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Biomedical subjects

K Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to K Kojima.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Genotypic diversity of reassortants between simian rotavirus SA11 and human rotaviruses having different antigenic specificities and RNA patterns.

A total of 200 clones of reassortants were generated in vitro between simian rotavirus SA11 (SA11-L2 strain) and each of five human rotavirus (HRV) strains with different antigenic specificities and RNA patterns. When culture fluid coinfected with parent viruses was subjected to repeated selection with anti-HRV-VP4 and anti-SA11-VP7 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, all yielded progenies were antigenic mosaic reassortants possessing VP4 and VP7 derived from SA11 and HRV, respectively. In genomic analysis of viral RNA by PAGE, two and five different genotypes were identified in 40 clones, generated between SA11 and HRV strain Hochi (G serotype 4, G4) and between SA11 and KU (G1), respectively. In contrast, 11 and 17 genotypes were found in progenies between SA11 and subgroup I G2 HRV strain HN126 or DS-1, respectively. Although SA11 genes, except for the VP7 gene, were predominant in most reassortants, gene 5 was preferentially selected from HRV. Incorporation of HRV segments 1, 3 and 10 into progenies was more frequent in SA11 x HN126 and SA11 x DS-1 reassortants than in other reassortants. These results indicated that the extent of diversity of reassortant genotypes differs between the two groups of the parental HRV strain; one has subgroup I specificity and a short RNA pattern (DS-1 genogroup), while the other has subgroup II specificity and a long RNA pattern (Wa genogroup).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New diagnostic approach to brain lesions in nuclear medicine. Differential diagnosis of brain lesions with a computed brain scan diagnosis by the likelihood method.

Using 240 true positive brain scans, a computer system for the differential diagnosis of brain lesions has been evaluated. Eighty-six parameters were extracted from brain scan findings without relationship to neurological signs and symptoms, and the likelihood method was adopted as an example of mathematical logic. The results of our experiment indicated that the overall accuracy was 77 per cent for the maximum likelihood method. The digital computer gave satisfactory results, particularly for diseases such as infarct, meningioma, acoustic neurinoma, and subdural hematoma. In spite of several problems to be solved, this method could provide invaluable help in differential diagnosis of brain lesions.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of liver sarcoidosis.

A case of sarcoidosis revealed multiple low density areas in the liver on CT. One of these lesions was confirmed by laparoscopic liver biopsy to be a mass of noncaseating granulomas surrounded by necrotic or fibrotic tissues. These lesions disappeared rapidly after steroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of ganglioneuroma: histologic correlation study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR findings of ganglioneuroma and to correlate imaging and histologic features. METHOD: Conventional SE and contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI was used to examine 10 patients with pathologically confirmed ganglioneuroma. The morphologic features, signal intensity, and dynamic enhancement pattern of the tumors were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with histologic features. RESULTS: Capsules were present in all tumors histologically and were also detected in five tumors on postcontrast T1-weighted images. A whorled appearance corresponding to interlacing bundles of Schwann cells and collagen fibers on histologic specimens was visualized in five tumors on T1-and/or T2-weighted images. Tumors with markedly high signal intensity on T2-weighted images consisted histologically of a large amount of myxoid stroma and relatively few cellular and fibrous components. Tumors with intermediate to high signal intensity consisted of numerous cellular and fibrous components and little myxoid stroma. Early enhancement of tumors was usually lacking in dynamic MR studies; however enhancement gradually increased. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the MR features of ganglioneuroma are well correlated with histologic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of emotional behaviors induced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus to changes in EKG, heart, stomach, adrenal glands, and thymus.

The relationships of hypothalamically elicited emotional behaviors to their accompanying pathophysiological effects were examined as a model of how complex "emotional behaviors" may be related to fundamental psychosomatic disorders. Twenty-two unanesthetized adult cats were studied. EKG alterations and histological changes in the heart, stomach, adrenal glands, and thymus were related to the specific stereotypical emotional behaviors that could be elicited by hypothalamic stimulation in tamed subjects. Restlessness, threat, and searching-biting behaviors were evoked by electrical stimulation of the anteromedial, ventromedial, and lateral hypothalamus, respectively. The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias, ST and/or T (ST-T) changes in the EKG, histological damage to myocardium, gastric erosion, and adrenal hyperplasia were generally observed in the restlessness and threat groups but not in the searching-biting group. The pathophysiological effects were similar in the restlessness and threat groups with no specific EKG change or organ effect attributable to either site of stimulation. Hypothalamically elicited restlessness or threat behaviors in cats are each associated with cardiac, gastric, and adrenal pathophysiologies.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does amniotomy influence the prognosis of babies in cases with severe chorioamnionitis? Report of a twin pregnancy with varying outcome.

