Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Kojima.
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A technique of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of plasma proteins is described. Human plasma proteins were separated by isoelectric focusing followed by electrophoresis in a 4 to 21% linear gradient gel slab. No denaturing agent was used throughout the procedure, so that the analysis of native proteins is possible. Two-dimensional patterns obtained from normal human plasma samples were recorded as "staining density maps," which are similar to contour line maps, and more than 230 protein spots were counted reproducibly on each "staining density map." This technique permits the simultaneous estimation of pI's and approximate molecular weights of native proteins on the slab gel. Applications of this technique to an IgA myeloma plasma sample and a porcine serum sample are described.
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A comparative study of the glycolipids was performed on two cell lines of rat ascites hepatomas, island-forming and free cell types, and several marked differences were found as follows: 1. Hexose content in glycolipids derived from AH 7974F (free cell type) was about 3.6-fold as much as that from AH 7974 (island-forming cell type) on the basis of dry cell weight. 2. The glycolipids in the cells of AH 7974 were tentatively identified as glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide, globoside and hematoside (GM3) by both thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. 3. On the other hand, the glycolipids in AH 7974F cells were glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide and at least four unknown lipids. 4. Structure of one of these unknown lipids was shown to be asialo-GM2 by methylation and enzymatic degradation studies. Moreover, the presence of asialo-GM1 was suggested by immunoprecipitation test with anti-asialo-GM1 serum. 5. Glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide from AH 7974F cells were found to possess hydroxy fatty acids as major fatty acids components, which were rare in these glycolipids from AH 7974 cells.
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The effect of somatostatin (GH-RIH) on gastric, pancreatic and biliary secretion was examined in the anesthetized rats. Intravenous infusion of the hormone, in graded doses ranging from 1 to 16 microgram/kg/hr, produced a dose dependent inhibition of pentagastrin, 1.5 microgram/kg/hr, induced acid secretion, reaching about 54% of control level at the dose of 16 microgram/kg/hr. Somatostatin, 4, 16 and 64 microgram/kg/hr, inhibited the pancreatic juice volume stimulated by intravenous injection of secretin, 1 u/kg, as a bolus. Somatostastin, 2, 8, 32 and 128 microgram/kg/30 min, did not change the bile flow rate in control period. Somatostatin may play a physiological role in the regulation of the secretory process of the stomach and pancreas.
1. Electrophoretic separation of proteases from human gastric mucosal extracts of five patients with gastric ulcer, one with duodenal ulcer and three with gastric cancer were investigated by agar-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 and pH 5.0. 2. In the fundic mucosal study, there were seven faster moving proteases in all nine cases, but the slowest moving protease showed a slightly different picture in each case. In the antral mucosal study, two of eight cases showed mainly group II pepsinogens, seven of nine cases, however, showed the same results as in the fundic mucosal study. 3. In the cases of the nine mucosal extracts activated at pH 1.5 or pH 4.0, they all showed the same electrophoretic separation at each pH level. At these two pH levels, however, quite different electrophoretic patterns were observed. The presence of pepsin 3 appeared to diminish at the higher levels of pH, although that of pepsin 5 and pepsin 7 appeared to increase at pH 4.0 and above. Pepsin 6 appeared for the first time at pH 4.0 and existed at higher pH levels. 4. We thus conclude that electrophoretic patterns of pepsins in the gastric mucosal extracts are changeable depending on the pH level of the incubating medium, and further that diversity of pepsins in gastric juices may also depend on the pH level of gastric juices.
Cells (1 X 10(7)/0.5 ml) from a Borrmann type III poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the human stomach were injected ip into nude mice. The injection resulted in ascites carcinoma with invasion (carcinomatous peritonitis) and liver metastasis. The inoculum was obtained from subcutaneous tumors at passage 9 in nude mice that had received serial transplants from the patient with Borrmann type III poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Serial transfers of 1.5 X 10(6) dispersed cancer cells/0.5 ml into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice converted this adenocarcinoma to an ascites form. Hemorrhagic ascites accumulated within 3 weeks at the first passage and 4-6 weeks in serial passages. Carcinomas peritonitis occurred consistently and was observed in the diaphragm, mesenteries, omentum, and pancreas; metastases were seen in the liver and spleen. Subsequently, iv injection of ascites at passage 3 (6 X 10(5) cells/0.2 ml) into nude mice produced metastatic lesions in the lung and the heart. The histology of the invasive and metastatic lesions in the nude mice was similar to that of the original tumor in the patient with stomach carcinoma.
Glycolipid composition of purified plasma membranes from rat ascites hepatomas, two island-forming cell-lines and two cell-lines of the free-type, and normal rat liver were compared. Ceramide monohexoside (CMH), ceramide dihexoside (CDH), and hematoside (GM3) were found in normal rat liver cell membranes. The island-type hepatomas contained ceramide trihexoside (CTh) and globoside besides CMH, CDH, and GM3. The free-type of hepatomas were characterized by the presence of asialo-type gangliosides but not GM3. The free-type of hepatomas were characterized by the presence of asialo-type gangliosides but not GM3. Blood group H active fucolipid was a major glycolipid in the free-type of ascites hepatoma cell (AH 7974 F). The increase of glycolipid content in cell membranes seemed to be accompanied with a decrease of cell adhesiveness.
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To clarify the high hemolytic activity of BIS-GMA, the molar concentration producing 50% hemolysis (H50) and the partition coefficient inoctanol-water were determined using BIS-GMA and various types of methacrylates. It is suggested that the strong hemolytic potency of BIS-GMA is due to the high hydrophobic nature of the compound.
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An off-axis Fresnel zone plate, through use of a halftone screen to introduce a spatial carrier frequency, can be used as a large-area, coded aperture for imaging incoherent radiation sources. This paper discusses the structure of off-axis Fresnel zone plate as an aperture and the mentods of imaging from the viewpoint of the spatial resolution by optical simulation, appending some examples of objects, holograms and reconstructed images. It is then concluded that the off-axis Fresnel zone plate having D (diameter) = 5.8 cm and nuc (spatial center frequency) = 23 l/cm is sufficient for the reconstructed images.