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Biomedical subjects

K Kishi

Publications and source records attributed to K Kishi.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Mouse deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I): biochemical and immunological characterization, cDNA structure and tissue distribution.

Mouse urinary deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) resembles rat and human DNase Is in terms of its proteochemical and enzymological properties. Furthermore, mouse DNase I was demonstrated to be immunologically closer to the rat than to the human enzyme. A 1176 bp full length cDNA encoding mouse DNase I was constructed from RNA obtained from the kidney and parotid glands. The amino acid sequence up to the 45th residue from the N-terminal of the mature enzyme was identical to that deduced from the cDNA sequence. This DNase I was distributed most densely in the parotid glands from the standpoint of both enzyme activity and gene transcript levels.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Intragastric distribution of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related ulcers in patients without collagen diseases.

During the long-term administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), approximately 3% of patients have gastric ulcers develop in each year. Although much is known about the endoscopic characteristics of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is not clear where in the stomach NSAIDs induce ulcers in patients without RA. We looked at that question. During the 1-year study period, 29 patients with gastric ulcer, who had been taking NSAIDs regularly for more than 4 weeks mainly for osteoarthritis, were identified. Seventy-five patients with gastric ulcers who had not taken NSAID also were found. The sites of gastric ulcers of these two groups were quite different. The NSAID-induced ulcers mainly were found in the gastric antrum, whereas the majority of NSAID-unrelated ulcers were in the gastric corpus. We conclude that NSAID-induced ulcers in non-RA patients mainly are formed in the gastric antrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Helicobacter pylori independent chronological change in gastric acid secretion in the Japanese.

BACKGROUND: Gastric acid secretion in Japanese subjects decreases with aging. One of the possible causative mechanisms of this attenuated acid secretion is speculated to be a Helicobacter pylori induced chronic gastritis. The infection rate of this microorganism has decreased recently in Japan. AIMS: To investigate whether gastric acid secretion has altered over the past 20 years, and if so, what the influence of H pylori infection might be in the Japanese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin and pepsinogen I and II concentrations, and H pylori infection were determined in 110 Japanese subjects in both the 1970s and 1990s. RESULTS: Basal acid output as well as maximal acid output have greatly increased over the past 20 years, not only in individuals with H pylori infection but also in those without infection. Furthermore, subjects with H pylori infection tended to show decreased gastric acid secretion in comparison with those without infection, particularly in geriatric subjects. There was a positive correlation between gastric acid secretion and serum pepsinogen I concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion have increased over the past 20 years; some unknown factors other than the decrease in H pylori infection may play an important role in this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cellular localization of mRNAs for prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in mouse gastrointestinal tract.

Regional and cellular distribution of mRNAs for prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor subtypes was investigated in the mouse gastrointestinal tract by in situ hybridization. Strong signals for EP1 transcripts were detected in cells of the muscularis mucosae layer, especially in the body of the stomach. Intense signals for EP3 transcripts were detected in neurons of the myenteric ganglia throughout the tract. Moderate EP3 mRNA expression was also observed in fundic gland epithelial cells, except for surface mucous cells in the stomach. Expression of EP4 mRNA was moderate in surface epithelial cells of the corpus and in glands from the surface to the base of the antrum. Strong EP4 signals were observed in the epithelium in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In the ileum, signals were only observed in the upper part of the villi. However, no or weak signals for EP2 transcripts were detected. These findings suggest that PGE2 modulates various gastric or intestinal functions via at least three different PGE receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Production and activation of hepatocyte growth factor during the healing of rat gastric ulcers.

The hepatocyte growth factor has been reported to be a potent mitogen of various epithelial cells, including gastric mucosal cells. Therefore, production and activation of hepatocyte growth factor in the gastric wall were investigated to speculate on the possible role of this factor in the healing of gastric ulcer in rats. Indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions and acetic acid induced ulcers were employed as models of acute gastric lesions and chronic ulcer, respectively. Immunoblot and Northern blot analyses indicate that experimentally induced gastric mucosal lesions stimulate not only the production of hepatocyte growth factor, but also the conversion to its active form. This conversion was accompanied by increased gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator in the stomach. In rats with acute mucosal lesions, hepatocyte growth factor activator mRNA was most abundant 6 h after induction of mucosal lesions. On the other hand, hepatocyte growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor activator mRNA levels were elevated until 15 days after the induction of chronic ulcers. In summary, it has been clarified that not only production, but also activation of hepatocyte growth factor is stimulated during gastric ulcer healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Radiotherapy for hypoglycaemia associated with large leiomyosarcomas.

A patient with recurrent severe hypoglycaemia attacks due to a large, irresectable retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma was treated with radiotherapy (60 Gy). The blood glucose level gradually and steadily improved as the cumulative radiation dose was increased. Weaning of hyperalimentation was started when the cumulative dose reached 21.6 Gy. The patient became completely free from hypoglycaemic attacks despite no significant diminishment of local tumour size and untreated multiple lung metastases. The patient was discharged and the attacks did not recur until expiration as a result of tumour bleeding. This case report supports the clinical usefulness of radiation therapy in treating hypoglycaemia induced by non-islet cell tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

In vitro studies of the stimulation of insulin secretion and B-cell proliferation by rat placental lactogen-II during pregnancy in rats.

