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Biomedical subjects

K Kishi

Publications and source records attributed to K Kishi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Adaptation of pancreatic islet B-cells during the last third of pregnancy: regulation of B-cell function and proliferation by lactogenic hormones in rats.

In rodents, placental lactogen (PL)-I is considered to be the first trigger to enhance pancreatic islet B-cell function, and after its secretion is diminished at mid-pregnancy, PL-II takes over this role. However, little information is available on the regulation of islet B-cell function and proliferation by lactogenic hormones during the last third of pregnancy. This was the focus of the present study using rats in which pregnancy was forcibly prolonged. This rat possesses unique characteristics in that PL-I is re-secreted during the prolonged period of pregnancy and the peak concentrations in maternal circulation are comparable with those observed during mid-pregnancy in normal-pregnancy rats. Pregnancy was prolonged by successive administration of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (30IU/rat, s.c. on day 12) and human chorionic gonadotropin (10IU/rat, i.v. on day 14). When the insulin secretory responses to 10mmol/l glucose in islets obtained from normal-pregnancy and prolonged-pregnancy rats were tested, each insulin secretory response correlated well with the values of plasma lactogenic activity throughout the period of pregnancy and lactation. Examination of B-cell proliferation in normal-pregnancy rats showed that 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into dividing B-cells reached a maximum on day 15 and then decreased markedly towards term. No increase in B-cell proliferation was observed on day 19 when plasma lactogenic activity reached the maximum. In prolonged-pregnancy rats, BrdU incorporation also continued to decrease as observed in normal-pregnancy rats after day 15, and then no enhancement in B-cell proliferation was observed even when the plasma lactogenic activity, including re-secreted PL-I, reached maximum. These results suggest that, in the last third of pregnancy, B-cell proliferation is no longer stimulated by lactogenic hormones in contrast to the insulin secretory response which is sustained.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of epididymal sperm motion and its correlation with stages of target cells in rats given alpha-chlorohydrin, cyclophosphamide or nitrazepam.

Epididymal sperm motion in rats was characterized by computer-aided sperm motion analysis (CASA) with its correlation to testicular lesions in the 2-week treatment study, using three compounds which are known to affect different stages of germ cells. Mature male rats were treated daily for 2 weeks with alpha-chlorohydrin (alpha-CH, 5 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide (CP, 20 mg/kg) or nitrazepam (NZ, 20, 40, 60 mg/kg). Changes in sperm motion were detected only in the alpha-CH and 60-mg/kg NZ-treated groups. Of the sperm motion parameters, velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were concomitantly reduced in these two groups with good correlation. With respect to the distribution of the values in parameters, however, alpha-CH shifted the values down within a small range with high percentages of motile sperm, while NZ distributed them over a wide range with low percentages of motile sperm. CP treatment showed no histopathological changes in advanced germ cells, though it showed a decrease in the number of early germ cells. NZ treatment affected round and elongating spermatids (approximately step 14) at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, and affected also more advanced spermatids (approximately step 19) at the dose of 60 mg/kg. alpha-CH treatment did not affect testicular histopathology. These findings indicate that 60-mg/kg NZ treatment reduced sperm motion as a result of lesions affected in elongated spermatids and alpha-CH reduced it by direct effects on epididymal spermatozoa. The present study indicates that in addition to percentage of motile sperm, the velocity and ALH can be useful to detect the changes in sperm motion caused by different actions of NZ and alpha-CH, though each compound showed a distinct distribution pattern of these parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Ki-1 (CD30)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, sarcomatoid variant accompanied by spontaneously regressing lymphadenopathy.

Although it has been reported that primary Ki-1 (CD30)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) of the skin may undergo spontaneous regression, it is rare for ALCL without cutaneous involvement to have spontaneously regressing lymphadenopathy. We report a case of sarcomatoid variant of ALCL accompanied by spontaneously regressing lymphadenopathy. The patient had gastric and pulmonary involvement of ALCL in addition to systemic lymphadenopathy, but with no cutaneous involvement. The lymphadenopathy spontaneously improved gradually during a period of one month without any treatment. At the same time, multiple small nodules in both lung fields decreased on chest computed tomography and multiple elevated gastric tumors with dimples were endoscopically recognized to have improved. He has since been treated with combination chemotherapy because of recurrence of the lymphadenopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cancer-associated retinopathy during treatment for small-cell lung carcinoma.

