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Biomedical subjects

K Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to K Kodama.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) therapy for brain metastasis of lung cancer. I. Distribution within the central nervous system after intravenous and intracarotid infusion.

The distribution of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) was studied in 23 patients undergoing surgical resection of brain tumors metastatic from lung cancer. CDDP (100 mg/m2) was administered intravenously (i.v.) or intra-arterially (IA) at the time of surgery, and various fluids and tissues were sampled for measurement of drug concentration. Comparison of the two routes of administration disclosed that the plasma level was slightly lower after IA than after i.v. infusion, whereas there was no difference between the two routes in terms of drug diffusion into the brain tissue adjacent to the tumor. However, IA administration resulted in an intratumoral drug concentration twice as high as that achieved with i.v. infusion. The tumor:plasma and tumor:adjacent brain ratios of drug concentration after IA injection were also twice those measured after i.v. administration. The distribution pattern of CDDP is characteristic of water-soluble agents. All patients experienced tolerable nausea and vomiting. Creatinine clearance was moderately reduced in ten cases, but no serious renal toxicity was observed. Seizures occurred postoperatively in nine patients. Infrequent side effects were myelosuppression, ototoxicity, and postoperative intracranial bleeding. All adverse effects disappeared with conservative treatment or no intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) therapy for brain metastasis of lung cancer. II: Clinical effects.

Parenchymal brain tumors, which were metastases of primary lung cancer, were surgically removed from 25 patients. During the operation, patients were administered (intravenous or intracarotid) 100 mg/sq m of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and postoperatively, they received intravenous CDDP at 3-month intervals for 1 year. The results of this mode of treatment were compared with those obtained in 25 patients who underwent the same surgery but received other anticancer agents and in 39 patients who received no postoperative chemotherapy. Patients in the CDDP-treated group survived much longer than both of the other treatment groups. In the CDDP, but not in the other two groups, survival was significantly longer in patients who had undergone resection of their lung tumors than in those who had not. The stage of lung cancer was not found to significantly influence survival time among CDDP-treated patients. Brain metastasis was the cause of death in 12% of the patients who received CDDP, in 16% those treated with other drugs, and in 26% of those who received no chemotherapy. The incidence of local and remote intracranial tumor recurrence, including meningeal carcinomatosis, was similar in the three groups. However, the mean interval from resection of the metastatic brain tumor to local or remote recurrence was longer in the CDDP-treated group than in the other two groups, and the 2-year-survival rate was significantly higher after CDDP administration. These results suggest that CDDP may be useful in the therapy of metastatic brain tumors derived from lung cancer.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Supported angioplasty with synchronized retroperfusion in high-risk patients with left main trunk or near left main trunk obstruction.

To test the feasibility of synchronized retroperfusion (SRP) as a support device of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for high-risk patients, 10 patients with left main trunk or near left main trunk obstruction underwent PTCA with SRP. An 8.5F retroperfusion catheter was inserted from the antecubital vein into the coronary sinus. Arterial blood was supplied through the catheter into the myocardium with a retroperfusion pump during the diastolic phase by means of ECG triggering. In all patients, the narrowings were successfully dilated and an improvement of more than 20% in the luminal diameter stenosis was achieved; however, narrowing of more than 50% (58%) remained in one patient. In all patients, systemic hemodynamics was maintained for more than 30 seconds during balloon inflation. In seven patients, a 60-second balloon inflation was possible without any collapse of systemic hemodynamics. To test the protective effect of SRP on myocardial ischemia and impairment of systemic hemodynamics, balloon inflation without SRP was performed in eight patients after successful dilatation. The duration for balloon inflation with SRP (71 +/- 30 seconds; n = 8) was significantly longer than that without SRP (56 +/- 30 seconds; n = 8). The decrease in systolic aortic pressure, the increase in pulmonary diastolic pressure, and ST-T segment elevation in the precordial lead of ECG during balloon inflation with SRP were less than those during balloon inflation without SRP. After PTCA, angina was not provoked by exercise stress testing in any of the 10 patients. We concluded that SRP is a beneficial support device of PTCA for high-risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and DNA sequence of a 29 kilodalton polypeptide gene of Mycoplasma gallisepticum as a possible protective antigen.

