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Biomedical subjects

K Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to K Kodama.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Combined resection of the descending aorta for lung cancer with aortic invasion].

Four lung cancer patients underwent left pneumonectomy combined with resection of the descending aorta. Their tumors arose from the superior segment (S6) of the left lower lobe and directly invaded the aorta. Their angles of contact with descending aorta were more than 130 degrees. There were two squamous cell carcinoma, and one each of large cell carcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma. In Case 1, the defect of the descending aorta was closed by patch graft using simple aortic cross-clamping. In the other three patients, the aorta was replaced by a 5-7 cm long woven Dacron tube graft under temporary bypass using Anthron tube. Their postoperative courses were uneventful. Although the follow-up period is too short at present, two cases (3 and 4) have been alive without recurrence for five and two months, respectively. The induction chemotherapy followed by extended surgery (Case 4) may become a feasible treatment modality to overcome the poor prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer invading to the great vessels.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

MR in temporal lobe epilepsy: early childhood onset versus later onset.

PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the MR findings and the clinical features in temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood (less than 10 years of age). METHODS: MR studies were performed with a 1.5-T imager on 38 temporal lobe epilepsy patients receiving drug therapy at the psychiatric department. These patients were divided into two groups according to their age at onset (10 years or less, 11 years or more). The two groups were compared in terms of the MR findings and clinical features. RESULTS: The 11 younger-onset patients included 5 with a high-signal area attributed to mesial temporal sclerosis. Clinically, all of these 5 patients had a history of "complex" febrile convulsions, which sharply distinguished them from the older-onset group. CONCLUSION: The analysis suggests that complex febrile convulsions in infancy can be associated with high-signal areas on MR attributed to mesial temporal sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[A case of pulmonary tumorlet with tuberculoma misdiagnosed as small cell lung carcinoma by transbronchial lung biopsy].

A 59-year-old woman was picked up by chest X-ray findings. Her CT scan film showed a tumor shadow in the upper lobe of the left lung, and by transbronchial lung biopsy, she was diagnosed as a small cell lung carcinoma. Lobectomy was performed, but the lesion was diagnosed as tuberculoma by frozen section. Furthermore, on postoperative histological examination, a minute lesion of tumorlet, which was histologically identical to that preoperatively detected by transbronchial lung biopsy was found in the adjacent tissues of the tuberculoma. Pulmonary tumorlet is clinically a rare lesion, but the diagnosis and treatment for small-sized tumor or tumor-like lesion may be carefully done, taking into account the existence or co-existence of tumorlet lesion.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1995

[Serum pepsinogen response to therapy for Helicobacter pylori associated gastro-duodenal disease].

We investigated the effect of H. pylori therapy on serum concentrations of pepsinogens on 87 patients of gastro-duodenal disease. In addition, we intended to see whether serum pepsinogen can serve as markers of response to H. pylori eradication. In 48 successfully eradicated cases, there was a significant decrease in gastritis score, and was a significant fall in serum pepsinogen II (PG II) level, and was a significant increase in pepsinogen I/II ratio (PG I/II ratio). In contrast, no change in gastritis score, PG II, and PG I/II ratio were observed in 39 unsuccessfully eradicated patients. No change in serum pepsinogen I (PG I) level was observed in both groups. In provisional successfully eradicated cases in PG II of decrease greater than 30% in after treatment, there was a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 89.7%. For the PG I/II ratio of increased greater than 30% in after treatment, the sensitivity was 95.8%, and the specificity was 94.9%. These findings suggest that PG II, PG I/II ratio can be useful for clinical evaluation of eradication therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a novel, selective and potent phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor, E4021, on myocardial ischemia in guinea pigs.

