The hemophagocytic syndrome in prostate cancer revealed by disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
K Koizumi
Publications and source records attributed to K Koizumi.
Visual results and complications of temporal incision phacoemulsification performed with the non-dominant left hand by junior ophthalmologists.
AIMS: To assess the results of temporal incision phacoemulsification and aspiration performed with dominant and non-dominant hand of ophthalmology trainees. METHODS: Retrospective analysis were made of 203 surgeries with dominant hand and 207 with non-dominant by five trainees at two institutions. Trainees sat at the patient's head, manipulating instruments with the dominant right hand for the right eye, and the non-dominant left hand for the left eye. RESULTS: Vitreous loss occurred in 12 (5.9%) of 203 dominant operated eyes and seven (3.4%) of 207 non-dominant operated eyes. The rate of endothelial cell loss was 6.1% (9.8%) in dominant and 7.4% (12.4%) in non-dominant. Mean ultrasound time were 1.81 (0.70) minutes in dominant and 1.78 (0.78) minutes in non-dominant. One trainee showed statistically significant excesses in incidence of vitreous loss in dominant operated eyes (8.7%, p=0.0270), and one showed statistically significant prolongation of the operation in nondominant operated eyes (26.3 minutes, p=0.0315). In all other trainees, all parameters had no difference in both sides. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmology trainees could successfully learn the technique with both hands. The authors consider that the skill of the non-dominant hand may be knowledge based and that surgeons avoid mistakes by mental efforts.
Adolescent↗
Aberrations in the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) seems to be closely associated with lung carcinogenesis. To identify the genetic characteristics of precancerous IPF lesions in the peripheral lung, we performed PCR-based microsatellite analysis with DNA extracted from microdissected tissues; fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene and immunohistochemical analysis of Fhit protein expression in samples of metaplasias and bronchiolar epithelia obtained from patients with IPF. We used four microsatellite markers of the FHIT gene within or flanking the FHIT gene on chromosome 3p for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis. LOH of the FHIT locus was frequently found among the lesions of metaplasias and bronchiolar epithelia in the patients with IPF [62 (52%) of 119 informative lesions]. Fifty-four (73%) of the 74 lesions of metaplasias and bronchiolar epithelia obtained from the IPF patients with lung carcinoma and 8 (17%) of the 46 samples obtained from the IPF patients without lung carcinoma showed LOH at the FHIT gene (P < 0.0001). We confirmed allelic loss in the metaplasias and bronchiolar epithelia of IPF by FISH analysis of the FHIT gene. Additionally, the level of Fhit protein expression in the metaplastic cells of IPF was frequently reduced. Our findings suggest that allelic loss of the FHIT gene may be involved in carcinogenesis in the peripheral lung of patients with IPF.
Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
Isolation and structural analyses of positional isomers of 6(1),6(n)-di-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)cyclomaltoheptaose (n=2, 3, and 4) and 6-O-[6-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]cyclomaltoheptaose.
6-O-[6-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]cyclomaltoheptaose (beta CD) and three positional isomers of 6(1),6(n)-di-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)cyclomaltoheptaose (n=2, 3, and 4) in a mixture of products from beta CD and N-acetylglucosamine by the reversed reaction of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from jack bean were isolated and purified by HPLC. The structures of four isomers of di-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta CDs were determined by FABMS and NMR spectroscopy. The degree of polymerization of the branched oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic degradation with bacterial saccharifying alpha-amylase (BSA) was established by LC-MS methods.
Acetylglucosamine↗
Molecular cloning and characterization of a KRAB-containing zinc finger protein, ZNF317, and its isoforms.
To identify zinc finger genes in human primary cultured erythroid progenitor cells, RT-PCR was performed using primers specific for the conserved sequence in zinc finger domains of mouse Friend of GATA-1. We identified a novel Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) zinc finger gene, ZNF317. Evaluation of full-length cDNA obtained by RACE showed that it encoded a protein composed of 13 Krüppel-like zinc fingers and a KRAB domain. RT-PCR analysis revealed four alternatively splicing products (ZNF317-1 through ZNF317-4). The ZNF317 gene has seven exons and is located in human chromosome 19p13. Northern analysis revealed that ZNF317-1 and ZNF317-2 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed, whereas ZNF317-3 and ZNF317-4 transcripts were detected only in lymphocytes, spleen, and lung. Competitive RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of ZNF317 mRNA significantly decreased during erythroid maturation. In lymphocytes, ZNF317 expression was reduced in response to mitogenic stimulation. We propose that ZNF317 may play an important role in erythroid maturation and lymphoid proliferation.
