Inhaled indomethacin in bronchorrhea in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: role of cyclooxygenase.
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Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kohri
Publications and source records attributed to K Kohri.
[Effects of the gene transfer into sperm mediated by liposomes on sperm motility and fertilization in vitro].
To clarify the problems of gene transfer in the fertility clinic, we investigated the safety and effectiveness of the gene transfer of mouse sperm using the lipofection method. We used the pCAGGS-lacZ plasmid connected with cytomegarovirus enhancer/chicken beta-actin promoter as an adventitious gene. After incubation of the DNA-liposome complex and mouse sperm of epididymis in the medium, we investigated the sperm motility after gene transfer, in vitro fertilization rate of the gene transferred sperm, and gene expression of the fertilized ovum and fetus. Sperm motility was lowered significantly with the increase in DNA density. The fertilization rate for in vitro fertilization was lowered significantly with the increase in DNA density. Gene expression was observed in some of the fertilized ova. In the fetus 12.5 days after embryo transfer, gene transfer was confirmed by the PCR method, but we could not find gene expression by X-gal staining. We proved that the sperm with a gene transferred by the lipofection method could fertilize the ovum and transfer adventitious gene to ova. We speculate that sperm motility and fertility rate were lowered because the introduction of DNA and the DNA-liposome complex destroyed parts of the cell. Development of a sperm fractionation method for DNA transfer and establishment of a method for effective and safe DNA transfer are awaited.
Animals↗
[Clinical role of cell cycle regulators in androgen-dependent cancer cell growth].
The functional and quantitative alterations in cell cycle regulators after androgen depletion in an androgen-dependent cancer cell and the interaction between androgen receptor and cell cycle regulators were examined in order to clarify the initial response of cancer cells to anti-androgen therapy. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis (FACS) of androgen-dependent cancer cell line (SC-3) cells cultured with or without 1 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) revealed that suppression of cell growth after androgen withdrawal was due to G1 arrest. The protein level of cyclin D1 decreased without any apparent change in the amounts of Cdk2, Cdk4, cyclin E or cyclin A. Among various Cdk inhibitors (CKIs) examined, p27 was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels 24 h after androgen depletion. On the other hand, cyclin E has been shown to increase the transactivation activity of the human androgen receptor (AR) in the presence of DHT. These results suggest that cell cycle regulators are critical targets in the initial response of androgen-dependent cancer cells to androgen depletion and play a key role in the transcriptional activity of AR.
Androgens↗
[Effects for pregnancy of mice in parabolic flight].
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Animals↗
Macrolide antibiotics protect against immune complex-induced lung injury in rats: role of nitric oxide from alveolar macrophages.
Macrolide antibiotics have unique immunomodulatory actions apart from antimicrobial properties. We studied the effects of macrolides on IgG immune complex (IgG-ICx)-induced lung injury in rats in vivo and in vitro. Intrapulmonary deposition of IgG-ICx produced a time-dependent increase in the concentration of NO in exhaled air. There were corresponding increases in the number of neutrophils accumulated into alveolar spaces, and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio. All of these changes were inhibited by pretreatment with erythromycin or josamycin, but not by amoxicillin or cephaclor. Incubation of cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages caused up-regulation of NO production and expression of inducible NO synthase mRNA, an effect that was dose dependently inhibited by erythromycin, roxithromycin, or josamycin. The macrolides also reduced IgG-ICx-induced release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but did not alter the release of NO induced by exogenously added IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics specifically inhibit immune complex-induced lung injury presumably by inhibiting cytokine release and the resultant down-regulation of inducible NO synthase gene expression and NO production by rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
Animals↗
Promoting effects of intravesical instillation of saline on bladder lesion development in rats pretreated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine are inhibited by bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
The promoting effects of intravesical instillation of saline and the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for prophylaxis of bladder carcinogenesis were assessed. Rats were given 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 10 weeks; they were then given 6 weekly intravesical instillations of BCG, saline or distilled water starting 1 week or 15 weeks after the BBN treatment. At 32 weeks, both the incidences and numbers of bladder cancers were elevated in animals receiving the saline. An exception was the early phase BCG group. Significant increases in tumor size were also noted for the saline, but not the distilled water group. The results indicate that intravesical instillation of saline promotes urinary bladder carcinogenesis. However, the inhibitory influence of BCG was suggested if administered at the early, but not the late phase, of carcinogenesis.