The anti-ischemic effects of a new, selective and potent cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase (phosphodiesterase type V) inhibitor, sodium 1-[6-chloro-4-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)aminoquinazolin-2-yl ]piperidine-4- carboxylate (E4021), in a vasopressin-induced guinea pig anginal model were examined and compared with those of coronary vasodilators with a guanylate cyclase-activating action. An intravenous injection of vasopressin (0.2 IU/kg) into anesthetized guinea pigs produced ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram (an index of myocardial ischemia) of 0.28 +/- 0.02 mV (n = 10) from the baseline within 30 s. E4021 administered intravenously at doses of 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg, 5 min before the injection of vasopressin, significantly inhibited the ST segment elevation to 0.15 +/- 0.03 mV (n = 6, P < 0.01) and 0.17 +/- 0.02 mV (n = 6, P < 0.01), respectively. Three guanylate cyclase activators, isosorbide dinitrate (0.1 mg/kg), nicorandil (0.1 mg/kg), and FK409 (0.3 mg/kg), also significantly reduced the ST segment elevation to 0.18 +/- 0.03, 0.11 +/- 0.02 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 mV, respectively. In a second experiment, E4021 was administered intraduodenally 30 min before the injection of vasopressin to examine its oral effectiveness. Intraduodenal E4021, at doses of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, also significantly inhibited the ST segment elevation to 0.16 +/- 0.02 mV (n = 6, P < 0.01) and 0.13 +/- 0.02 mV (n = 6, P < 0.01), respectively. It is concluded that the potent phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor, E4021, administered intravenously or intraduodenally, ameliorated myocardial ischemia similarly to guanylate cyclase activators. Thus, E4021 may be an orally effective drug in the treatment of angina pectoris.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous OPC-18790 in humans: a novel nonglycosidic inotropic agent.

OPC-18790, a nonglycosidic intropic agent, is now under clinical development for treatment of congestive heart failure. Two separate studies (one placebo-controlled) were conducted to evaluate its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after intravenous administration to a total of 36 healthy male subjects. The drug was administered both rapidly as a .05-, .1-, .2-, or .4-mg/kg intravenous dose, and as a 1-hour infusion of .5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 15.0 micrograms/kg/minute. Echocardiograms (ECHO) were evaluated before and immediately and 4 hours after the rapid administrations. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and QTc in the electrocardiogram also were monitored in the rapid administration study. OPC-18790 was generally well tolerated by all subjects. Maximum peak plasma concentration and area under the curve increased linearly with dose in both studies. The t1/2, total body clearance of drug from plasma (CL), and the dose fraction excreted unchanged in the urine (fe) were comparable and dose-independent at the doses tested in both studies. The overall mean values of t1/2 alpha, t1/2 beta, CL, and fe were .08 +/- .01 hours, 3.64 +/- .22 hours, .46 +/- .01 L/kg, and 43.5 +/- 1.0%, respectively. Echocardiograms showed that, immediately after rapid administration of up to .4 mg/kg, OPC-18790 increased left cardiac function dose-proportionally (P < .05 to .01): the ejection fraction by 21.1% and fractional shortening by 26.5% compared with the predose values, blood pressure, heart rate, and QTc did not differ between subjects given OPC-18790 and these receiving placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Surgery for brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung carcinomas and tissue cultures from the resected specimens.

Between 1978 and 1989, 44 patients underwent 44 thoracotomies and 55 craniotomies for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and its brain metastases. Patients ages ranged from 20 to 75 years. There were no intraoperative mortalities. The 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates following the initial craniotomy were 23%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. Patient survival did not differ with respect to solitary or multiple metastases or the sequence of surgery for primary lesion and brain metastases. Moreover, there was no significant difference in survival between patients treated by surgery alone and those receiving surgery followed by whole brain radiotherapy. After 1985, in vitro tissue culture was attempted using freshly resected specimens of brain metastases obtained from 30 consecutive cases. Of those specimens, nine (30%) were successfully established as permanent cell lines. Eight of those cell lines revealed DNA-aneuploid pattern on flow cytometric analysis. The remaining cell line was not analyzed. Karyotype analysis was also performed in eight of nine established cell lines. Two adenocarcinoma cell lines showed the presence of +3p- chromosome, and three showed +7q- chromosome as recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. These findings provide new evidence concerning the presence of 3p- and/or 7q- marker chromosomes in certain adenocarcinoma cell lines established from brain metastases. The prognosis was poorer in the group with in vitro tumor growth than that in the group showing no in vitro tumor growth. These cell lines established from brain metastases may be useful materials not only for studying the biological characteristics and chemo-sensitivity testing, but also for estimating prognoses after resection of brain metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Long-term clinical effect of nilvadipine in patients with chronic heart failure: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

The long-term effect of calcium channel blockers on chronic heart failure is disappointing, probably because of reflex sympathetic activation through arterial vasodilation. However, nilvadipine may be beneficial for treatment of chronic heart failure since this drug has minimal effects on sympathetic activation. In this study, the effects of 12-week administration of nilvadipine or placebo on symptoms of heart failure and cardiac function were investigated in 23 patients with mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure in a double-blind trial. The patients were randomly assigned to either a nilvadipine group (16 mg daily) or a placebo group. Intergroup comparisons did not show significant differences in any parameters. Serious adverse effects were not observed during the study. Thus, this study failed to show any beneficial effect of nilvadipine in the long-term treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. We conclude that the long-term administration of nilvadipine (16 mg daily) is neither effective nor harmful in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1994