Alternative Splicing↗
Genetic pathways in the evolution of morphologically distinct colorectal neoplasms.
Colorectal adenomas can be morphologically classified as exophytic or flat. Polypoid cancers and cancers arising de novo (ie., without any adenomatous component) might be the results of genetic progression from exophytic and flat adenomas, respectively. In this study, we examined 94 morphologically distinct neoplastic specimens for mutations in K-RAS and analyzed 10 microsatellite loci tightly linked to the tumor suppressor genes APC, p53, DCC/SMAD4, hMSH2, and hMLH1. K-RAS mutations were significantly associated with exophytic adenomas [11 of 21 (52%)] compared to flat adenomas [2 of 13(15%), P < 0.03] and polypoid cancers [17 of 25 (68%)] compared to cancers arising de novo [7 of 25 (28%), P < 0.01]. Two polypoid cancer cases demonstrated three and four different K-RAS mutations, respectively, suggesting multiple areas of clonal expansion. Cancers arising de novo were significantly associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 3p compared to pol ypoid cancers [6 of 18(33%) versus 1 of 20(5%), P < 0.03], whereas the prevalence of LOH at chromosomes 2p, 5q, 17p, and 18q and microsatellite instability were not different between the groups. For all cancers, LOH at chromosomes 17p and 18q occurred in 47 and 51%, respectively. However, LOH at 17p and 18q occurred in 0 and 16% of benign lesions, respectively, suggesting their role in malignant transformation. There was no difference in LOH at chromosomes 17p and 18q between exophytic and flat lesions. These findings suggest that (a) mutant K-RAS is associated with the exophytic growth of colonic neoplasms, and that (b) some colorectal cancers arising de novo lose chromosome 3p during their evolution, which is not seen in polypoid cancers. Half of all cancers lose chromosomes 17p and 18q at or near the malignant transition of benign lesions as reported previously, irrespective of morphology. There may be more than one genetic avenue for colorectal cancer formation, and this correlates with the morphological characteristics.
Adenoma↗
Surgical treatment for a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm.
OBJECTIVE: The treatment for a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm remains controversial. This study was undertaken to assess the outcome from surgery. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1998, we have performed 19 operations for a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm. Patients with an impending rupture or a chronic false aneurysm were excluded. There were 11 men and 8 women, with a mean age of 70.5 +/- 6.7 years. The aneurysm was caused by dissection in 8 patients. Of these, 7 were acute (Stanford type A, 6; type B, 1), and the other one was chronic (type B). Aortic rupture occurred into the pericardial cavity (n = 7), into the left lung (n = 6), the mediastinum (n = 3), the pleural cavity (n = 2), or into the esophagus (n = 1). Severely unstable hemodynamics were noted in 12 patients with a rupture into the pericardium, mediastinum, or pleural cavity (Group A). Inotropic support was required in each of these patients. Metabolic acidosis developed all but 1 patient. The 7 patients with a rupture into the lung or esophagus coughed or vomited blood (Group B). The operative approach was anterior (n = 17) or lateral (n = 2). Grafts were placed in the ascending aorta (n = 4), ascending and transverse arch aorta (n = 7), transverse arch aorta (n = 3), or in the descending thoracic aorta (n = 5). Selective cerebral perfusion was used in 13 patients. RESULTS: There were 5 hospital deaths (26.3%). The postoperative complications included central nervous system dysfunction (n = 3), low cardiac output syndrome or cardiac arrhythmias (n = 3), respiratory failure (n = 4), acute renal failure (n = 1), and local or systemic infections (n = 4). The perioperative event-free rate was 36.8% overall, 25% in Group A, and 57.1% in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with unstable hemodynamics require prompt operative intervention. Rupture into the esophagus is associated with a high mortality rate. Rupture in a thoracic aortic aneurysm can be successfully treated with emergency surgery.
