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Biomedical subjects

K Kishi

Publications and source records attributed to K Kishi.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Kinetics of peripheral blood CD34-positive cells and optimal timing of blood stem cell harvest after urological anticancer chemotherapy].

PURPOSE: We evaluated the changes in stem cells in peripheral blood and the optimal timing for harvesting peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) following the administration of conventional cancer chemotherapy in patients with urological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the changes in PBSCs after the administration of cancer chemotherapy in 12 patients with urological malignancies (6 testis cancer, 3 bladder cancer, 3 prostate cancer) using flowcytometry analysis of CD34, a marker of blood stem cell. We evaluated the optimal timing for PBSCs harvesting following the administration of conventional cancer chemotherapy in 6 patients with urological malignancies (2 patients with testis cancer, 3 patients with prostate cancer, 1 patient with bladder cancer) using flowcytometry analysis of CD34 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) counts. PBSC samples from 2 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to detect prostate cancer cells. RESULTS: The percentages of CD34-positive cells tended to increase in the peripheral blood during the period of convalescence that followed the induction of marked myelosuppression produced by the cancer chemotherapy. The peak in CD34-positive cells occurred between days 15 and 31 after beginning of cancer chemotherapy. The percentage of CD34-positive cells was increased in the mononuclear cells in harvested PBSCs. The percentages of CD34-positive cells in peripheral blood and in mononuclear cells harvested from PBSCs was correlated with the CFU-GM counts in harvested PBSCs. The CFU-GM counts peaked between days 16 to 31 following cancer chemotherapy. RT-PCR detected prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA expression in PBSCs obtained from 1 of the 2 patients with prostate cancer. An amount of contamination with PSA mRNA reduced as chemotherapy was repeated. CONCLUSION: A sufficient number of PBSCs can be harvested after conventional cancer chemotherapy without the need for special cytotoxic mobilization that may be delayed the patient's treatment. RT-PCR results suggested that the harvested PBSCs should be examined for tumor cell contamination in patients with metastasis in bone marrow. If a sufficient amount of PBSCs will be harvested, the PBSC samples from the patient with bone marrow metastasis after repeated chemotherapy should be used by priority for PBSC transplantation as of today.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cytologic assessment of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.

Significance of routine cytologic examination in the diagnosis of metastatic ovarian carcinoma was assessed. Twenty-one cases of metastatic carcinoma of the ovary were examined both pathologically and cytologically. Primary sites of the carcinoma were the stomach, breast, large bowel and uterine corpus. Cytology specimens were taken from the portio, endocervix and endometrium of the uterus, ascites and vaginal surgical stump. Malignant cells were detected in the samples from the portio, endocervix and endometrium in two, three and eight cases, respectively. One of the portio and endocervix and two of the endometrial specimens indicated the cases to be from endometrial primary sites. Primary sites of the remaining cases were the stomach and breast. Preoperative and intraoperative cytology of ascites were done in 16 cases and positive results were obtained in 11 cases. Postoperative recurrence was found cytologically in the surgical stump and ascites in two cases. Preoperative routine cytology of the uterus is considered to have diagnostic potential and ascite cytology to be an accurate index of intra-peritoneal spread in the case of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Profile of cell cycle in hematopoietic malignancy by DNA/RNA quantitation using 7AAD/PY.

Using 7-amino-actinomycin-D/pyronin Y (7AAD/PY), we analyzed the surface phenotypes and cell cycle of 22 hematopoietic cell lines based on their cellular DNA/RNA content. Populations of G1a, G1b, S, and G2M, the DNA index (DI), and the RNA index of S phase (SRI) were calculated by means of DNA/RNA dot plots. Two new parameters were extracted from the cell-cycle profiles: the nucleic acid index of S phase (NI) and the coefficient of variations in the RNA at S phase (SVC). DNA/RNA dot plots of cell lines revealed four characteristic profiles of the cell cycle, defined with the calculated NI and SCV. These were type 0 (small NI, large SCV), type I (small NI, small SCV), type II (large NI, small SCV), and type III (large NI, large SCV). Type O included four stem cell lines: one t(1;19) leukemia, two Ph1+ acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and one biphenotypic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). Type I included five ALL cell lines: three T-ALL and two common B-ALL. Type II contained 10 myeloid cell lines: five AML and five myeloid crisis of CGL. Type III contained three relatively immature lymphoma cell lines: two Burkitt's lymphoma and one follicular center lymphoma. Calculated NI/SCV (%) were as follows: type 0, 2.27 +/- 0.19/16.7 +/- 3.7; type I, 2.20 +/- 0.30/11.1 +/- 0.7; type II, 3.64 +/- 0.52/11.8 +/- 1.0; and type III, 3.60 +/- 0.53/17.5 +/- 1.9. Cell-cycle analysis of blasts using 7AAD/PY combined with surface phenotyping may yield important information for classifying hematopoietic malignancy within 2 hours of patient admission.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1996

[Shunt patency after creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: evaluation with Doppler ultrasound].

TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) is a new interventional radiologic procedure that is useful in the treatment of variceal bleeding and ascites due to portal hypertension. It is most important that the shunt remains patent for a long time after placement. The potential role of ultrasound in evaluating the patency of the shunt after TIPS has been studied. Duplex and color doppler sonography were performed in 20 patients with portal hypertension after TIPS. Imaging was done in 38 case. The findings were compared with those of follow-up angiography. Shunt patency was evaluated with Doppler US in 28 case. In 27 of them, the equivalent patent shunt was confirmed by angiography; the exception was one case of occlusion in follow-up angiography. Doppler signals in the shunt could not be detected in 10 cases. Follow-up angiography showed occlusion in 7 cases and patency in the other 3. Doppler US sensitivity was 90%, and its specificity was 88%. These results indicate that Doppler US is one of the most useful methods for evaluating shunt patency after TIPS.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pathological aspects of normal-sized ovarian carcinoma.

Twenty cases of ovarian carcinoma with normal-sized ovaries were examined histologically. Fifteen of them had metastatic disease of the peritoneal cavity and three of the remaining showed uterine involvement. Only in one case was the tumor confined to the ovary, but this patient had experienced systemic chemotherapy before surgery. The remaining case had metastasis of the stomach. Thus, "normal-sized" ovarian carcinoma has a great tendency to spread externally. Histology of the carcinoma was that of common epithelial carcinoma of the ovary with variable degrees of differentiation except for three cases of apparent ovarian metastasis. No cases of definite mesothelioma with ovarian involvement were encountered. A search for determinants of the peritoneal spread was performed using immunohistochemistry for p53 and bcl-2 proteins. However, no differences were found in the antigen expression between the group with and without peritoneal metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A new individualization marker of sweat: deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism.

We confirmed for the first time, both biochemically and immunologically, the existence of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in human liquid sweat. Isoelectric focusing of sweat samples on polyacrylamide gels (pH 3.5 to 5), followed by dried agarose film overlay detection, was used to determine the phenotypes of sweat DNase I. Because this detection method not only had high sensitivity, but also high band resolution, it was possible to determine DNase I types from sweat samples of 50 to 100 microL. Pretreatment of sweat samples with sialidase was essential for typing to enhance markedly the sensitivity accompanied by simplification of the isozyme pattern. The DNase I types in all sweat samples were consistently related to the types found in corresponding blood, urine, and semen samples. DNase I typing could, therefore, provide a novel discriminant characteristic in the forensic examination of sweat.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1996

[Spiral volumetric CT venography of the lower extremities: preliminary report].

Twelve cases, including varicose veins (7), deep venous thrombosis (3), A-V malformation (1) and skin ulcer (1), were examined by three-dimensional CT venography (3D CTV), and comparison was made with conventional ascending venography. In the "double phase method," the first phase scan (40 seconds) of the femoral region was performed in order to rule out deep venous thrombosis, and the second phase scan (30 seconds) of the lower leg was performed to visualize varicose veins. Veins of the thigh and popliteal space were relatively well visualized. It is thought that 3D-CTV is particularly useful for spatially evaluating deep venous thrombosis and varicose veins.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1996

[The importance of serum lipid level for restenosis following initial successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina].

Serum lipids were investigated as a risk factor for restenosis following initial percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for unstable angina (Braunwald III-B2). Follow-up angiography was used to classify 41 patients who received successful emergency PTCA into two groups: 21 patients with and 20 without restenosis. The clinical factors (age, sex), lesion characteristics and extent of coronary narrowing before and after PTCA were similar in the two groups. In the group without restenosis, the serum cholesterol level was significantly reduced from 225 +/- 48 (before PTCA) to 188 +/- 34 mg/dl (at the follow-up PTCA; p < 0.01), but in the group with restenosis serum cholesterol level showed no difference between before PTCA (211 +/- 42) and at the follow-up (201 +/- 32 mg/dl). The levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were not significantly different between before PTCA and at the follow-up in both groups. The restenosis rate in patients with serum cholesterol level reduced by 30 mg/dl or more at the follow-up after PTCA was significantly lower (three of 15 patients, 20%) compared with the restenosis rate in patients with serum cholesterol level lowered by less than 30 mg/dl (18 of 26 patients, 69%; p < 0.01). Moreover, the restenosis rate in patients with serum cholesterol level below 180 mg/dl at the follow-up angiography was significantly lower (six of 19 patients, 32%) compared with patients with serum cholesterol levels above 180 mg/dl (15 of 22 patients, 68%; p < 0.05). A high level of serum cholesterol may be a predictor of restenosis following PTCA in patients with unstable angina.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed1996

[Gore-tex covering of ultraflex stent and its usefulness for malignant esophageal stenosis: preliminary clinical results].