Animals↗
The effect of takusha, a kampo medicine, on renal stone formation and osteopontin expression in a rat urolithiasis model.
Kampo medicine is a traditional Japanese therapeutic system which originated in China and was used to treat various diseases for hundreds of years. Kampo medicine had been also used for the cure and the prevention of urinary calculi for many years, but the effect and the mechanism of this use of kampo medicine are unclear. We examined the inhibitory effect of the kampo medicine takusha on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and vitamin D3 in rats. We also investigated the effect of takusha on osteopontin (OPN) expression, which we previously identified as an important stone matrix protein. The control group rats were non-treated; the stone group rats were administered EG and vitamin D3, and the takusha group was administered takusha in addition to EG and vitamin D3. The rate of renal stone formation was lower in the takusha group than in the stone group; thus, the OPN expression in the takusha group was smaller than in the stone group. Takusha was effective in preventing oxalate calculi formation and OPN expression in rats. These findings suggest that takusha prevents stone formation including not only calcium oxalate aggregation but also proliferation.
Animals↗
Calcium phosphate stones produced by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells inoculated in nude mice.
The canine renal distal tubular cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) forms calcium phosphate microliths during a long-term culture in vitro. We identified osteopontin (OPN) and calprotectin (CPT) from a urinary stone matrix. We recently also detected the expression of OPN and CPT in MDCK cells. The relationship between the mechanism of the stone formation and these stone matrix proteins is not yet known. Here, MDCK cells were cultured and inoculated in the subcutis of nude mice. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the inoculated tissues were resected, fixed and immunostained with polyclonal anti-human OPN and polyclonal anti-human CPT antibodies. Some serial specimens were stained with von Kossa's procedure. MDCK cells formed some follicular formations in the subcutis of nude mice at least at 12 weeks after transplantation. At 8 weeks after the inoculation, we detected small calcium phosphate stones with MDCK cells trapped in the follicles. The cells forming the stones also expressed both OPN and CPT. The CPT expression sites coincided with the stone formation sites. We confirmed that MDCK cells inoculated in nude mice had stone-forming potential, and we speculate that OPN and CPT play important roles in stone formation by MDCK cells.
Animals↗
Quantification of osteopontin in the urine of healthy and stone-forming men.
Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the most important components in calcium stone matrix, but its role in stone formation is not clear. Since quantitative data regarding the excretion of OPN are necessary to assess its role, we have developed a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for OPN, and measured the urinary OPN concentrations in urolithiasis patients. Forty-seven men with urinary stones composed chiefly of calcium oxalate participated in the study. The controls were 13 normal healthy male volunteers. Urine samples were collected early in the morning and analyzed by a quantitative ELISA employing purified polyclonal antibodies to synthesized OPN aminopolypeptides. The urinary ratio of the concentrations of OPN and creatinine (OPN/Cre) in the urolithiasis patients (0.039 +/- 0.029) was significantly lower than that in the control subjects (0.062 +/- 0.030) (P<0.05). Single stone formers (n = 26; 0.050 +/- 0.020) had significantly higher OPN/Cre ratios compared with recurrent stone formers (n = 21; 0.031 +/- 0.021) (P<0. 05). The results show that OPN excretion in urolithiasis patients was lowered, presumably because of the incorporation of OPN by kidney stones.
Adult↗
Distribution of osteopontin and calprotectin as matrix protein in calcium-containing stone.