A lambda gt11 clone, designated M1 and having a 0.8 kilobase (kb) insert, was selected by screening a Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M.g.) genomic DNA library with antisera against M.g. cells and their membrane proteins. The sequence of a 1.7 kb EcoRI fragment of genomic DNA covering the entire M1 insert revealed a long open reading frame, TM-1, that encoded a polypeptide with a deduced molecular weight of 29 kDa. An antiserum raised in chicken against the TM-1 polypeptide, which was produced by recombinant Escherichia coli cells and purified by column chromatography, inhibited growth of M.g. cells in vitro. Moreover, chickens immunized with this polypeptide were partially protected from a challenge with virulent M.g. This polypeptide may serve as the basis for a vaccine against M.g. infection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Attenuation of increased regional myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise as a major cause of warm-up phenomenon.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the warm-up phenomenon is attributable to a reduction of increased myocardial oxygen consumption rather than to increased coronary blood flow during exercise. BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanism of the warm-up phenomenon is not elucidated. METHODS: Thirteen patients with effort angina were subjected to two consecutive supine ergometer exercise tests performed 15 min apart. All patients had severe proximal stenosis (> 90%) in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Great cardiac vein flow was measured before and during exercise. Both regional myocardial oxygen consumption and adenosine release were determined. RESULTS: Exercise was continued for significantly longer before angina onset in the second than in the first exercise test (507 +/- 44 vs. 410 +/- 42 s, p < 0.01). The extent of ST segment depression in lead V5 of the electrocardiogram (ECG) was larger at the time of angina onset in the first (1.7 +/- 0.2 mm) than in the second (1.1 +/- 0.2 mm, p < 0.01) exercise test. Neither systemic hemodynamic variables nor great cardiac vein flow differed between the first and second exercise tests. In contrast, regional myocardial oxygen consumption assessed at 3 min of exercise was significantly (p < 0.01) less in the second than in the first test (8.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.7 +/- 0.9 ml/min). Adenosine release during the second test was higher (p < 0.05) than in the first test (2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.5 nmol/min at 3 min of the first and second tests, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the warm-up phenomenon is not attributable to increased coronary flow but to attenuation of increased regional myocardial oxygen consumption, which may be mediated by adenosine A1 receptor activation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Stroke trends in Japan.

In Japan, stroke now ranks third among all causes of death following cancer and heart disease. Stroke was the leading cause of death for 3 decades after 1951. Stroke mortality tended to increase until about 1970, but it decreased and yielded first place to cancer in 1981. Heart disease deaths outnumbered stroke deaths beginning in 1985. There have not been any nationwide studies of stroke incidence in Japan, but results of studies in model areas such as Akita/Osaka, Nagano, Hiroshima/Nagasaki, and Hisayama show remarkable decreases in the incidence of cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. However, the decrease in cerebral infarction is less, especially at advanced ages where the frequency of disability is still high, and a major problem. There have not been any nationwide studies of survival rates after stroke either. In the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Study, the cumulative survival rates of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction improved from 1958 to 1969 to the period from 1970 to 1984. The decreasing incidence and mortality rates of stroke and the improving survival rate may be explained by the trends toward less severe strokes and improved medical service; however, the most influential factors are considered to be adoption of a less traditional life-style and improved blood pressure management throughout Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Successful surgery of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the lung with gross extension into the right main pulmonary artery.

We report on successful surgical treatment of a 49-year-old female suffering from malignant fibrous histiocytoma which arose from the lower lobe of the right lung with gross extension into the right main pulmonary artery, mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism. With the aid of a percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system, right pneumonectomy with resection of the right main pulmonary artery and reconstruction of the pulmonary artery was performed. Surgical management and the unique clinicopathological features of this case are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Immunological properties of TtT/M-87 cell line established from murine pituitary tumor-associated macrophages.