Malignant esophageal stenoses develop esophagorespiratory fistulae or perforations so frequently that esophageal stents must be required. We devised a covered stent with a thin Gore-Tex sheet and a nitinol stent system, Ultraflex, without increasing the size of the introducer assembly. Nine patients with malignant esophageal stenoses, including seven patients with perforation or fistulation, were carefully treated with the covered stent. All stent deployments were successfully carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. The average time required for full self-expansion was two weeks. The average grade of dysphagia improved from 3.7 to 1.2. Clinical symptoms due to esophagorespiratory fistulae were improved in three of four patients. No clinical or technical complications, such as migration, were observed, but a fistula developed at the bare site of the stent. This covering method for the flexible stent was simple and safe, and was considered to be useful in the treatment of malignant esophageal stenosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Cytological distinction between clear cell carcinoma and yolk sac tumor of the ovary.

Cytological characteristics of clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and yolk sac tumor (YST) of the ovary were examined and compared. Indices for differential diagnosis of these two histologically similar but biologically different tumors were analyzed based on cytological features of the tumor cells. The main results obtained were from three cases of CCC and one case of YST who underwent imprint smear or similar examinations. Seventeen cases of CCC and two of YST with positive cytology results, mainly obtained from ascites samples, were also examined. Cytological characteristics of CCC compared to those of YST were: more marked cohesiveness of tumor cells with less-marked pleomorphism, well-preserved cell borders, fine vesicular cytoplasm, evenly thickened nuclear membrane, and fewer nucleoli and multinucleated giant cells in number. Cells with large cytoplasmic vacuolation were infrequent, and hobnail-shaped tumor cells were rather few in number in CCC cases examined. On the other hand, in the case of YST, cells were more dyscohesive, with marked cellular pleomorphism, usually faint cell borders, no thickening of nuclear membrane and occasional presence of nuclear grooves. The "naked" cells were commonly observed. Further, nucleoli were frequently numerous in number, and multinucleated giant cells were frequently found which showed marked cellular and nuclear atypism. These characteristics found mainly in imprint smears were also relatively well preserved in specimens obtained from ascites or other metastatic sites. These findings indicate that detailed cytological examination can provide a means for differential diagnosis of CCC and YST, supplementing other clinical information.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1996

[A quantitative study of regional cerebral blood flow in childhood using 123I-IMP-SPECT: with emphasis on age-related changes].

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) was used for quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) on 26 individuals between 0 and 19 years of age. The rCBF showed age-related changes; it was low in early infancy, increased in late infancy through early childhood, and decreased and remained constant after puberty. The rCBF through cerebral cortex varied more greatly than through thalamus and cerebellum, and seemed to depend more closely on age. In the case of 4 months of age rCBF was very low at the frontal region and was very high at the occipital region. In more older cases, rCBF in the cerebral cortex was higher than in the thalamus. In childhood, rCBF was very inconsistent and showed a great inter-individual variance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Discovery of genetic polymorphism of human nucleases].

Research into the use of new genetic markers is difficult and costly, but it is necessary for more accurate criminal individualization and paternity testing as well as for analysis of genetic diseases. Recently, we discovered that human ribonuclease (RNase), deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) and deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) are characteristic markers showing genetic polymorphism and useful for forensic investigation. DNase I is particularly well suited to practical use, since it shows a well-balanced gene frequency, a high concentration in several body fluids (blood, sweat, urine, breast milk and semen) and tissues (pancreas, liver and kidney), stability against severe conditions (exposure of test samples to high temperature, high humidity and long-term storage), and easy and accurate detectability.

Exoribonucleases↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructure and distribution of axon terminals from the reticular thalamic nucleus to the anteroventral thalamic nucleus of the rat.

Ultrastructure of axon terminals projecting to the anterovetral thalamic nucleus (AV) from the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) of the rat was studied by using the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Anterogradely labeled fibers were distributed in ventral and caudal parts in AV following WGA-HRP injections into the medial part of rostral RTN, whereas labelings were found in the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (AD) and dorsal part of AV following injections into the dorsal part of rostral RTN. The main labeled terminals were small to medium in size, containing pleomorphic vesicles, and made symmetrical contacts on wide range of neuronal surfaces, including cell bodies, dendritic shafts and their spines. Majority of these terminals made a single synaptic contact, whereas some labeled terminals had two synaptic contacts on two different postsynaptic profiles, such as on both soma and large dendrite, on both soma and small dendrite, on both soma and dendritic spine, and on both large and small dendrites.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Variations of the constrictor pharyngeal muscles in humans].

