Studies on Xanthine Oxidase: The Oxidation-Reduction Potential of the Oxidase System.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kodama
Publications and source records attributed to K Kodama.
On the Further Purification of the Xanthine Oxidase.
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Journal Article↗
The Preparation and Physico-chemical Properties of Sericin.
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Journal Article↗
Pleural lavage cytology immediately after thoracotomy and before closure of the thoracic cavity for lung cancer without pleural effusion and dissemination: clinicopathologic and prognostic analysis.
BACKGROUND: The significance of intraoperative pleural lavage cytology (PLC) in lung cancer patients without malignant effusion remains undetermined in terms of staging, prognosis, and local management. METHODS: PLC was performed both after thoractomy and before closure of the thoracic cavity in 325 patients with lung cancer without malignant pleurisy. RESULTS: According to the PLC results (positive [+] or negative [-] after thoracotomy/before closure), the patients were classified as follows: group A (-/-), 262 patients; group B (+/-), 19; group C (-/+), 22; and group D (+/+), 22. In comparison with group A, group C showed more advanced stage with aggressive nodal involvement, and group D showed more advanced lung cancer related to pleural and nodal involvement, whereas group B showed characteristics similar to those of group A. The rate of pleural recurrence in group D was the highest (26%). In particular, pleural recurrence was seen in the patients with a relatively large number of adenocarcinoma cells in PLC after thoractomy. The patients in groups C and D, especially those with adenocarcinoma, showed poorer prognosis, but in a multivariate analysis, PLC status was not an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: PLC status after thoractomy provides useful information in the detection of high-risk subgroup for pleural recurrence. Although PLC status is closely associated with survival, its prognostic value is not independent.
Adult↗
Changes of albumin concentrations in the first morning urine according to age and sex in 2990 healthy children and adults.
This study was performed to clarify the changes in urinary albumin excretion according to age and sex in healthy subjects, for the appropriate judgment of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Concentrations of albumin in the first morning urine from 2990 healthy individuals (1713 males, 1277 females) aged from 6 to 39 years were measured by turbidimetry immunoassay. Reference values of the concentrations for each age group were obtained from the 95% confidence limits from the distribution simulated by the chi 2-test (k = 1). Reference values were 1.3-2.2 mg/dl in children aged 6-11 years. Values for females increased significantly from 22 mg/dl at age 11 years to 3.9 mg/dl at age 12 years (P < 0.0001) and those of males increased gradually from 1.7 mg/dl at age 11 years to 3.9 mg/dl at age 16 years. There were significant differences between males and females at the ages of 12 (P < 0.0001), 13 (P < 0.0001), and 14 (P < 0.0007). After 17 years, the values decreased from 3.9 mg/dl to 3.3 mg/dl in females, and to 2.9 mg/dl in males. We conclude that reference values of urinary albumin excretion change according to age and sex, which should be taken into consideration in the assessment of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM.
Adolescent↗
Motor function of infants with spastic hemiplegia.
The motor function of 25 children with spastic hemiplegia was examined retrospectively using videotapes recorded at 2-8 months of age. Many infants showed deficient forward movement of the arm and deficient opening of the hand on the affected side. At 7 and 8 months of age, whether the hand was semiflexed or clenched was correlated with the later upper extremity function. In the prone position, most could support their weight on the flexed arm on the affected side. In the supine position, half of the infants could not extend the knee on the affected side. At 2 months of age, asymmetry of the upper and lower extremity movements was not identified. Persistent primitive reflexes and abnormal truncal muscular tone were not recognized in the hemiplegic infants, and did not seem to be signs predicting hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy↗
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: histochemical study of biopsied muscles.
Morphometric analysis was performed after histochemical staining on 12 biopsied muscles of the affected limbs from 12 patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Except for one muscle, samples demonstrated variation in fiber size associated with abnormal fiber type distribution suggesting abnormal innervation: large groups of atrophic fibers in one muscle, either type 1 or 2 fiber predominance with occasional fiber type grouping in five, a complete lack of type 2 fibers in one, type one fiber atrophy in one, both type 2A and 2B fiber atrophy in two, and increased number of type 2C fibers in four. In most patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, a defect in neural influence on the developing muscles may be responsible for the absence or maldevelopment of some muscle groups. Underdeveloped muscles are then assumed to induce imbalance of agonists and antagonists resulting in permanent contractures.