TtT/M-87 cell is a macrophage cell line established from thyrotropic pituitary tumor tissues in mouse. In this paper, we report the immunological properties of M-87 cells as a model of tumor-associated macrophage. Contrasting with resident peritoneal macrophages, M-87 cells constitutively secreted small but significant amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha, which were detectable in both biological assays (cytotoxic activity for L929 and co-mitogenic activity for Con A-induced T cell proliferation, respectively) and ELISA, and produced larger amounts of these cytokines upon stimulation with LPS. They expressed MHC class II molecules on their cell surface without stimulation by IFN-gamma. The accessory or antigen-presenting cell activity in antibody-producing response of spleen lymphocytes to sheep red blood cells was shown to be much higher in M-87 cells than normal peritoneal macrophages. In addition, when normal spleen lymphocytes were cultured with allogeneic tumor cells, such as EL-4 and S-180, in the presence of M-87 cells, lymphocytes reactive to stimulator cells were activated to manifest inhibitory effect on the tumor cell growth and also to manifest specific cytotoxic effect on the allogeneic tumor cells. These results show that M-87 cells derived from tumor-associated tissue are activated macrophages and that they are inhibitory to tumor cell growth and augmentative in the induction of T-cell-mediated immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Levels of complement regulatory molecules in lung cancer: disappearance of the D17 epitope of CD55 in small-cell carcinoma.

The levels of complement-regulatory molecules (complement receptor type one [CR1], decay-accelerating factor [DAF], membrane cofactor protein [MCP], and an inhibitor of membrane attack complex [CD59]) in lung cancer cells were analyzed to investigate the relation between their expression and histological subtypes, and the possibility of homologous complement deposition on cancer cells. In 25 cell lines (10 adenocarcinoma, 3 large-cell carcinoma, 7 small-cell lung cancer [SCLC], and 5 squamous cell carcinoma), flow cytometric analysis revealed that MCP was expressed in all cell lines, whereas none of the cell lines was CR1-positive. CD59 was detected in all cells. The DAF epitope defined by IA10 was expressed in all cells except one large cell carcinoma cell line. However, another epitope for anti-DAF monoclonal antibody, D17, was not detected in 5 (71.4%) SCLC and in 4 (22.2%) non-small-cell lung cancer. This disparity was seen in most cell lines, irrespective of histological subtypes. The loss of D17 reactivity seemed to be pertinent to malignant phenotype, because most of the normal pulmonary cells possessed the D17 epitope. Furthermore, a cell line lacking DAF (IA10-/D17-) allowed alternative pathway-mediated homologous complement (C3) deposition after pretreatment with anti-MCP antibody. This raises a new possibility for immunotargeting of cancer. These cell lines should be useful in studying the biology of lung cancer.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

Motor function of infants with athetoid cerebral palsy.

The motor function of 35 children with athetoid cerebral palsy was examined retrospectively using videotape recordings made at five to eight months of age. Many infants showed asymmetric tonic neck, Moro and Galant reflexes. Movements shown to be difficult included: keeping a symmetric supine posture, isolated movements of the hips and knees, forward extension of the upper extremity, extension of neck and trunk in the prone position and in ventral suspension, flexion of the neck in the traction response, and weight support by the upper extremities. Asymmetric or excessive opening of the mouth was present in all infants. The grade of difficulty for each posture and movement might reflect subsequent motor disability at three years of age.

Athetosis↗
PubMed1993

Effects of heparin on the vasodilator action of protamine in the rabbit mesenteric artery.

