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Biomedical subjects

K Kobashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Kobashi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of ofloxacin in the treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infection].

Ofloxacin was administered orally at a daily dosage of 300 mg and 600 mg in three divided doses for 14 days to 24 and 60 patients with chronic complicated urinary infections, respectively, in order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the criterion proposed by the UTI Committee in Japan and its efficacy was evaluated in 84 cases. In the group of 24 patients receiving a daily dosage of 300 mg, the clinical effectiveness after a 5-day treatment was excellent in 13 cases and moderate in 7 cases. The overall clinical efficacy was 83.8%. In the group of 60 patients receiving a daily dosage of 600 mg, the rate of overall clinical efficacy after a 5-day treatment was 83.3%, being excellent in 23 cases and moderate in 27 cases. The eradication rate was 85.3% and 92.5% by 300 mg and 600 mg dosages of ofloxacin, respectively. As adverse reactions, anorexia and nausea occurred in 2 cases. Laboratory anomalies consisted of 1 case of slight and transient elevation of transaminase, and 1 case of elevated serum creatinine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Metabolism of swertiamarin from Swertia japonica by human intestinal bacteria.

The biotransformation of swertiamarin [1, a seco-iridoid glucoside isolated from Swertia japonica (Schult.) Makino] by human intestinal bacteria was investigated. Three metabolites were isolated and identified as erythrocentaurin (2), 5-hydroxymethylisochroman-1-one (3), and gentianine (4) by spectroscopic methods. Through screening of various defined strains of intestinal bacteria (25 species), it was found that all these species had the ability to metabolize 1 to 2 and 3, whereas only a few species had the ability to produce 4. This is the first report to show that one of the metabolic intermediates of the secoiridoid compound is further transformed to a nitrogen-containing compound through metabolic processes by human intestinal bacteria.

Feces↗
PubMed1989

Metabolism of gentiopicroside (gentiopicrin) by human intestinal bacteria.

As a part of our studies on the metabolism of crude drug components by intestinal bacteria, gentiopicroside (a secoiridoid glucoside isolated from Gentiana lutea), was anaerobically incubated with various defined strains of human intestinal bacteria. Many species had ability to transform it to a series of metabolites. Among them, Veillonella parvula ss parvula produced five metabolites, which were identified as erythrocentaurin, gentiopicral, 5-hydroxymethylisochroman-1-one,5-hydroxymethylisochromen-1- one and trans-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyra n-1-one.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

[Chemosensitivity study using subrenal capsule assay in urinary transitional cell carcinomas].

A subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) was performed on 34 fresh surgical specimens from 31 urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patients. On day 6, 97.7% of explants were detected macroscopically and tumor cells were present in 45.6% of all explants microscopically. In control groups, there was a negative correlation between the change in explant size (delta TS) and the percentage of the area of interstitial tissue. And in the several explants on day 6, the pseudocysts made up of cancer cells were seen. These support that urinary TCCs from fresh surgical specimens grow under the renal capsule. An evaluable assay rate of 97% was given. Susceptibility to cisplatin (CDDP), adriamycin (ADM), methotrexate and cyclophosphamide (CPM) was seen in 33%, 41%, 32% and 29%, respectively, of tumors using the delta TS method. In interstitial tissue rich tumors, a higher rate of susceptibility to anticancer drugs was given using the delta TS method than using the tumor growth inhibition rate (TGIR) method. There was a positive correlation between the rate of S-phase cells of the tumor and the susceptibility using the delta TS method. But, there was no correlation between this and the susceptibility using the TGIR method. These findings suggest that the delta TS method is more practical than the TGIR method. In addition, the growth of explants was better in immunosuppressed mice with 180 mg/kg of CPM than in normal mice. And the effectiveness of a combination of CDDP and ADM was seen as an anti-tumor effect or a reduction of side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma diagnosed by fine needle biopsies].

We describe a 37-year-old female with bilateral renal angiomyolipoma. She visited the Emergency Department at our hospital because of right severe flank pain. Computed tomography (CT) disclosed a bilateral renal tumors with fat components and high density lesions compatible with a hematoma. Conservative treatment was started, resulting in the improvement in laboratory findings and symptoms. Needle biopsies were performed under the guidance of ultrasonography. The histology was renal angiomyolipoma. She has been receiving a follow-up study at our out-patient clinic with an uneventful course.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Removal of urea from alcoholic beverages with an acid urease.

Urethan, a cancer causing chemical, was reported to contaminate some alcoholic beverages. Since urethan is formed by heating urea with ethyl-alcohol, removal of urea is necessary to prevent urethan formation in alcoholic beverages. Acid urease, whose optimal pH lies around 4, lowered urea concentrations in Japanese sake. This finding indicates a protective effect of acid urease on urethan's potential hazards in alcohol.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1988

Purification and properties of 3 alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase of Clostridium innocuum from human intestine.

3 alpha-Hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase of Clostridium innocuum, isolated from human intestinal bacteria, was capable of converting 3-ketoglycyrrhetic acid to 3 alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by means of butyl-Toyopearl 650M, Sephadex G-150, Matrex Red A, Toyopearl HW-55S, and isoelectric focusing column chromatographies. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 156 mumol/min.mg toward 3 alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, and showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight was 53,000, as estimated by gel filtration, and 30,000, as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was 5.2. The enzyme showed absolute specificity for the 3 alpha-hydroxyl and 3-ketonic groups of 18 alpha- or 18 beta-glycyrrhetic acid and required NADP+ and NADPH as cosubstrates. The enzyme did not act on any 3 alpha-hydroxyl or 3-ketonic group of steroids or bile acids. The enzyme is a novel type of enzyme, defined as 3 alpha-hydroxy-glycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase, being quite different from 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.50].