Aged↗
Changes in right ventricular performance in elderly patients who underwent lobectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer.
OBJECTIVE: Even though lobectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer has been reported to be beneficial in terms of the perioperative outcome, changes in the right ventricular performance have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery is also advantageous with respect to the right ventricular performance in elderly patients who are 70 years old or older. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients (mean age: 76 years) who underwent lobectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery (Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery Group), and 10 patients (mean age: 76 years) who underwent lobectomy using a standard thoracotomy as a historical control group (Standard Thoracotomy Group) were studied. The hemodynamics and right ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated preoperatively, and at 6, 12, 24, and at 48 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperative values were expressed as a percentage of the preoperative values. The systemic vascular resistance index decreased to a greater extent in the Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery Group than in the Standard Thoracotomy Group. The pulmonary arteriolar resistance index at 24 hours postoperation tended to be higher in the Standard Thoracotomy Group than in the Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery Group. The stroke index, cardiac index, and right ventricular ejection fraction at 24 hours postoperation were each significantly higher in the Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery Group than in the Standard Thoracotomy Group. CONCLUSION: Lobectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery for elderly patients offers not only beneficial effects in the right ventricular afterload but also acceleration in the expected compensatory hyperdynamics during the acute postoperative phase.
Aged↗
Dramatic intestinal uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in a pediatric patient with enteritis.
A pediatric patient with enteritis, which showed dramatically diffuse uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in the intestine, is reported. Repeated study after medical treatment exhibited complete disappearance of the intestinal uptake. 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy has the potentiality for diagnosing and monitoring active enteritis.
Child, Preschool↗
Evaluation of crossed cerebellar diaschisis in 30 patients with major cerebral artery occlusion by means of quantitative I-123 IMP SPECT.
Quantitative crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and the correlation with a reduction in supratentorial regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVR) were investigated in clinically stable patients with major cerebral artery occlusion by the iodine-123-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) method. Thirty patients with major cerebral artery occlusion underwent SPECT by the I-123 IMP autoradiographic method. Regional CBF was measured in the cerebral hemisphere, frontal and parietal lobes, temporo-parietal lobe, and cerebellum both at rest and after administration of acetazolamide. Eighteen of 30 patients (60%) had CCD. CCD was significantly related to magnetic resonance imaging evidence of infarction. Quantitative CCD was 17% and the CVR in the cerebellum was preserved in patients with CCD. There was a significant difference in CBF and CVR between the affected and normal sides in all regions of interest in the patients without CCD [CBF (ml/100 g/min): hemisphere (H), normal side (N): 31.4 +/- 6.8, affected side (A): 27.5 +/- 7.4; p < 0.05. CVR: H, N: 0.56 +/- 0.38, A: 0.42 +/- 0.18; p < 0.01]. CCD is common in patients with major cerebral artery occlusion, and quantitative I-123 IMP SPECT is helpful in detecting CCD in clinically stable patients with occlusion of major cerebral arteries.
Adult↗
A simple objective parameter for perfusion study of renal transplant.
We proposed a simple parameter, the kidney-to-aorta ratio (KAR), for evaluation of renal transplant perfusion. KAR was calculated from the peak counts of the kidney and the aorta. The calculated values were compared with the visual interpretation of the radionuclide first-pass flow study, percent renal uptake (%RU), and tubular extraction rate (TER) by Bubeck's one point sampling method in 37 studies. KAR correlated well with the visual interpretation of the flow study and the other quantitative parameters. Representative cases, which showed the usefulness of KAR for the objective assessment of the perfusion status of renal transplants, were presented. In conclusion, KAR is a simple and practically useful parameter for objective evaluation and follow-up of renal transplant perfusion.
Adult↗
Reversal of HIV-associated motor neuron syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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Adult↗
A search for Drosophila neural precursor genes identifies ran.