1. The effects of protamine on the rabbit isolated small mesenteric artery were investigated both in the presence and in the absence of heparin, by the isometric tension-recording method. 2. The dissociation constant for the binding of heparin to protamine has never been previously reported, so in order to minimize the effects of protamine, known to have a vasodilator action, and to examine only the effects of a heparin-protamine complex, the experiments with heparin were performed in the presence of high concentrations of heparin (21-700 u ml-1), concentrations at which heparin itself does not affect the vascular tone. 3. Protamine (15-500 micrograms ml-1), in the absence of heparin, was found to inhibit (P < 0.05) noradrenaline (1 microM)-induced contractions both in endothelium-intact and in endothelium-denuded tissues. 4. Such vasodilator action of protamine in either endothelium-intact or -denuded tissues continued, even in the presence of excess heparin at a heparin/protamine (H/P) ratio of 1.4 u micrograms -1, but was almost completely blocked in the presence of a much greater excess of heparin (H/P ratio > or = 4.7 u micrograms -1): heparin was present both before and during the application of protamine. 5. The vasodilator action of protamine in the absence of heparin was prolonged both in the endothelium-intact and -denuded tissues after protamine had been washed out from the bath with Krebs solution. Although this washing out with a Krebs solution containing excess heparin (4.7 u ml-1) readily reversed such prolonged vasodilator action of protamine both in the endothelium-denuded strips and in the endothelium-intact strips which had been pretreated with inhibitors of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) pathway, it did not affect the prolonged vasodilator action of protamine in the endothelium-intact strips which received no pharmacological intervention.6. These results suggest that: (1) only protamine, not a heparin-protamine complex, exerts vasodilator action in vitro; (2) the vasodilator action of protamine presumably has an EDRF-mediated component;and (3) protamine probably exerts its direct vasodilator action without entering the smooth muscle cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cathepsin B expression in tumour cells and laminin distribution in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

AIMS: To determine the correlation between cathepsin B expression and laminin distribution in pulmonary adenocarcinoma tissue. METHODS: The distribution of cathepsin B and laminin was examined in 28 formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded specimens of pulmonary adenocarcinoma tissue, using a double immunostaining technique with commercially available antibodies to cathepsin B and laminin, respectively. RESULTS: Tumour cells in 23 (82%) cases reacted to cathepsin B: 13 cases were weakly positive and 10 were strongly positive. Laminin in tumour associated basement membrane produced various staining patterns: two cases had an almost continuous distribution of laminin in tumour associated basement membrane in the tumour tissues, while a moderately discontinuous laminin distribution pattern was found in 12 cases, and a highly fragmented pattern was found in 14 cases. The degree of cathepsin B expression in tumour cells was significantly correlated with the break up of laminin staining. In some cases a discontinuous pattern of tumour associated laminin was frequently observed adjacent to cathepsin B positive tumour cell nests. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that cathepsin B has the capacity to degrade basement membrane components, including laminin, the inverse correlation shown in this study between the increase in cathepsin B expression by tumour cells and the diminution of laminin in tumour associated basement membrane could reflect local progression and spread by pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Demonstration of functional border zone with myocardial contrast echocardiography in human hearts. Simultaneous analysis of myocardial perfusion and wall motion abnormalities.

BACKGROUND: Although the presence of a functional border zone (FBZ), defined as the nonischemic but asynergic myocardium adjacent to the ischemic area, has been demonstrated in animal hearts, it is not known whether this zone exists in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed before and during balloon inflation in the area of coronary stenosis by injecting contrast medium through the guiding catheter in 13 patients with effort angina who underwent successful coronary angioplasty. The area showing MCE defect during balloon inflation was determined with reference to the preangioplasty MCE and was regarded as an ischemic area. The size of the FBZ was assessed by measuring the length of the endocardium that showed asynergy in the echo-enhanced (nonischemic) area. The FBZ measured was 13 +/- 4 mm in the short-axis view (n = 5) and 16 +/- 9 mm in the long-axis view (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS: Nonischemic contractile dysfunction exists even in human hearts. The presence of an FBZ may limit the use of wall motion analysis in assessing the risk or ischemic area in patients with myocardial infarction. MCE appears to be a unique technique for assessing the risk or ischemic area.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Heparin prevents the vasodilating actions of protamine on human small mesenteric arteries.