Adolescent↗
Gross motor patterns in children with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia.
Rolling, sitting, and crawling patterns were motoscopically analyzed in 72 children with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia; the relation between these patterns and the severity of the locomotive disability was studied. In rolling, trunk rotation and elbow support were difficult for the most severely diplegic children. When sitting, most patients had a between-heel sitting pattern in which the thighs were adducted and the knees were flexed. When crawling, the reciprocal thigh movements were insufficient and accompanied by lateral bending of the trunk in many patients. In the more impaired patients, the thighs supported the weight in flexion and did not move reciprocally. Creeping on the elbows without reciprocal leg movements was demonstrated in the most severely affected children after 2 years of age.
Cerebral Palsy↗
Predictors of 1-year outcome for patients with panic disorder.
The course of panic disorder (PD) is often prolonged, but factors that affect the social outcome have not yet been made clear. The aim of this study was to find predictors of outcome for patients with PD. The subjects were 65 outpatients (28 men and 37 women) with PD (DSM-III-R) who were treated at our hospital for more than 1 year. The factors affecting 1-year outcome were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. We found that the following were predictors of poor social outcome in PD: (1) severe agoraphobia at the first psychiatric examination and (2) long duration of illness before the first psychiatric consultation. Furthermore, the complication of hypochondriacal symptoms predicted a poor outcome for PD. Early attention to agoraphobia and hypochondriasis is essential for the treatment of PD, and early introduction to psychiatric treatment is recommended.
Adolescent↗
Dynamic change in collateral flow associated with myocardial ischemia in humans.
BACKGROUND: This study sought to investigate how collateral flow changes during myocardial ischemia in patients. METHODS: Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and rapid atrial pacing were performed in 20 patients with angiographically evidenced coronary collaterals from the right coronary artery (RCA) to the occluded left anterior descending coronary artery. Sonicated contrast medium was injected into the RCA before and immediately after atrial pacing to determine the peak background-subtracted contrast intensity (PI) in the collateral territory (PIA) and its ratio to PI in the control territory (PI ratio) as parameters of collateral blood flow. Lactate production in the coronary circulation during pacing was determined to assess myocardial ischemia in the collateral territory. RESULTS: PIA showed a significant correlation with regional wall motion either before (r(squared)=-0.64, P<0.01) or after pacing (r(squared)=-0.65, P<0.01). Similarly, PI ratio was significantly correlated with regional wall motion either before (r(squared)=-0.54, P<0.05) or after pacing (r(squared)=-0.64, P<0.01). Rapid atrial pacing decreased both PIA and PI ratio significantly greater in patients with lactate production than in those without (PIA: -67+/-53 vs. -15+/-34%, P<0.05; PI ratio: -68+/-49 vs. -8.2+/-32%, P<0.05, respectively), while neither PIA nor PI ratio differ between the two groups of patients before pacing (PIA: 13.8+/-19. vs. 16.2+/-13.3U, P=0.75; PI ratio: 0.70+/-0.71 vs. 0.87+/-0.65, P=0.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that (1) collateral flow determined by MCE was closely associated with regional cardiac function, and (2) not the amount of collateral flow at rest, but pacing-induced change of collateral flow seemed to be a determinant of regional ischemia in patients with coronary collaterals.
Aged↗
Homologous complement activation on drug-induced apoptotic cells from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.