We recently reported that osteopontin (OPN) and calprotectin (CPT) are present in the matrix of urinary calcium stones, and that OPN mRNA is expressed in the renal distal tubular cells. In the present study, we examined the immunohistochemical distributions of OPN and CPT in urinary stones. The stones used in this study were passed spontaneously from the upper urinary tract. One half of each of the stones was analyzed with an infrared spectrophotometer, and were shown to be comprised of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and cystine. The other half of each stone was immersed in tetrasodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA) solution. The half-stones were embedded in paraffin and cut into 5-microm sections. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was employed. A monoclonal antibody to human milk-derived OPN and a monoclonal antibody to human granulocyte-derived CPT were used as primary antibodies. The immunochemical study using the OPN and CPT antibodies showed positive staining of the matrix of the urinary calcium stones. The stones showed staining in two distinct zones: a core area was stained with randomly aggregated OPN and CPT, and peripheral layers were stained in concentric circles. On the basis of our observations, it is reasonable to presume that OPN and CPT play roles as the matrix in the structure of urinary calcium stones.
Animals↗
Expression of bone matrix proteins in urolithiasis model rats.
Urinary calcium stones are a pathological substance, and they show similarities to physiological mineralization and other pathological mineralizations. The expression of messenger (m) RNAs of osteopontin (OPN), matrix Gla protein (MGP), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) in bones and teeth has been described. We previously identified OPN as an important stone matrix protein. In addition, the spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking MGP was recently reported, a finding which indicates that MGP has a function as an inhibitor of mineralization. Here, we examined the mRNA expressions of OPN, MGP, ON, and OC in the kidneys of stone-forming model rats administered an oxalate precursor, ethylene glycol (EG) for up to 28 days. The Northern blotting showed that the mRNA expressions of OPN and MGP were markedly increased with the administration of EG, but their expression patterns differed. The OPN mRNA expression reached the maximal level at day 7 after the initiation of the EG treatment and showed no significant difference after 14 and 28 days, whereas the MGP mRNA expression rose gradually to day 28. The in situ hybridization demonstrated that the cell type expressing OPN mRNA was different from that expressing MGP. We suggest that OPN acts on calcification and MGP acts on suppression.
Animals↗
Correction of completely buried penis using the modified preputial island pedicle flap method.
The buried penis is a rare congenital abnormality caused by a deficiency of penile shaft skin and abnormal attachments of the dartos fascia to Buck's fascia. The basis for surgical correction is directed at freeing the penile shaft from abnormal dartos attachments, refixing dartos fascia to Buck's fascia to prevent retraction of the penis, and providing adequate shaft skin coverage with the inner preputial skin. The authors report a modified preputial island pedicle flap method for correcting the completely buried penis performed on 2 patients (ages 9 months and 1 year) at Nagoya City University Medical School.
Humans↗
CAG repeats in the androgen receptor: a case of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy associated with prostate cancer.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Inhibitory effects of female sex hormones on urinary stone formation in rats.
BACKGROUND: The effects of female sex hormones on urinary stone formation are not known. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of these hormones on stone formation by using an ethylene glycol (EG) and vitamin D-induced rat urolithiasis model. METHODS: Adult female Wistar rats were fed the same diet for four weeks and were then divided into four groups (N = 10 each). One group was administered 0.5 ml of olive oil three times per week for four weeks as a control. The other three groups were administered 0. 5 microg of vitamin D3 and 0.5 ml of 5% EG three times per week for four weeks. The rats in two of these three groups were oophorectomized, and the rats of the remaining group underwent a sham operation on the day before the start of the four-week treatment period. One of the two oophorectomized groups was then administered a supplementation of female sex hormones (0.1 mg of estrogen and 2.5 mg of progesterone 3 times per week for 4 weeks). On the first day of the fifth week of the experimental period, the degree of crystal deposition was determined histologically, and the calcium content in renal tissue was measured. We also investigated the level of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA in renal tissues by Northern blot analysis. OPN is a matrix protein thought to be a promoter of stone formation. RESULTS: The urinary oxalate excretion, crystal deposition and calcium content in renal tissue and the expression of OPN-mRNA were greater in the oophorectomized rats compared with the controls, and the same parameters were inhibited by the female sex hormone supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that female sex hormones can inhibit renal crystal deposition in EG-treated rats by suppressing the urinary oxalate excretion and the expression of OPN.