A 70-year-old woman with small-cell lung carcinoma (c-T4N2M0) was treated by six courses of combination chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide). After two weeks, she complained of a sense of darkness and night blindness. A Western blot analysis showed that the patient's serum bound with the recombinant 23-kDa retinal cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) antigen at 1:1,000 dilution. Her visual acuity became so poor that she could only recognise a hand motion at 50 cm despite treatment with corticosteroids and combination chemotherapy. The patient was diagnosed as having a rare type of CAR because CAR is usually found before the diagnosis of primary cancer.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Increased urinary transferrin excretion predicts microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: We studied whether increased urinary transferrin excretion rates (TERs) (urinary transferrin-to-urinary creatinine ratio > or = 107 micrograms/mmol, which is the sum of an average and 2 SDs in 431 healthy nondiabetic individuals) would predict the development of microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-urinary creatinine ratio > or = 2.8 mg/mmol) in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal urinary albumin excretion rates (AERs) (albumin-to-creatinine ratio < 2.8 mg/mmol). We also studied the influence of blood pressure, glycemic control, and serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins on the later development of microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 77 diabetic patients with normal AER, AER and TER were measured at baseline and after 24 months of follow-up. Blood pressure, glycemic control, and serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins were measured at 1- to 2-month intervals during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients who initially had increased TER, 5 (31%) developed microalbuminuria. In contrast, of the 61 who initially had normal TER, 4 (7%) developed microalbuminuria (P = 0.016). At baseline, no difference was found in age, sex, diabetes duration, diabetic medications, prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure, HbA1c levels, or serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations between the two group of patients with normal and increased TER. There was also no difference in duration of hypertension and prevalence of users of ACE inhibitors between two subgroups of hypertensive patients with normal and increased TER. During the 24 month follow-up period, those whose condition progressed to microalbuminuria had increased serum levels of triglycerides (1.87 +/- 0.49 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.64 mmol/l, P = 0.003) and apolipoprotein B (114 +/- 20 vs. 102 +/- 24 mg/dl, P = 0.05) and tended to have increased HbA1c levels (7.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.1 +/- 1.1%, P = 0.10) compared with those in whom microalbuminuria did not develop. Blood pressure, however, did not differ. In multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, the association between increased TER at baseline and subsequent development of microalbuminuria was significant (odds ratio 7.04 [95% CI 1.02-48.5], P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes and normal AER, increased TER may predict the development of microalbuminuria and abnormalities in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism, and poor glycemic control may be associated with this progression.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1999

[Holter electrocardiogram monitoring as an indicator of cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis].

Sarcoidosis was diagnosed in a 55-year-old non-smoking woman because biopsy specimens of a subcutaneous tumor in her right cheek disclosed a noncaseating epithelioid granuloma. The patient had experienced exertional dyspnea and palpitation. Two months later, she was admitted because a Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed bradycardia, 2:1 atrioventricular block (Mobitz II type) and ventricular premature beat (1.091 beats/day). ECG findings on admission changed from 2nd-degree to 3rd-degree atrioventricular block. A permanent pacemaker was implanted and the patient's symptoms subsided. Mediastinal uptake of Gallium-67 was observed and a defect of the cardiac septum was disclosed by Thalium-201 scintigram. Closer examination of the first Holter ECG revealed a Mobitz II type 2:1 atrioventricular block for about 3 minutes a day. Although the findings of the first Holter ECG initially disclosed a 2nd-degree atrioventricular block in our patient, a complete block developed within about 2 months after admission. In the follow-up of sarcoidosis patients, it therefore seems important to not only evaluate Holter ECG findings carefully, but repeat the examination at regular intervals.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1999

[Posterior mediastinal diffuse pleomorphic lymphoma].