Activation of the alternative pathway of homologous complement (C) was observed in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, CADO 43, after the cells had become apoptotic following treatment in vitro with vincristine and predonisolone. Deposition of C3b and C3bi on the serum-treated apoptotic cells was revealed by flow cytometry with anti-C3b and -C3bi-specific antibodies and immunoblotting with anti-C3 antibody immunoprecipitates extracted from solubilized fractions of serum-treated apoptotic cells. Two molecular mechanisms were found to be responsible for this post-apoptotic C-activation. Firstly, all C regulators, decay accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and C3b/C4b receptor (CR1), were diminished on the cell surface concomitantly with the apoptotic process. Secondly, unidentified molecules which potentially activate homologous C and accept C3b/C3bi fragments became expressed on the cell surface during the apoptotic process. These findings may explain the mechanism whereby tumor cells are efficiently eliminated through chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Doppler echocardiographic assessment of changes in pulmonary artery pressure associated with vasodilating therapy in patients with congestive heart failure.
Transpulmonic pressure gradient and pulmonary artery pressures can be estimated from the Doppler pulmonary regurgitant flow velocities by applying the simplified Bernoulli equation. In this study, continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to assess changes in pulmonary regurgitant flow velocities associated with administration of vasodilators in 10 patients with congestive heart failure. M-Mode echocardiographic parameters such as left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimension and fractional shortening did not change with administration of vasodilators. Pulmonary regurgitant flow velocity at end diastole decreased from 1.9 +/- 0.6 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 m/sec (p less than 0.01), and Doppler-estimated transpulmonic pressure gradient at end diastole decreased from 16 +/- 11 to 8 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Doppler-estimated transpulmonic pressure gradient at end diastole was compared with catheterization-determined pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure before and after administration of vasodilators in three patients, and there was a good agreement between these measurements. Thus noninvasive and sensitive assessment of the effect of vasodilators on pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure in patients with congestive heart failure is possible with continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic measurement of pulmonary regurgitant flow velocities.
Adolescent↗
Placental transfer of heavy metals in normal pregnant Japanese women.
To investigate the interrelation of heavy metals and the influence on next generation, total mercury and methylmercury, lead, cadmium, manganese, copper, zinc, and iron were determined in the maternal blood, placenta, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood. Samples were collected at delivery from 231 pregnant women who were living in the city of Nagoya, located in the central district of Japan, during 1974 and 1978. Total mercury and methylmercury, cadmium, and iron were higher in cord blood than in maternal blood, whereas copper and zinc were lower. Significant positive correlations were observed between maternal and cord blood with regard to total mercury and methylmercury, lead, cadmium, and manganese contents. Significant correlations were also observed between many pairs of metals, particularly in umbilical cord and its blood.
Air Pollutants↗
Extracorporeal elimination of carbon dioxide using a surface-heparinized veno-venous bypass system.
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Animals↗
Suppressive effect of captopril on platelet aggregation in essential hypertension.
Effects of captopril on platelet aggregation were studied in 12 essential hypertensive subjects. At the same time, the effects of captopril and angiotensin II on platelet aggregation in vitro were examined in 20 volunteers. A 50-mg oral dose of captopril was administered daily to hypertensive subjects for 2 weeks; the dose was then increased to 100 mg daily for the next 2 weeks. Values of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid before captopril treatment were 71.9 +/- 4.5, 77.3 +/- 4.2, 72.4 +/- 4.1, and 70.8 +/- 4.3% (mean +/- SE), respectively. Two weeks after daily administration of 50 mg captopril, these values were 56.7 +/- 4.5, 50.8 +/- 7.6, 64.0 +/- 4.6, and 60.9 +/- 3.9%, respectively, with significant reduction of platelet aggregation (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01, and p less than 0.005, respectively). Daily administration of 100 mg captopril also had a significant suppressive effect on platelet aggregation. Changes of platelet count and serum lipids were not significant. In vitro, captopril and angiotensin II added to platelet-rich plasma had no effect on platelet aggregation. These results show that the suppressive effect of captopril on platelet aggregation is a secondary action in vivo.
Aged↗
Haemodynamic and hormonal effects of prazosin on head-up tilt in essential hypertensive patients: comparison with those of propranolol.