Neointimal coverage of stents in human coronary arteries observed by angioscopy.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to reveal the time course of the neointimal coverage of stents placed in the human coronary arteries. BACKGROUND: In deciding the protocol of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for patients who undergo stent implantation, the condition of the neointimal coverage of stents should be taken into consideration. However, the time course of the neointimal coverage of stents has not been elucidated in human coronary arteries. METHODS: Serial angioscopic observations were performed immediately after stenting, at 8 to 45 days (short-term follow-up) and at 65 to 142 days (long-term follow-up) in patients who underwent implantation of the Wiktor coronary stent in the restenotic lesion or in the lesion of acute or threatened closure after balloon angioplasty. RESULTS: Angioscopic observations were successfully performed in 14 cases immediately after stenting, in 11 cases at short-term follow-up and in 13 cases at long-term follow-up. Immediately after stenting and even at 8 to 18 days after stenting, the stent was not covered by the neointimal layer in any case. However, at 65 to 142 days after stenting, the stent was covered by the neointimal layer in all cases. Angioscopically, three types of neointimal layer were recognized: a white layer with a cottonlike surface in three cases, a white layer with a smooth surface in eight cases and a transparent layer with a smooth surface in two cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although some experimental results in animals have shown completion of neointimal coverage of stents in a few weeks, in this serial angioscopic follow-up study, the completion of neointimal coverage of stents in human coronary arteries required approximately 3 months.

Angioscopy↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic significance of pS2 protein expression in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

In the present study, pS2 protein expression in pulmonary adenocarcinoma was investigated on paraffin-embedded sections obtained from 170 patients. 28 (16%) patients showed varying degrees of pS2 protein expression in the cytoplasm of tumour cells, as detected by immunohistochemical staining with anti-pS2 protein antibody. There was a significant association between pS2 protein expression and larger tumour size, and the acinar or bronchiolo-alveolar subtype. However, no significant correlations between pS2 protein status and the other clinicopathological factors, i.e. T-factor, N-factor, stage and histological differentiation, were shown. In contrast to breast cancer, patients with pS2-positive pulmonary adenocarcinomas had a significantly worse prognosis than those with pS2-negative pulmonary adenocarcinomas; this was true for stage I patients, as well as for all patients. Multivariate analysis showed that pS2 protein expression was a discriminating variable in overall survival. These findings suggest that pS2 protein status is a possible prognostic indicator in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Differentiation of a Ewing's sarcoma cell line towards neural and mesenchymal cell lineages.

Two different pathways of differentiation were investigated in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cell line, designated CADO-ES1, which has been established in our laboratory. This cell line was induced to differentiate and display a neural phenotype when treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate or when cultured in serum-free medium (HB101). In these in vitro differentiation studies, two different phenotypes were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. One phenotype, present in a major portion of the cell population, had long neurites in which microtubules were ultrastructurally demonstrated. The other one, present in a minor portion of the cell population, consisted of flat cells with many short processes. After differentiation in serum-free medium, tumorigenicity in nude mice or colony-forming efficiency in soft agar was strongly depressed. In the cells, N-myc, c-fos and c-src genes were not amplified, and although c-myc was amplified by up to 2-fold, depending on the culture conditions, this appeared to be unrelated to the changes of phenotype. When tumor cells were transplanted into nude mice, cartilage was formed. The cartilage was immunoreactive with the antibody for HLA-ABC, indicating that it was derived from the tumor cells, not from mouse tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Surgical treatment of brain metastases of lung cancer: retrospective analysis of 89 cases.