Fifteen halves of ten nonrandomized human cadavers were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope in order to examine the existence of variations in the constrictor pharyngeal muscles. Obvious variations of the constrictor muscles were found in three cases. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the first case of variations, the superior constrictors arose from the pterygomandibular raphe and merged into the outer surfaces of the middle and inferior constrictors. This muscle was supplied by the upper part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus. 2. In the second case, the muscle bundle of inferior constrictors originated from the thyroid cartilage and passed upward, joining the muscular fibers of the outer surface of the superior constrictors arising from the pterygomandibular raphe. Some of these muscular fibers extended to the surface of the posterior part of the pharyngobasilar fascia. This muscle was innervated by the lower part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus. 3. In the third case, the lower part of the superior constrictors passed laterally between the stylopharyngeus and the glossopharyngeal nerve, running between the external and internal carotids in the retrostyloid space and reaching the cervical fascia around the submandibular triangle. This anomalous muscular bundle of superior constrictors was innervated by the carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the middle part of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve↗
PubMed1995

Differential expression of complement receptors on human basophils and mast cells. Evidence for mast cell heterogeneity and CD88/C5aR expression on skin mast cells.

Complement-dependent activation of immune cells is regulated by cell surface membrane receptors. In this study, expression of complement receptors (CR) on human blood basophils (n = 11), tissue mast cells (lung, n = 7; skin, n = 10; uterus, n = 4; tonsil, n = 3; heart, n = 10), and on respective human cell lines (basophil line KU-812, mast cell line HMC-1) was analyzed by the use of mAbs and indirect immunofluorescence. Normal blood basophils and KU-812 cells were found to express C5aR (CD88), membrane cofactor protein (CD46), decay-accelerating factor (CD55), and membrane attack complex inhibitory factor (CD59), as well as the previously recognized CR1 (CD35), CR3 alpha (CD11b), CR4 alpha (CD11c), and CR3/4 beta (CD18). Mast cells from all organs as well as HMC-1 cells expressed CD46, CD55, and CD59, but not CD11b, CD21, or CD35. The C5aR (CD88) was detectable on skin mast cells, a subset (5 to 15%) of cardiac mast cells, and on HMC-1 cells, but not on lung, uterus, or tonsillar mast cells (< 5%). Moreover, double immunoperoxidase staining (tryptase vs C5aR/CD88) revealed in situ expression of C5aR on skin, but not lung mast cells. Recombinant human (rh) C5a, at 10(-10) to 10(-7) M, induced secretion of histamine from basophils (rhC5a, 10(-8) M: 53.4 +/- 3.1% vs control < 5%) and from skin mast cells (rhC5a, 10(-8) M: 25.8 +/- 16.1% vs control < 10% histamine release), but not from other mast cells (rhC5a or control: < 10%, p > 0.05). The rhC5a-induced secretion of histamine from basophils and skin mast cells was inhibited by S5/1, a blocking Ab against CD88 (basophils: 37.2% to 75.1%; skin mast cells: 39.2% to 83.9% inhibition, p < 0.05). Together, this study shows that a) basophils and mast cells express a different profile of complement receptors, b) C5a-dependent mediator release in skin mast cells and basophils is mediated via CD88, and c) mast cells constitute a heterogeneous lineage in terms of expression of the C5a binding site CD88.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

The manganese binding site of manganese peroxidase: characterization of an Asp179Asn site-directed mutant protein.

A site-directed mutant, D179N, in the gene encoding Phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1), was created by overlap extension, using polymerase chain reaction. The mutant gene was expressed in P. chrysosporium under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The mutant manganese peroxidase (MnP) was purified, and its spectra and MW were very similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. Steady-state kinetic analysis of MnP D179N revealed that the Km for the substrate MnII was approximately 50-fold greater than the corresponding Km for the wild-type recombinant enzyme (3.7 mM versus approximately 70 microM). Likewise, the kcat value for MnII oxidation of the mutant protein was only 1/265 of that for the wild-type enzyme. By comparison, the apparent Km for H2O2 of MnP D179N was similar to the corresponding value of the wild-type MnP. The first-order rate constant for MnP D179N compound II reduction by MnII was approximately 1/200 of that for the wild-type enzyme. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for MnP D179N compound II reduction by MnII was approximately 100-fold greater than the KD for the wild-type compound II. In contrast, the second-order rate constant for p-cresol reduction of the mutant compound II was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. These results also suggest that the mutation affects the binding of MnII to the enzyme and, consequently, the rate of compound II reduction by MnII. In contrast, the mutation apparently does not have a significant effect on H2O2 cleavage during compound I formation or on p-cresol reduction of compound II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Binding Sites↗