH was significantly greater in female subjects than in males of both young and aged groups. No relationship between the prolactin response and the day of menstrual cycle in young women was apparent. Although quantitative difference in TRH-induced prolactin release was not observed between young and elderly subjects, the occurrence of prolactin peak and the elimination of the circulating prolactin following TRH administration were delayed in the aged groups. Taken together with the demonstration of a higher content of this hormone in female pituitary glands compared with those of males, it was concluded that prolactin secretion is enhanced in female subjects throughout life after puberty and that aging, per se, is not associated with an alteration in the rate of secretion of this hormone in human subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Detection of HBs antigen in routine paraffin embedded liver tissue by enzyme-labelled antibody technique.

HB surface antigen (HBs Ag) was detected using the enzyme-labelled antibody technique on routinely processed liver biopsy material fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin. Of 85 examined specimens, 45 cases were HBs Ag positive by both the immunofluorescent test and the enzyme labelled antibody technique. The remaining 40 cases were negative by both techniques. The specificity of HBs Ag detected by the enzyme-labelled antibody technique was confirmed by the blocking test using guinea pig specific HBs antibody. The results indicate that the enzyme-labelled antibody technique may be useful for detecting HBs Ag on routine paraffin sections.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Macromolecular lactate dehydrogenase linked to serum IgG of a patient with liver cirrhosis.

An anomalous zymogram of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum from a patient with liver cirrhosis was reported. Agar-gel electrophoresis of serum showed an extra LDH band close to the anodic side of LDH5 and a wide band of LDH5. Gel filtration of patient's serum in Sephadex G-200 demonstrated an abnormal LDH fraction eluted between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and macroglobulin in addition to a normal LDH component. Chromatographically abnormal LDH was demonstrated on agar gel as extra and wide LDH5 bands and resembled closely human hepatic LDH in various physico-chemical properties such as inhibition by urea or substrate, stability against heat, and Michaelis-Menten's constant. Immunological analyses demonstrated that abnormal LDH could be in the state combined with IgG. Molecular weight of the complex estimated by gel filtration was approximately 300,000. Mixtures of the heated patient's serum with normal or patient's hepatic LDH showed abnormal LDH fraction by gel filtration, whereas abnormal fraction was not demonstrated when heated normal serum was mixed with normal or the patient's hepatic LDH. These results strongly suggest that the occurrence of anomalous LDH zymogram in patient's serum is due to a formation of LDH-IgG complex, which is based on the binding of essentially normal hepatic LDH and abnormal IgG.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rapid determination of thyroxine binding proteins of human serum.

A simple method is described for determing thyroxine binding proteins in human serum by electrophoresis at pH 8.6, using cellulose acetate membrane as the supporting medium. The procedure had high reliability in sera of normal subjects, pregnant women and patients with decreased thyroxine binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1975

Microheterogeneity of rat alpha-fetoprotein.

A purified and homogeneous preparation of rat AFP, as judged by both electrophoresis on Cellogel and immunoelectrophoresis, was separated into two components, AFPa and AFPb, by disc electrophoresis on 7% polyacrylamide gel. These two components had a definite difference in electrostatic net charge and gave only a single band on SDS-electrophoresis. Immunological reactivity or electrophoretic separation or mobility of the two components could be altered by treatment with either sulfhydryl inhibitors or reducing agents but not by treatment with protein denaturants. Electrophoresis of neuraminidase-treated AFP on 5% polyacrylamide gel yielded clearly separable, slower moving four to six and finally two components depending on the time of incubation with neuraminidase. The time-dependent conversion of faster into slower migrating components of both AFPa and AFPb upon neuraminidase treatment was confirmed by reelectrophoresis of separated and similarly treated AFPa and AFPb. Two bands of sialized or desialized AFP were also observed on isoelectric focusing. Both AFPa and AFPb treated with and without neuraminidase gave single fused precipitin lines against the antiserum in Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis. On the basis of the changes in electrophoretic mobilities of the intermediates following neuraminidase treatment, AFPa and AFPb were estimated to have at least 2.5 and 4.5 molecules of sialic acid per molecule, respectively.

Animals↗