The records of 89 patients who underwent surgery for solitary or multiple parenchymal brain metastases of lung cancer at the Osaka Center for Adult Diseases between 1978 and 1990 were reviewed with follow up until March 1992. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to identify prognostic features that were associated with a favourable outcome. The benefits of brain tumour surgery were evaluated in terms of the cause of death (brain metastasis, tumour in another organ, or treatment related) as well as the postoperative changes in functional state indicated by the Karnofsky scale. The overall mean survival time was 11.6 months, and the one and two year survival rates were 24% and 8%. The brain lesion itself was the cause of death in only 19% of the patients; the other 81% died of systemic disease. Functional state improved after surgical excision of the brain tumour in 36%, remained unchanged in 53%, and worsened in 11%. These data suggest that surgical intervention is beneficial for patients with parenchymal brain metastases. Variables significantly associated with a favourable prognosis included surgical excision of the primary lesion, adenocarcinoma as the histological diagnosis, the use of adjuvant treatment, especially chemotherapy, a preoperative score of over 80% on the Karnofsky scale, and metastasis confined to the brain with no extracranial metastatic foci or residual primary tumour. Additional but non-significant contributors to a good prognosis included age under 65 or 70 years, early tumour stage (stage 1), curative lung cancer surgery, a single metastatic brain tumour (v multiple lesions), a solid tumour (v cystic), and a supratentorial location of the brain metastasis. The disease free interval and the cerebrospinal fluid cytology were not significant prognostic factors. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that the surgical removal of brain metastases of lung cancer should be undertaken if the primary tumour has already been removed whether or not there are extracranial metastases, and that postoperative chemotherapy should generally be given.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Effect of shi-ka-ron and Chinese herbs on cytokine production of macrophage in immunocompromised mice.

Shi-Ka-Ron is a prescription composed of 8 crude extracts of Chinese herbs. It reduces suppression of cytokine production by peritoneal macrophages in mice Immunocompromised by the anti-tumor agent, cyclophosphamide (CY), in vivo. Although it dose not increase IL-1 production in vitro, it enhances TNF production. We found that Ginseng radix, Lithospermi radix, Astragli radix and Glycyrrhizae radix somewhat reduced suppression of cytokine production in CY treated macrophages. Especially, Glycyrrhizae radix shows an active immune response both in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggested that the mechanism underlying immunomodulation of Shi-Ka-Ron is closely related to cytokine production: each herb stimulating macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pleural invasion by peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma: assessment with three-dimensional helical CT.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential role of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in assessment of pleural invasion by peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four-second helical CT scans were obtained during a single breath hold in 42 consecutive patients with peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) images and 3D reconstruction images were reviewed independently by three blinded observers, who reached a decision by consensus. All patients underwent surgical resection of the tumor, and CT findings were correlated with the findings in pathologic specimens. RESULTS: Twelve patients had visceral pleural invasion, five had parietal pleural invasion, and 25 had no evidence of pleural invasion. Visceral pleural invasion was identified on 2D CT images in two patients and on 3D reconstructions in 11. Parietal pleural invasion was identified on 2D CT images in two patients and on 3D reconstructions in three. CONCLUSION: 3D reconstruction imaging is superior to conventional 2D CT in assessment of pleural invasion by peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1994

Occurrence of the ventral component of the third branchial nerve as the supernumerary branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

The authors found supernumerary branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve in 7 out of 368 head sides (184 bodies) of Japanese individuals. The branches entered the submandibular triangle and connected with the superficial cervical ansa. Teasing revealed that the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve were distributed not only in the subcutaneous layer of the neck but also in the lower facial muscles such as the orbicularis oris. This suggests that the third branchial arch sometimes participates in the formation of the facial muscles which are usually composed of the ventral component of the second branchial arch. Therefore, this supernumerary branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is probably the ventral component of the third branchial nerve, which is originally distributed in the ventral component of the third branchial arch and usually disappears during later development. The present findings will clearly show how the branchiogenous region is demarcated against the somatic body wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Immunomodulative effects of Chinese herbs in mice treated with anti-tumor agent cyclophosphamide].

Extracts of Chinese herbs were administered with antitumor agent, cyclophosphamide (CY), and their effects on macrophages and lymphocytes were studied. Number of peritoneal macrophages significantly decreased and their chemotactic activity was suppressed by treatment with CY. Blastogenic responsiveness to Concanavalin A and NK cell activity of spleen lymphocytes were suppressed significantly in CY-treated mice. Extracts of Lithospermi radix, Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae radix showed protective effects on immunosuppressive mice. The number of macrophages, chemotactic activity of macrophages and blastogenic response of lymphocytes were recovered to the same or more than that of normal levels. An extract of Ginseng radix showed protective effects on the number and functions of macrophages by treatment with CY but did not show any effects on the lymphocytic blastogenesis. On the contrary it showed a strong inhibitory effect on the NK cell activity. These results suggest that Chinese herbs could modulate cellular immune response, especially in the activation of macrophages and splenic lymphocytes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