Despite the wide clinical use of protamine, the precise mechanisms of its hypotensive effects during reversal of heparin anticoagulation have not been elucidated fully. We, therefore, investigated the effects of protamine on isolated human small mesenteric arteries, both in the absence and presence of heparin, employing the isometric tension recording method. Protamine exerted vasodilating actions in the absence of heparin: 1) protamine (> or = 50 or 150 micrograms/mL) inhibited (P < 0.05) both norepinephrine (1 microM)- and high K+ (40 mM)-induced contractions in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ both in endothelium-intact and -denuded tissues; and 2) protamine inhibited (P < 0.05) norepinephrine (1 microM)-induced, but not caffeine (10 mM)-induced, contractions in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Such vasodilating actions were blocked almost completely in the presence of heparin. We conclude that only protamine, but not a heparin-protamine complex, has a vasodilating action on the human arteries.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The characteristics of another small DNA virus isolated from a pig with diarrhea.

A small DNA virus was newly isolated from the small intestines of a pig with diarrhea in 1987, in Japan. Concerning the physicochemical properties, hemagglutination and susceptibility of cell culture to the virus, the virus was identical to a formerly isolated small DNA virus, the H-45 strain and also physicochemically similar to the parvovirus group. In a serological test however, the virus was distinctly, antigenically different from the H-45 strain as well as each of porcine, bovine and canine parvoviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Induction of mucosal disease in cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus by superinfection with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus.

Three head of cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (ncBVD-MDV) were superinfected naturally or experimentally with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (cBVD-MDV). In the naturally superinfected case, one animal manifested pyrexia and severe diarrhea, and died without developing antibodies to cBVD-MDV. However, another animal survived with only continual slight anorexia and pyrexia, and developed strong resistance to the superinfected strain. In the experimental cases, induction of MD was unsuccessful in two persistently infected cattle when superinfected with cBVD-MDV antigenically heterologous for persistently infected ncBVD-MDV. They also developed antibodies to the cBVD-MDV strain with which they had been infected. After 6 months, these cattle were infected again with a cBVD-MDV strain different from that used in the previous experiment. One animal infected with this strain, which was antigenically homologous to the persistently infected strain, died after developing MD symptoms without developing antibodies to the infecting strain. It is suggested that the antigenic relationship between the persistent ncBVD-MDV and the superinfected cBVD-MDV was an important factor in developing MD.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protection against bovine leukemia virus infection by use of inactivated vaccines in cattle.

The protective effects of vaccines made from the viral materials of LK15 cell line (LK15 vaccine) or bat lung cell line (Bat2cl1; Bat vaccine) infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were examined in cattle. Twelve cattle were vaccinated twice at 4-week interval then challenged 4 weeks after the second inoculation. Nine cattle vaccinated with the LK15 vaccine produced antibody to BLV-specific glycoprotein (gp), and the titers ranged from 1:16 to 1:64 by the agar gel immunodiffusion test. Four cattle challenged with 100 microliters (70 to 100 syncytia) of cow blood persistently infected with BLV were protected from infection. However, of the remaining 5 cattle challenged with 500 microliters of infected blood, only 2 were protected. Of the three cattle vaccinated with the Bat vaccine, gp antibody titers ranged from 1:8 to 1:64. Two of them were protected against the challenge with 100 microliters of infected blood. Two cattle protected against the challenge were rechallenged 32 weeks after the first vaccination and not protected. On the other hand, 2 animals protected against the challenge were revaccinated with the LK15 vaccine 32 weeks after the first vaccination. They protected against rechallenge. The results show that all cattle which had gp antibody titers of 1:16 or above were protective against challenge with 100 microliters of the infected blood.

Animals↗