To evaluate the haemodynamic and hormonal effects of prazosin, head-up tilt was performed in 10 essential hypertensive patients, and these effects of prazosin on the tilt were compared with those of propranolol. The tilts were performed in control phase and the last days of treatment for two weeks with propranolol (90 mg/day) or prazosin (3-6 mg/day). Each drug significantly lowered the mean blood pressure at rest, and also suppressed its rise on the tilt. Heart rates were significantly increased by the tilt in the control phase, in the propranolol phase and in the prazosin phase. Cardiac index was significantly reduced by the tilt from 2.66 (s.e.m. = 0.22) 1/min per m2 to 2.08 (s.e.m. = 0.20) in the propranolol phase. However, there were not significant changes in other phases. Total peripheral resistance indices were significantly increased by the tilt in all three phases. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were significantly increased by the tilt from 2.14 (s.e.m. = 0.47) ng/ml per h to 2.46 (s.e.m. = 0.54) and from 50.6 (s.e.m. = 12.9) pg/ml to 74.9 (s.e.m. = 14.9) respectively, in the control phase. And they were also significantly increased from 1.06 (s.e.m. = 0.29) to 1.65 (s.e.m. = 0.45) and from 41.4 (s.e.m. = 16.3) to 54.0 (s.e.m. = 17.4) in the prazosin phase. There were no significant increases during the administration of propranolol. We observed that prazosin did not alter heart rate and cardiac index, but suppressed the renin-angiotensin system at rest. It is suggested that prazosin did not influence haemodynamic and hormonal responses to the tilt.
Aged↗
Retinoblastoma protein expression in lung cancer: an immunohistochemical analysis.
Several analyses of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in lung cancer at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels have recently been reported. In particular, small cell lung carcinoma shows a high incidence of RB gene abnormalities, suggesting that alterations of this gene may participate in tumor development. In the present study, we used an immunohistochemical technique with a monoclonal antibody raised against RB protein (PMG3-245) to detect its expression in representative paraffin sections of tissues obtained from 108 patients with various types of lung cancer treated by surgical resection of the primary tumor. While deletion of RB protein expression was observed in 7 (88%) of small cell lung carcinomas, only 17 (17%) of 100 non-small cell lung carcinomas showed decreased RB protein levels and 6 (6%) showed no RB protein expression. This low incidence of RB protein expression abnormalities in non-small cell lung carcinomas was significant (p < 0.0001). Thus, in contrast to small cell lung carcinoma, abnormalities in RB protein expression may be minor events in non-small cell lung carcinoma. In addition, no significant correlation was found between abnormalities in RB protein expression and clinical factors such as stage, tumor size, and nodal involvement in non-small cell lung carcinoma. However, abnormalities in RB protein expression in squamous cell carcinoma were observed only in the less differentiated types (p = 0.144), and there was a weak but not statistically significant association in non-small cell lung carcinoma between RB protein status and prognosis (p = 0.09). Therefore, in non-small cell lung carcinoma, although abnormalities in RB protein appear not to be closely associated with tumor development, further studies on a larger scale and with a longer-term follow-up are required to determine the clinicopathological significance of RB gene abnormalities, in particular the relationship between abnormalities of RB protein and differentiation or prognosis.
Adult↗
Cerebrovascular diseases in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with special reference to relationship between type and risk factors.
A study was made of the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, the chronological trends, and the relationship between the disease types and risk factors in 16,491 citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The subjects underwent medical examination at least once between 1958-74, and were free of cerebrovascular disease at the initial examination. During the 16-year period, 1.162 cases of cerebrovascular disease developed in the study population, with diagnosis definite in 621. By type, there were 108 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 469 cases of cerebral infarction, 33 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 11 cases of other unclassifiable types. As a risk factor of cerebral hemorrhage, elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most closely related to onset, and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram (ECG), and proteinuria were also related. However, a tendency was seen for the risk to be higher when the levels of serum cholesterol were lower. In cerebral infarction, aging like systolic blood pressure, was a most important risk factor. Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, proteinuria, and diabetes could also be risk factors. However, the relation to blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, was not so great as in the case of cerebral hemorrhage.
Adult↗