We report our experience in a woman with a twin pregnancy. The patient suffered severe Escherichia coli chorioamnionitis and the outcomes were different between the two babies after birth. The first baby had only a mild infection, but the second suffered sepsis and subsequent perinatal death. These differences in outcome appeared to be due to amniotomy performed for the first baby after late labor stage I to augment uterus contractions. Removal of infectious amniotic fluid from the amniotic cavity might thus have prevented the spread of the chorioamnionitis. E. coli sometimes causes severe infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period. In this case, a large number of enteropathogenic E. coli (serotype O-6) was cultured from blood, stool, pharyngeal swab, gastric juice and puncture fluid from the thoracic cavity of the second baby. O-6 is classified an enterotoxigenic strain mainly causing diarrhea because of endotoxin released from bacteria. O-6 has not hitherto been reported as a cause of severe infection in chorioamnionitis and perinatal sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of skin over cysts with Spina bifida may be useful not only for preventing neurological damage during labor but also for predicting fetal prognosis.

Spina bifida is one of the most common open neural tube defects. There are two common types of spina bifida cystica, myelomeningocele and meningocele. Special attention to the thickness of the cystic sac (presence of intact skin and subcutaneous tissue) on magnetic resonance imaging is advantageous for determination of whether the child will profit from cesarean section in order to prevent neurological change (infection and drying of nerve tissue) and for management of spina bifida (most meningocele) during the perinatal period. Furthermore, skin detection may help to predict the prognosis of spina bifida after birth. Meningocele, with intact skin over the cyst, has a better clinical course than myelomeningocele. Some myelomeningoceles with neural tube defects in a lower position, also frequently having an intact skin over the cyst, have almost the same clinical course as a meningocele. From this, we hypothesize that a baby with spina bifida who has intact skin over the cyst might have a good prognosis neurologically. In this report, we concentrate attention on the skin over cysts in 3 cases (1 meningocele and 2 myelomeningoceles).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of massive subchorionic thrombohematoma diagnosed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma is uncommon but associated with a poor perinatal prognosis. Placental enlargement was detected in a 25-year-old Japanese primipara woman with fetal growth retardation and oligohydramnios at 23 weeks' gestation. Ultrasonography (USG) showed an abnormal sonolucency within the placenta at 28 weeks' gestation, but could not give an unequivocal differentiation from placental abnormalities such as hematomas, cysts and other tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pointed to a large hematoma in the subchorionic region. Simultaneously, the amniotic fluid was brownish colored. From these findings, it was possible to have prenatal diagnosis of massive subchorionic thrombohematoma. At 32 weeks' gestation, the fetus died in utero and was stillborn 3 days later. Pathological findings for the placenta revealed a large hematoma diffused between the villous chorion and the chorionic plate, with wide necrosis of placental tissue, likely due to formation of multiple thrombi. The clinical and pathological findings were compatible with massive subchorionic thrombohematoma. MRI might be useful for the detection of massive subchorionic thrombohematoma and help its clinical management in combination with USG and pulse Doppler imaging.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of p53 protein, Bcl-2 protein and Ki-67 as predictors of chemosensitivity of malignant tumors.

In various types of human malignant tumors, the presence or absence of expression of apoptosis-associated gene products (p53 protein and Bcl-2 protein) and the tumor proliferation activity-related factor (Ki-67) was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and the correlation between this expression and chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs was investigated. Study subjects comprised 55 preoperative patients with untreated malignant tumors (9 with esophageal cancer, 11 with stomach cancer, 11 with colon cancer, 13 with hepatic cancer and 11 with breast cancer). A chemosensitivity test was carried out with the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) method using 4 drugs, mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin hydrochloride (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP). Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess expression of p53 protein, Bcl-2 protein and Ki-67. The tumor growth inhibition index (I.I.) of the 4 drugs was significantly lower in a group of the patients with p53 protein overexpression-type (mutant p53 protein positive expression-type) tumors than in a group with p53 protein negative expression-type tumors (p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between the expression of the Bcl-2 protein by and the I.I. of any drug studied in any type of cancer. A negative correlation was found between the labeling index (L.I.) for Ki-67 in all cases and I.I. for MMC and ADM and thus, chemosensitivity of the tumors with high growth activity was lower. Furthermore, a positive correlation existed between the L.I. for Ki-67 and that for p53 protein. The patients with p53 protein overexpression-type (mutant p53 protein positive) tumors showed low chemosensitivity. In addition, overexpression of p53 protein is suggested to be one of the factors involved in the lowered chemosensitivity of the tumors with high growth activity. Summarizing these findings, the p53 protein can play an important role in cancer therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applicability and advantages of flow artifact-insensitive fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR sequences for imaging the posterior fossa.