A 26-year-old man presented with a 38 degrees C fever of undetermined origin in November 1977. His fever subsided in 1 month, but recurred concomitantly with dysphagia on December 10. For this reason, the patient visited our out patient clinic on December 15, and was hospitalized because a mass was found radiographically in the left lower lung field. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed an irregularly-shaped mass encircling the esophagus. Based on open-lung biopsy findings, the mass was diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse pleomorphic type. Neither swelling of the superficial lymph nodes nor hepatosplenomegaly was detected, and a bone-marrow aspiration specimen disclosed no atypical cells. Ga scintigraphy found accumulation only in this region, suggesting the posterior mediastinum as the origin of the lymphoma. Reports of non-Hodgkin's primary lymphoma in the posterior mediastinum are rare. Further, to our knowledge, there have been no reports at all on the diffuse pleomorphic type to date. This case was accordingly considered to be of highly informative value.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A case of Morgagni's foramen hernia difficult to differentiate from lipoma].

A 61-year-old woman was admitted for chest discomfort. She had been admitted before, in March 1995, because of a lesion detected on chest roentgenograms. At that time, she was given a diagnosis of mediastinal lipoma based on the findings of chest computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but was discharged without active intervention due to lack of subjective symptoms. During follow-up, the patient again reported chest discomfort beginning in March 1998. Because chest radiography disclosed. The tumor had enlarged, the patient was admitted to the hospital by our department. Chest MRI disclosed a mass with a signal intensity equal to that of subcutaneous fat in the pericardial space on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Although sagittal images demonstrated continuity of the mass into intraperitoneal fat, a conclusive diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia could not be made at that time. On April 30, 1998, a thoracotomy was performed on the basis of a preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal lipoma. During surgery, a hernial ring was observed slightly to the right and behind the sternum. The hernia consisted only of greater omentum, and was diagnosed as Morgagni's foramen hernia.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1999

[Motor neuron disease with respiratory insufficiency as primary manifestation].

A 66-year-old man with dyspnea on exertion suffered a cardiac arrest and was referred to our hospital after emergency room intubation. Chest X-ray films detected no abnormalities. Blood gas analysis showed hypoxemia with normal A-aDO 2, and pulmonary function tests revealed combined ventilatory impairment. Chest fluoroscopy revealed weakness of diaphragmatic motion. No other abnormalities were found on initial examination. It was difficult to wean the patient off mechanical ventilation and identify the cause of alveolar hypoventilation. On the 60th hospital day, a neurological examination and electromyography disclosed fasciculation and denervation of the left biceps and pectoralis major muscle. These findings supported the diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND). Although respiratory insufficiency as an initial symptom of MND is unusual, physicians should be aware of the possibility of MND in cases of alveolar hypoventilation of unknown etiology.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Sarcoidosis synchronously detected in identical twins].

We report on the synchronous detection of sarcoidosis in identical 22-year-old male twins. The patients visited a nearby physician because of fever and cough, were found to have abnormal chest shadows and thus admitted to our hospital. Both had swollen cervical and hilar nodes and lesions in both left and right lung fields, and also presented similar clinical symptoms. However, bilateral uveitis was observed only in the elder twin. Because epithelioid cell granulomas without caseous necrosis were histopathologically observed in tissue specimens from their cervical lymph nodes, the patients were given a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Although they were positive for the HLA-D antigens DR 2 and DR 12, they were negative for DRw 52. an antigen that is considered to be quite common in Japanese sarcoidosis patients. Genetic factors were thought to be involved in the onset of sarcoidosis in these twins.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for restenosis following Palmaz-Schatz stenting: larger size balloons are more effective?].

Intracoronary stenting reduces the restenosis rate after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). However, restenosis still occurs in 20% to 30% of patients after stenting. Management of in-stent restenosis has become a significant challenge in interventional cardiology. The efficacy of re-PTCA with a larger balloon was investigated for restenosis following Palmaz-Schatz stenting. Clinical and angiographic results were compared in 46 consecutive patients with in-stent restenosis after one Palmaz-Schatz stenting. Twenty patients underwent redilation with a slightly larger balloon than used at the stenting (Large group) and 26 underwent redilation with the same size balloon as at the stenting (Control group). The clinical factors, lesion characteristics, lesion length, reference diameter and minimal luminal diameter at re-PTCA for the in-stent restenosis did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Minimal luminal diameter of the Large group after re-PTCA was significantly larger than that of the Control group (3.1 +/- 0.2 vs 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, p < 0.05). Follow-up angiography showed that the minimal luminal diameter of the Large group was significantly larger (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 1.7 +/- 0.6 mm, p < 0.05) and the re-restenosis rate of Large group tended to be lower than that of the Control group (15% vs 38%, p = 0.07). Re-PTCA for in-stent restenosis with a slightly larger balloon than used at the stenting reduces the re-restenosis rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Three cases of semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurring in healthy or diabetic individuals].