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1988

Glycyrrhizin stimulates growth of Eubacterium sp. strain GLH, a human intestinal anaerobe.

Eubacterium sp. strain GLH was isolated from human feces and produced two kinds of beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), one new enzyme specific for glycyrrhizin (GL) and the other for phenyl beta-D-glucuronides. GL or p-nitrophenyl-mono-beta-D-glucuronide (pNPG) stimulated the production of GL or pNPG beta-glucuronidases and the growth of strain GLH in a basal medium lacking carbohydrate. D-Glucuronic acid also stimulated the growth of the bacterium, but glycyrrhetic acid did not. The increase of GL beta-glucuronidase paralleled the growth of the Eubacterium strain in pure culture. These results suggest that glucuronides such as GL and pNPG stimulate the growth of the Eubacterium strain in a nutrient-poor medium by providing D-glucuronic acid through the activity of beta-glucuronidases. The increase in GL beta-glucuronidase activity in the presence of GL was observed during the cultivation of human intestinal flora in a general anaerobic medium. During mixed cultivation of the Eubacterium strain with Streptococcus faecalis, which does not produce GL beta-glucuronidase, GL beta-glucuronidase was also increased by GL or pNPG, but not by glycyrrhetic acid and p-nitrophenol. It is suggested that GL stimulates the growth of strain GLH even in the mixed culture.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Metabolism of sennosides by human intestinal bacteria.

During the course of studies on the metabolism of sennosides by human intestinal bacteria, an enzyme which takes part in the reduction of sennosides and sennidins was originally isolated from Peptostreptococcus intermedius. This enzyme catalyzed the electron transfer from NADH to FAD, FMN or benzyl viologen, which reduced nonenzymatically sennosides and sennidins to 8-glucosyl-rhein anthrone and rhein anthrone, respectively.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1988

[Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in a 20-year-old female].

A 20-year-old female, who was one of identical twins, was transferred from an another hospital for further therapy of a right renal tumor. There was no history of hematuria, flank pain. Routine laboratory studies were within the normal range. On excretory urogram, the tumor, 7 x 9 cm in diameter, was demonstrated in lower pole of the right kidney. A selective renal arteriography revealed that the central area of the tumor was rather hypovascular, but, some neovascularity was seen in the peripheral area. Pedal lymphography, chest X-ray and bone survey showed normal findings. A right nephrectomy was carried out. Grossly, the tumor in the lower pole of the kidney was well demarcated by a pseudocapsule and had massive necrotic areas. Pathological sections revealed a granular cell adenocarcinoma of the right kidney. No extension into the peripheric fat was present. The patient remains well and free of recurrent tumor one year post-operatively. We discussed the diagnosis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma in young adults in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Chemosensitivity studies of urological malignancies].

Chemosensitivity tests to anticancer agents using human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA), novel dye exclusion method (NDE assay), sub-renal capsule assay (SRCA), and chick embryo method (CE method) were utilized to measure the sensitivity of urological malignancies. Surgical tumor specimens from 67 patients with urological malignancies were subjected to HTCA developed by Hamburger and Salmon. An appreciable growth of colonies was obtained in 20 out of 33 renal cancers, 20 out of 30 urothelial cancers and 1 out of 4 testicular tumors examined and colonial growth adequate for chemosensitivity was obtained in 30 of the 67 patients. More than 70% decrease in the plating efficiency after anticancer drug exposure according to Von Hoff's definition, or more than 1.0 value of the "in vivo -in vitro therapeutic index" in terms of the ratio of IC90 to the peak plasma concentration of the drug tested was defined as susceptible. According to Von Hoff's definition, susceptibility to vinblastine (VBL) and cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP), was seen in 4 out of 11 patients with renal cancer, in 4 out of 15 patients with urothelial cancer and 1 out of 4 patients with renal cancer, respectively. With adriamycin (ADM) it was seen in 3 out of the 15 patients with urothelial cancer, 2 out of 10 patients with renal cancer and 1 patient with testicular tumor. According to TI, susceptibility to VBL was seen in 3 out of 7 patients with renal cancer, and with CDDP it was seen in 2 out of 12 patients with urothelial cancer, and 1 out of 2 patients with renal cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Enzymes involved in the formation of 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholanic acid from dehydrocholic acid by Ruminococcus sp. obtained from human intestine.

Ruminococcus sp. PO1-3 from human intestinal flora reduced dehydrocholic acid to 3 beta-hydroxy-7,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholanic acid by means of the enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Akao, T., Akao, T., Hattori, M., Namba, T. and Kobashi, K. (1986) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 99, 1425-1431). This bacterium and its crude extract gave rise to another product, showing a lower RF value on TLC, from dehydrocholic acid. The product was identified as 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholanic acid. The crude extract reduced 7-ketolithocholic acid and its methyl ester, but not 6-ketolithocholic acid and 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid, in the presence of NADPH, and oxidized ursodeoxycholic acid and beta-muricholic acid, but not cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and hydrocholic acid, in the presence of NADP+. Therefore, besides 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was shown to be present in this bacterium. The two dehydrogenases were clearly separated from each other by butyl-Toyopearl 650 M column chromatography. From dehydrocholic acid, 7 beta-hydroxy-3,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholanic acid was produced by 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholanic acid was produced by combination of two enzymes, 7 beta- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