The Drosophila ran gene has been isolated in a differential cDNA screen designed to identify genes that are dynamically expressed in embryonic neuroblasts. The guanine triphosphate (GTP)-binding Ran protein, a member of the Ras superfamily, has been shown to participate in a variety of transport related processes in other organisms. Drosophila ran codes for a 216 amino acid (aa) protein that shares 78% and 86% identity with the yeast and human Ran proteins, respectively. Database searches have identified a second Drosophila ran gene, ran-like. The predicted Ran-like protein shares 59% identity with its isoform. Embryo in situ mRNA localization of ran and ran-like expression reveals that both are maternally expressed; however zygotic ran expression is restricted to central nervous system (CNS) neuroblasts undergoing late lineage formation, while ran-like expression is detected in the developing trachea and salivary gland. To investigate the significance of ran-restricted CNS expression, we have targeted its misexpression to different temporal windows of CNS development. In addition, a dominant-negative mutant form of ran was targeted to the developing CNS and to the larval eye/antenna imaginal disc to assess the role of ran-dependent functions. Embryonic CNS misexpression of the mutant, but not wild-type, ran results in larval death. Neither wild-type nor mutant ran misexpression had any detectable effect on embryonic CNS lineage specification, nuclear transport of a number of CNS-specific transcription factors or axonal guidance. However, expression of the dominant-negative mutant ran in the developing eye/antenna disc did result in a severe adult eye phenotype marked by apoptosis of photoreceptor, cone and pigment cells.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Prediction of the postoperative pulmonary function and complication rate in elderly patients.
We analyzed the risk factors predisposing elderly patients to develop postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) and investigated the possibility of predicting the postoperative pulmonary function and PRC rate. The postoperative pulmonary functions were predicted according to a simplified system, which we developed using plain chest roentgenograms from patients with primary lung cancer. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of PRCs were performed in 39 elderly patients with lung cancer from July 1982 to March 1991 (the early period). Based on the results obtained, the permissible extent of lung resection to achieve a predicted postoperative % forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppo%FEV1.0) and a predicted postoperative % vital capacity (ppo%VC) of more than 55% was selected as the basic criteria for undergoing such an operation after April 1991 (the recent period). A ppo%FEV1.0 and/or ppo%VC of 55% or less was the most significant risk factor for developing PRCs. The PRC rate decreased from 33.3% to 9.8% (P = 0.0251) and the operative mortality rate decreased from 10.3% to 0%. The survival rates for stage I, II. and III cases were not significantly different between the early and recent periods. Decisions made on the operability and the permissible extent of lung resection based on our system using plain chest roentgenograms therefore appeared to reduce the PRC rate and operative mortality rate in elderly patients.
Aged↗
Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein level as possible risk factors for exudative age-related macular degeneration.
PURPOSE: Paraoxonase (E.C.3.1.1.2) is a polymorphic protein shown to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Our purpose is to evaluate the hypothesis that paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein level play a role in the occurrence of exudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: We analyzed paraoxonase genotypes (A/B, Gln-Arg192 and L/M, Leu-Met54) and plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels in 72 unrelated Japanese patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration and compared the results with those of 140 age-matched and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS: The distribution of paraoxonase 192 and paraoxonase 54 polymorphisms was significantly different between the patients with age-related macular degeneration and control subjects (chi-square = 6.226, P =.0445, and chi-square = 6.863, P =.0323, respectively). The high frequency of the BB genotype at position 192 was observed in the exudative age-related macular degeneration group compared with control subjects (52.8% vs 35.0%, respectively; P =.0127). The high frequency of the LL genotype at position 54 was observed in the patients more than the controls (91.7% vs 77.1%, respectively; P =.0090). The mean (+/- SE) oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels in the patients was significantly higher than in the controls (19.1 +/- 1.0 vs 16.2 +/- 0.6 U/ml, P <.01). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the paraoxonase gene polymorphisms may represent a possible genetic risk factor for age-related macular degeneration and that increased plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
Aged↗
Investigation of Corneal Autofluorescence in Diabetic Patients.
