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Biomedical subjects

K Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to K Kodama.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

CT-pathologic correlation in small peripheral lung cancers.

To evaluate the morphology of small peripheral lung cancers, we studied thin-section CT images of 18 small peripheral lung cancers (14 adenocarcinomas, two squamous-cell carcinomas, one large-cell carcinoma, and one carcinoid) in 17 patients. After surgical resection, specimens were sliced transversely, and the gross morphology and histology were correlated with the appearance of the lesion on preoperative thin-section CT images. CT images showed fine speculations in 78%, a notch in 83%, pleural retraction in 78%, and convergence of peripheral vessels in 83% of the 18 lung cancers. Furthermore, in cases of papillary adenocarcinoma, the lesions had heterogeneous densities (78%) and small cavitations (67%). CT showed a peripheral fluffy zone in most of the well- or moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinomas. This correlated well with tumor cells lining the alveolar walls, observed in pathologic studies. Comparison of thin-section CT images with pathologic data suggests that the demonstration of the lung-tumor interface and the tumor's internal texture, while not specific for malignant lesions, can make the CT diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancers more accurate.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Possible association of specific HLA haplotype in a pedigree with familial polyposis coli.

HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR typing was performed in a pedigree with familial polyposis coli (FPC). Three living members with FPC and one member without obvious FPC had the same HLA haplotype; A24(9)-B51-X-DRw8 (X indicates undetected HLA-C locus). It was genetically deduced that a deceased member with FPC also had this haplotype. No other members had this haplotype. No association was found between FPC and other HLA haplotypes. Thus an association between the specific HLA haplotype and FPC was suspected in this family.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1987

[Two-dimensional echocardiographic echo intensity distribution by histographic analysis].

To assess myocardial tissue changes, the distribution of echo intensities of two-dimensional echocardiograms was analyzed using a histogram. The materials were obtained from six normal subjects (N), 29 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and 12 patients one year or more after the onset of anteroseptal myocardial infarction (MI). A transducer with a central frequency of 2.3 MHz was used. Scanner receiver settings, including sensitivity-time control, were kept constant for all subjects. The parasternal long-axis image was digitized and computer-processed. The region of interest was located within the interventricular septum. The mean echo intensity and its distribution were studied. The shape of the histogram was evaluated for skewness and kurtosis. Relative echo intensity: N = 0.23 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SD) less than LVH = 0.58 +/- 0.18 less than MI = 1.07 +/- 0.25 (p less than 0.01). Skewness: N = 1.58 +/- 0.63 greater than LVH = 0.60 +/- 0.61 greater than MI = -0.14 +/- 0.43 (p less than 0.01). Kurtosis: N = 18.0 +/- 7.3 greater than LVH = 10.5 +/- 3.3 greater than MI = 7.7 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.01). These differences may closely relate to an increase in collagen fiber content. Consequently, analysis of the myocardial echo intensity distribution, in addition to mean echo intensities, may become a clinically useful approach for identifying myocardial tissue changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrasonic tissue characterization in diagnosing myocardial infarction].

To evaluate myocardial tissue changes using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, several approaches were attempted. 1. Quantitative evaluation of the myocardial echo intensity by computerized image processing in patients with old anteroseptal myocardial infarction: 2D echocardiograms of the parasternal long-axis view were converted to digital images to measure the echo intensity of the regions of interest (ROI) placed in the interventricular septum (IVS), the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), the left ventricular cavity, and the pericardium. The mean value of the echo intensity was compared with that of the pericardium (maximum echo intensity) and of the left ventricular cavity as the minimum. In 12 normal subjects, the relative echo intensity of the IVS was 0.40 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE), whereas it was 0.71 +/- 0.06 in 11 patients with old MI (p less than 0.001). Color display facilitated the visual recognition of the numerical differences in echo intensities. 2. Evaluation of the myocardial echo intensity in acute phase of myocardial infarction: In nine normal elderly persons, the relative echo intensity of IVS was 0.29 +/- 0.14, and there was no significant change in the early stage (three to seven days) of acute infarction (0.31 +/- 0.14). Two weeks later, however, a significant increase was noted (0.61 +/- 0.10) (p less than 0.01), probably due to an increase in collagen fibers. 3. Changes of the myocardial echo intensity in acute myocardial ischemia: Two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in nine open-chest dogs using 3 and 5 MHz transducers before and 10 min, 1 hr, 3 hrs, and 6 hrs after coronary artery ligation. With the 5 MHz transducer, the echo intensity of the ischemic myocardium was decreased after 10 min and was remarkable after 1 hr (0.24 +/- 0.08), and restored in six hrs. These changes could not be detected using the 3 MHz transducer. 4. An in vitro study for assessment of ultrasonic attenuation in the canine infarcted myocardium: The frequency dependency of ultrasonic attenuation of the resected canine myocardium in the frequency region of 2 MHz to 7 MHz was estimated one and two weeks after coronary artery ligation. The distributions of attenuation characteristics were nearly consistent with those of collagen contents determined histologically. In conclusion, we demonstrated that acute and chronic ischemia of the myocardium influences the transmission and reflection of ultrasound. By applying this property, ultrasonic tissue characterization may become a useful tool for detecting myocardial ischemia in the near future.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Postoperative local thermo-chemotherapy in control of residual pleural diseases after resection of primary lung carcinoma--regulation of dissemination].