We encountered three cases of suspected semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, occurring in healthy or diabetic patients. Radiographic findings disclosed cavity formation in 2 of the patients, but only nodular lesions in 1. The beta-D glucan level was elevated in 1 patient, but was within the normal range in the other 2. Morphological findings indicated that all 3 patients had pulmonary aspergillosis. Following the oral administration of FLCZ to 1 patient and ITCZ to the other 2 for about 2 months, the radiographic lesions resolved and hematologic inflammatory reactions cleared up. Gefter et al and Sider et al have defined 2 types of aspergillosis that occur in mildly immuno-compromised or healthy individuals: the semi-invasive type, which destroys pulmonary tissue without vascular invasion and leads to cavity formation; and the locally invasive type, which is characterized by nodular or massive radiographic lesions without cavity formation. Semi-invasive aspergillosis was diagnosed in all 3 of the cases we reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by inhalation of insecticide].

We report a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by insecticide. A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dyspnea cough, hemoptysis, and shivering 6 hours after inhaling an insecticide. A chest radiograph on admission disclosed consolidation in the right upper lobe. Chest computed tomography showed nodular infiltrates associated with ground-glass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was hemorrhagic and showed neutrophilia. Pathological examination of transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed numerous vacuolated macrophages in alveolar spaces. Electron microscopy demonstrated lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of these macrophages. These findings together yielded a diagnosis of exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by insecticide. In addition, we experimentally induced a similar form of lipoid pneumonia in rats by intratracheal instillation of the same insecticide.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[DNase I].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Deoxyribonuclease I↗
PubMed1999

[Is Palmaz-Schatz stenting effective for second restenosis?].

The long-term outcome after coronary stent placement in restenotic lesions after balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: PTCA)may be less favorable compared to stent treatment of de novo lesions, but the role of stents in restenotic lesions after 2 prior PTCA procedures is unknown. Elective Palmaz-Schatz stent placement was performed in 124 consecutive patients. Stents were placed in 70 patients(56%) in the native coronary arteries for de novo lesions(de novo group), in 33 patients (27%)for restenotic lesions after one prior PTCA(restenosis group), and 21 patients(17%)for restenotic lesions after 2 prior PTCA(second restenosis group). The 3 groups were well matched with respect to lesion type, lesion length, and reference diameter. Stent size was similar in the 3 groups. Follow-up angiograms taken about 6 months after stenting were available for all patients. The restenosis rate after stenting was similar for the de novo group and restenosis group(19% vs 27%, NS). The second restenosis group tended to have a higher restenosis rate after stenting than the de novo group(38% vs 19%, p = 0.06). The frequency of diffuse type in-stent restenosis of the second restenosis group tended to be higher than that of the de novo group(63% vs 13%, p = 0.08). Our results suggest that the restenosis rate after stenting was higher in patients with repeated restenosis. Therefore, other therapeutic methods should be considered.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1999

[Increased neuron-specific enolase levels in patients with long-standing pyothorax-associated lymphoma].

A 78-year-old man was admitted for the evaluation of chest pain and a subcutaneous giant mass in the left chest, which had been growing for 3 months. A computed tomogram of the chest revealed a giant tumor attached to the parietal pleura with calcification of long-standing pyothorax. Pathological findings of a specimen obtained from this tumor showed diffuse proliferation of large atypical lymphocytes with 1-2 nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. In immunohistochemical studies, tumor cells stained positive for CD20 but not for CD45 RO. The diagnosis was long-standing pyothorax-associated lymphoma (diffuse large-cell lymphoma, B-cell type). The patient's serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level was 101 ng/ml on admission, and declined in tandem with a chemotherapy-induced decrease in tumor size. In addition, immunohistochemical studies showed staining of tumor cells by anti-NSE polyclonal antibody. Although rarely observed in patients with malignant lymphoma, increased serum NSE levels may serve as an index of chemotherapeutic effectiveness.

Aged↗