Purpose: The investigation of corneal autofluorescence in diabetic patients.Objects and Methods: Corneal autofluorescence was investigated with a newly-developed fluorophotometer (wave length: excitation, 290-390 nm; emission, 430-630 nm) having, fluorescence characteristics involving those of reduced pyridine nucleotides (PN) and advanced glycation endoproduct (AGE) except pentosidine and pyrraline. Twenty-eight patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and sixty-seven healthy volunteers were studied.Results: The corneal autofluorescence was 1.65 times higher than that of controls (P <.0001). In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the corneal autofluorescenece was not correlated significantly with various diabetic parameters in blood (r < 0.4). In controls, the corneal autofluorescence was correlated significantly with age (r = 0.438).Conclusion: The corneal autofluorescence has some relation with PN and AGE accumulation in the cornea.
Journal Article↗
Stem cell factor prevents Fas-mediated apoptosis of human erythroid precursor cells with Src-family kinase dependency.
The Fas ligand (Fas-L) expressed on mature erythroblasts may induce apoptosis of more immature erythroid cells that express Fas, whereas stem cell factor (SCF) may prevent Fas-mediated cell death in hematopoietic progenitor cells. The manner in which SCF prevents Fas-mediated cell death still is unclear. Given the essential role of SCF and the potentially important involvement of the Fas/Fas-L system in the development of erythrocytes, we studied mechanisms related to SCF prevention of Fas-mediated apoptosis. We used primary cultured human erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFC) derived from CD34+ cells and enriched glycophorin A positive (GPA+) c-kit+ cells in ECFC. Apoptosis of ECFC was induced by an Fas-L mimetic monoclonal antibody CH11. DNA fragmentation and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were measured using commercially available kits. Characterization of expanded cells was performed using multiparameter flow cytometry. Lyn kinase activity was measured by enolase kinase assays. SCF inhibited the CH11-induced DNA fragmentation of ECFC as well as enriched GPA+ c-kit+ cells in ECFC, but not those of GPA+ c-kit- cells. SCF also inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8, without downregulation of the surface expression of Fas, suggesting that SCF prevents apoptosis through uncoupling of Fas ligation from subsequent caspase activation. PP2, a specific inhibitor of Src-family kinases, antagonized the effects of SCF in preventing Fas-mediated apoptosis. We propose that SCF prevents Fas-mediated apoptosis of erythroid progenitor cells in a manner dependent on the activity of Src-family tyrosine kinases. We also identified active Lyn in erythroid cells. These data suggest the presence of a novel Src-family-dependent function of SCF in the development of erythrocytes.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Stem cell factor protects c-kit+ human primary erythroid cells from apoptosis.
OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that stem cell factor (SCF) promotes cell survival in primary cultured human erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFC). Given the heterogeneous nature of ECFC, which may affect interpretation of the data, we purified c-kit+ ECFC and investigated the specificity and mechanisms of the anti-apoptotic effects of SCF on these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glycophorin A+ (GPA+) c-kit+ cells were purified from primary cultured ECFC derived from purified human CD34+ cells. The GPA+c-kit- and nonerythroid cells were generated from the same CD34+ cells. Apoptosis of ECFC was investigated in the absence or presence of SCF and erythropoietin (EPO) in serum-free medium. DNA fragmentation was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for oligonucleosome-sized DNA, gel electrophoresis, and annexin V labeling. Characterization of expanded cells and enriched cells was performed using multiparameter flow cytometry. For Akt assay, cells were lysed and the cleared lysates subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting. RESULTS: In GPA+c-kit+ cells, deprivation of cytokine caused rapid DNA fragmentation within 4 hours that reached a maximum at 6 hours. This was partially but clearly prevented by SCF or EPO. In contrast, no significant DNA fragmentation was seen in GPA+c-kit- and nonerythroid cells within 24 hours. PP2, a specific Src family kinase inhibitor, but not its inactive analogue PP3, reversed the anti-apoptotic effects of SCF. PP2 also inhibited SCF-induced phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that SCF protects purified human GPA+c-kit+ cells from apoptosis and suggest that kit-mediated Src kinase activation is involved in Akt activation and cell survival.
Apoptosis↗