Pleural dissemination was proved by intraoperative histodiagnosis in 11 of 121 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung between April, 1985 and December, 1986. To control such intrathoracic residual diseases, we devised a means of local thermo-chemotherapy. Ten of 11 patients were treated with intrapleurally administrated cisplatin (50-100mg, bolus) combined with simultaneous radiofrequency hyperthermia (13.56 MHz) for 2 to 3 weeks after surgery. Courses were repeated at 5-to 7-day intervals. Eight patients had N2-disease, one N1 and the other NX. Eight were adenocarcinomas. Thermal burn of the chest wall with hyperkalemia was observed in only one patient who received thermotherapy at the over a magnetrode power of 450 watts for 50 minutes. In the other 9, side effects were minimal under the thermotherapy to obtain a peripleural temperature beyond 42 degrees C. Of the 10 patients, three lived more than 12 months after treatment. Although distant metastases were recognized in 6 cases, none had local recurrence for the median follow-up period of 6 months. One patient had metastasis to the contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. Because there was no evidence of intrathoracic recurrences in this patient, radical neck dissection were performed 15 months after the initial operation. This experience warrants further investigation of thermo-chemotherapy as a treatment for controlling pleural dissemination after resection of primary tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Experience of cefuzoname in pediatric patients. Fundamental and clinical investigations].

Cefuzoname (CZON) was administered to 50 pediatric patients with infections, and the efficacy was investigated in 49 patients. The efficacy rate was 83.7% and the drug was evaluated to be highly effective for diseases in the pediatric field. The activity of CZON was especially good against Staphylococcus aureus, and the efficacy rate for 13 clinical isolates was 69.2%, which was comparable to that of cefotiam or cefazolin. CZON appeared to be useable alone in Gram-positive infections. It might be very powerful in the control of infections in secondary immunodeficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Thrombin inactivation on surfaces with covalently bonded heparin.

About 8000 Daltons porcine mucosa heparin fragments were covalently bonded by end-point attachment to polyethylene. The interaction between the immobilized heparin, added thrombin, and antithrombin III [AT] was investigated. The heparin surface was adsorbed with either albumin, AT dissolved in albumin or Tyrode, or platelet free plasma. Irrespective of the pre-treatment procedure, exposure of the surface to thrombin resulted in the same substantial decrease of thrombin in solution and the same degree of surface-confined thrombin activity. It was concluded that the heparin surface has a large capacity to bind thrombin and that the thrombin inhibitory capacity of high affinity heparin fragments is limited. On exposure of the thrombin-loaded surfaces to defibrinogenated plasma or AT, the surface-confined thrombin was inhibited within 30 seconds. Successive dilutions of plasma or AT decreased the inhibition rate but not the inhibition capacity. It is concluded that inhibition of thrombin adsorbed on the heparin surface occurs as follows: Added AT adheres to high affinity heparin fragments on the surface whereupon adsorbed thrombin migrates in the hydrophilic heparin coating towards the reaction site of AT and becomes inhibited. The inactivated thrombin-AT complex leaves then the surface, thus enabling the process to be repeated.

Antithrombin III↗