We describe a new sequence, flow artifact-insensitive fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FAIS-FLAIR), that capitalizes on the advantages of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) while minimizing FLAIR-related artifacts such as those often encountered in the posterior fossa. Twenty-eight patients with posterior fossa disease underwent FAIS-FLAIR, conventional FLAIR, and spin-echo MR studies, and the findings yielded by the three techniques were compared. In this patient population, postcontrast FAIS-FLAIR imaging was obtained in 20 patients and compared with postcontrast T1-weighted images. The images were assessed for lesion conspicuity by three radiologists. FAIS-FLAIR markedly reduces the inflow artifacts from noninverted CSF on FLAIR images. It does so with and without contrast agent administration, and produces higher lesion conspicuity compared with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences and conventional FLAIR images of the posterior fossa.

Artifacts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast medium precipitation in the stomach between contiguous plain and contrast CT scans.

Precipitation of diluted Gastrografin (meglumine sodium amidotrizoate) occurred in the stomach during computed tomography (CT) examination in a 43-year-old man with fasting. Precipitation was not observed on the initial plain CT scan, but was demonstrated on the contrast-enhanced CT scan following the plain CT. Hyperacidity in the stomach might be promoted during CT examination and cause precipitation between scans.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric leiomyoblastoma: report of a case.

The case of a 38-year-old man with an exogastric leiomyoblastoma is reported. CT and ultrasound examinations revealed a large mass in the left hypochondrium that had both solid and cystic components. These findings mimicked those of cystadenoma of the pancreas. Because of intraperitoneal hemorrhage in the preoperative course, emergency laparotomy was performed. A large tumor was found to arise from the greater curvature of the stomach. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perfusion, inhalation, and ventilation studies in patients with primary lung carcinoma.

To determine the relative roles of perfusion, inhalation, and ventilation lung scintigraphy, studies were done respectively in 48, 50, and 34 of 54 primary lung carcinoma patients (prior to thoracotomy and subsequent radical tumor resection). We observed the relationships between both the size of perfusion, inhalation, and ventilation defects observed scintigraphically, and the size of the mass lesion seen radiologically. We also estimated the correlation between those scintigraphic classifications and pTN. Although inhalation and perfusion images exhibited similar patterns, in hilar type lung carcinoma patients, the inhalation study showed superior mass lesion delineation. In peripheral type lung carcinoma, however, the incidence of negative inhalation defect (52%) differed significantly from that of negative perfusion defect (21%) (p less than 0.05). Xe-133 gas ventilation has limitations but is occasionally helpful in detecting obstructive airway disease. The coexistence ratio of COPD in lung carcinoma patients showed no significant difference from that of COPD in the controls. Perfusion and inhalation classification did not correlate with pTN factor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipids associated with dog gastric mucus glycoprotein.

The lipid content and composition of dog gastric mucus and its mucus glycoprotein before and after Pronase digestion was investigated. The mucus and the purified glycoprotein, in its intact and degraded form, were extracted with chloroform/methanol and the lipids contained in the extracts were quantitated. The lipids accounted for 18.9% of the dry weight of mucus and their content increased to 29.4% in the purified glycoprotein and fell to 27.8% following digestion of the glycoprotein with Pronase. In comparison to mucus, lipids associated with undegraded glycoprotein contained 1.7 times more phospholipids and 1.8 times more glycolipids, and were virtually free of glycosphinoglipids. Pronase digestion of the glycoprotein led to 2.3-fold decrease in phospholipids and 1.3-fold increase in glyceroglucolipids. The results suggest that the interaction of mucus glycoprotein with phospholipids involves its nonglycosylated region.

Animals↗