Animals↗
Effect of functional magnetic particles on radiofrequency capacitive heating.
Magnetic particles (magnetite) were used to make radiofrequency (RF) capacitive hyperthermia effective to a specific site. In an agar phantom experiment, a magnetite-containing agar piece was buried in a large agar phantom and heated by an 8 MHz-RF capacitive heating device. The magnetite-containing agar piece was heated more than the magnetite-free agar phantom, and the specific adsorption rate in the phantom was increased 1.5 times by the magnetite particles. The temperature distribution in the large agar phantom showed that the highest temperature was obtained at the center of the magnetite-containing piece. The rate of temperature increase was approximately proportional to the magnetite concentration to the power 0.8. This method was applied to an in vivo experiment using a pig. Magnetite was prepared as a colloidal material dispersed in a carboxymethylcellulose solution (CMC-Mag) and intramuscularly injected in the pig femur. As a result of 8 MHz-RF heating, the temperature at the CMC-Mag-injected point increased to over 43 degrees C after 7 min, while the temperature at a point without magnetite was under 40 degrees C at the same time. The specific adsorption rate in the magnetite-containing tissue was twice that of the magnetite-free tissue. In addition, the time required to reach a temperature of over 43 degrees C was only 7 min, while it was over 15 min in the case without the CMC-Mag.
Animals↗
Interaction between osteopontin on madin darby canine kidney cell membrane and calcium oxalate crystal.
We recently reported that the addition of the protein osteopontin (OPN) resulted in an increase in the deposition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals on the surface of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. To determine the degree to which this increased deposition is caused by OPN, we investigated the extent to which the CaOx crystal deposition produced by the expression of OPN at the cell surface was suppressed by 4 different methods prior to the determination of the level of CaOx crystal binding. MDCK cells (2 x 10(6) cells/well) were cultured to a confluent state, and the binding of OPN to the cellular surface was then inhibited by adding one of the following 4 substances: human OPN polyclonal antibody, thrombin, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and tunicamycin. The cells were cultured for 24 h. We then used a fluorescent antibody technique with an OPN polyclonal antibody to determined whether the expression of OPN at the cell surface was inhibited, and we measured the degree of CaOx crystal deposition using the isotope (45)Ca. The degree of CaOx crystal deposition was inhibited by 80% or more in the antibody-treated group, by 50-80% in the thrombin-treated group, by 60-80% in the cyclic RGD-treated group, and by 50-60% in the tunicamycin-treated group. These results suggest that OPN in the extracellular matrix is the main cause of CaOx crystal deposition on the surface of MDCK cells.
Animals↗
Osteopontin expression in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
OBJECTIVES: Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted adhesive glycoprotein, has been shown to be produced in excessive amounts in a variety of experimental models of malignancy. Increased levels of OPN exist in blood from the lungs, breasts, and gastrointestinal tracts of cancer patients with metastases. However, there have been no reports on the expression of OPN in human urological malignancies. The present study investigates the presence of OPN in adenocarcinoma of the human prostate and in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using prostate tissue from 34 patients with primary prostate cancer, 13 patients with prostate cancer after having undergone hormonal therapy, and 12 patients with BPH, formalin-fixed paraffin sections were prepared. Specimens were obtained by needle biopsy or radical prostatectomy. Immunohistochemical staining (ABC method) was then performed. Staining was divided into either negative or positive categories. RESULTS: Positive staining of OPN was observed on cancer cells and macrophages in 52.9% of the primary prostate cancers and 14.5% of the prostate cancers after hormonal therapy. In BPH specimens, 66.7% of the cases displayed positive staining of OPN. The staining level of OPN showed no correlation with serum prostate-specific antigen, but did correlate with stage, differentiation, and Gleason's score. CONCLUSIONS: The result postulates that the expression of OPN is an indicator of cell differentiation; however, it cannot be used as a marker of malignancy in prostate cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