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Biomedical subjects

K Kitaura

Publications and source records attributed to K Kitaura.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Synergistic activity of astromicin and beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo.

Synergistic activity of astromicin and an antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotic such as piperacillin, cefsulodin or carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Synergy in vitro was observed more often when astromicin was combined with piperacillin or cefsulodin than when it was combined with carbenicillin. The combination of astromicin with piperacillin showed a bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a bacteriostatic concentration of each antibiotic alone. The synergy observed in vitro was reproduced against experimental mouse infections, and the astromicin-piperacillin or cefsulodin combination produced significantly greater protective effects than the single use of individual antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

Effects of pH on the activity of ketoconazole against Candida albicans.

The activity of ketoconazole against Candida albicans in Sabouraud glucose medium was markedly influenced by pH. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this imidazole against both a standard strain and clinical isolates ranged from 40 mug/ml at pH 3 to 0.02 mug/ml at pH 7, a greater than 1,000-fold difference.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Bactericidal effects and combined action of micronomicin with beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli].

Micronomicin (MCR, sagamicin) exhibited bactericidal effects at the lowest concentration among the tested aminoglycoside antibiotics, those were all bactericidal at lower concentrations than that of cefoperazone. When MCR was combined with cefoperazone (CPZ) or piperacillin (PIPC), they showed synergistic activity on checker-board method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and they were also synergistic against Escherichia coli when MCR was combined with cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefoxitin (CFX). MCR was synergistic against 40.7% and 44.4% of clinically isolated P. aeruginosa at the fractionary inhibitory concentration (FIC) index 0.5 or less in combination with PIPC and CPZ, respectively. All of the remaining strains of P. aeruginosa were included in the partially synergistic range of FIC index 0.5 to 1. Between MCR and CFX or CMZ, synergy was observed against 63.0% and 88.9% of clinical isolates of E. coli at the FIC index less than 1. Combined effects of MCR and PIPC or CPZ were observed investigating the growing curve of P. aeruginosa, too.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacological properties of buprenorphine, a new analgesic agent. Part II. (author's transl)].

Pharmacological properties of buprenorphine were compared with those of morphine and pentazocine. Buprenorphine scarcely showed any effects on spontaneous EEGs and sleep-wakefulness cycles. Buprenorphine tended to depress the recruiting and augmenting responses and the spindle burst, and it also inhibited the hypothalamic arousal response. Buprenorphine had weaker emetic action than morphine and protected against apomorphine-induced emesis in the same manner as morphine. Buprenorphine scarcely affected respirations, blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow, ECG, cardiac contractile force, cornary flow, and intracranial pressure. However, morphine and pentazocine caused depressed respiration, decreased blood pressure, increased blood flow and cardiac contractile force, and elevated intracranial pressure. Buprenorphine, morphine, and pentazocine did not affect bile secretion, but produced contraction of the sphincter of Oddi. Buprenorphine had very little effect on renal function, but morphine and pentazocine reduced this function to depress urine flow. Buprenorphine and morphine inhibited carrageenin-induced edema. Buprenorphine had no effect on blood histamine level, but morphine increased the concentration of histamine. These results indicate that buprenorphine has little effect on the central nervous system, respiratory and cardiovascular system, and renal function.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1981

Chemical modification of fortimicins. III. preparation of N-substituted fortimicin A derivatives.

The 1, 2' or 6'-amino group of fortimicin A was alkylated or acylated and the antimicrobial activities of the derivatives were compared with each other. 2'-N-Substituted fortimicins A were active against the fortimicin A resistant strain which produced AAC(3)-I. AAC(3)-I is the only enzyme which can inactivate fortimicin A. Among the derivatives prepared in the present study, 2'-N-[(S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]fortimicin A showed stronger activity than fortimicin A.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1980

The mode of action of nanaomycin A in Gram-positive bacteria.

The mode of action of nanaomycin A on Gram-positive such as Staphylococcus aureaus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus faecalis was investigated. Nanaomycin A inhibited the biosyntheses of protein, DNA, RNA and cell-well peptidoglycan to a similar extent. It increased the oxygenous respiration of S. aureus cells at the minimal inhibitory concentration. The cells preincubated with nanaomycin A showed stimulation of proton influx after addition of N,N'-dicyclo-hexylcazrbodiimide, an inhibitor of Ca++, Mg++-ATPase. Nanaomycin A seems to interfere with the cytoplasmic or to inhibit coupling of oxidative phosphorylation, followed by secondary inhibitory effect on protein, nucleic acids and cell-wall peptidoglycan biosyntheses.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[The therapeutic effect of nanaomycin A against experimental Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in guinea pigs (author's transl)].

Acute toxicity of nanaomycin A was tested in mice and rats. It was found that the antibiotic was well absorbed topically so that topical LD50 was approximately the same as intravenous LD50 in mice. The therapeutic effect of nanaomycin A and siccanin against experimental cutaneous Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in guinea pigs was investigated. Topically applied formulation of nanaomycin A was very effective in improving the condition of lesions and in preventing fungal growth in the infected tissues. Nanaomycin A and siccanin were comparable in activity in experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Agar tube method for the bioassay of antibiotics (author's transl)].

A simplified bioassay system for antibiotics has been presented. Glass tubes with open ends and pits are filled with agar medium containing test microbes by immersing vertically into the agar medium while it is warm. These agar tubes are inserted in test solutions and incubated. The growth-inhibitory zones appear in respective tubes due to upward diffusion of the antibiotic. The heights of such zones from the bottom of agar tubes are measured.

Amoxicillin↗