The present study investigated the effect of rat placental lactogen-II (rPL-II) on insulin secretion and B-cell proliferation of the maternal islets during the last half of pregnancy in rats using a homologous system. Pancreatic islets were isolated from nonpregnant rats and rats at day 13 of pregnancy and cultured for 8 days in medium containing trophoblast culture medium or purified hormones. The medium was changed daily and insulin concentrations were determined by measuring immunoreactivity. The number of proliferating B cells were determined by double staining for both insulin and 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated into replicating DNA during the last 24 h of incubation. rPL-II-enriched medium, in which trophoblasts of placentae from rats at day 13 of pregnancy were incubated for 8 days, was added to the islet culture system. Insulin concentration in the medium of non-pregnant rat islets was significantly increased and doubled on incubation in 100% trophoblast culture medium. Addition of purified rPL-II to the culture medium of pregnant rat islets stimulated insulin secretion at the concentrations of 50-500 ng ml-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of rPL-II on insulin secretion was found to be more than double that with rat prolactin (rPRL) and rat growth hormone (rGH) at 100 ng ml-1. For determination of B-cell proliferation, non-pregnant rat islets were incubated with rPL-II, rPRL or rGH at 1000 ng ml-1 for 8 days and then 10 mmol BrdU l-1 was added during the last 24 h of incubation. rPL-II (5.30 +/- 0.36%), rPRL (3.79 +/- 0.34%) and rGH (2.87 +/- 0.29%) significantly increased the rate of incorporation of BrdU into the B cells compared with that of the control (1.34 +/- 0.18%). These results indicate that rPL-II directly regulates insulin secretion and B-cell proliferation of maternal islets during the last half of pregnancy in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Risk factors and incidence of coronary artery lesions in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.

We determined the incidence of coronary lesions by coronary angiography and the associated risk factors in 102 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Old myocardial infarction was observed in 33 patients and angina pectoris in 27 patients. Coronary angiography revealed significant stenosis (> or = 75%) in 66 patients, including single-vessel disease in 22 patients and multiple-vessel disease in 44 patients. Angiography detected 21 coronary artery ectasia lesions, consisting of 10 saccular and 11 fusiform aneurysms in 18 patients. Significant coronary stenosis was present in approximately two-thirds of patients with AAA, suggesting that coronary angiography is a useful preoperative examination in patients with AAA. The incidence of coronary ectasia was also high in patients with this disease, perhaps because AAA and coronary ectasia involve similar pathogenic processes. There was considerable overlap in risk factors in patients with AAA and patients with coronary artery disease without AAA. However, advanced age and hypertension were more strongly associated with AAA than with coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Malignant solitary fibrous tumor arising in the right buttock associated with metastatic parietal pleural and intrapulmonary tumors in addition to pleural effusion.

A malignant solitary fibrous tumor arising in the right buttock associated with metastatic parietal pleural and intrapulmonary tumors and pleural effusion was found in a 59-year-old man. A chest computed tomogram revealed three tumors attached to the parietal pleura with rib destruction, and a tumor in the left lower lung field. Histologically, the tumors of the buttock and parietal pleura were characterized by proliferation of bundles of spindle-shaped or oval cells separated by wavy hyalinized collagen tissue with no expression of cytokeratin, S-100 protein, muscle actin or epithelial membrane antigen, but these cells weakly expressed CD34 and strongly expressed vimentin.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1997

Resistance to apoptosis induced by serum depletion and all-trans retinoic acid in drug-resistant leukemic cell lines.

The relation between resistance to anticancer drugs and resistance to apoptosis has been investigated in the human leukemic cell line(KY-821) and its drug-resistant sublines. Under serum depletion conditions, drug-resistant cell lines showed apoptotic resistance when compared with the parental cell line. Drug resistant cell lines also showed resistance to apoptosis when treated with all-trans retinoic acid. DNA fragmentation was low in drug resistant cell lines under both stimulations. Flowcytometry analysis did not show any alterations of the Fas antigen, p53, bcl-2 and c-myc protein expression toward inhibition of apoptotic response in drug-resistant sublines. These results indicate that drug-resistant leukemic cells still show resistance to apoptosis-inducing stimulation such as poor nutrition and differentiation-inducing agents.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1997

Recommended daily exercise for Japanese does not increase the protein requirement in sedentary young men.

In a previous study, we reported that protein intake at the level of dietary protein allowance for Japanese adults, i.e. 1.08 g/kg per day, was enough for recommended daily exercise. However, whether or not recommended daily exercise increases the protein requirement for young adults has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of recommended daily exercise on the protein requirement under an isoenergetic state by a nitrogen balance method. After an adaptation period of 3 days, 12 healthy college students exercised for 10 days with a non-exercise control period of 10 days before or after the exercise period. They were given a maintenance level of energy and 0.64 g/kg per day of high-quality mixed proteins, estimated as the average protein requirement for adults by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, throughout the experimental period. They performed treadmill running during the exercise period at about 65% of VO2 max for 25 or 40 min/d, which expended 200 or 300 kcal of extra energy, respectively. Although the exercise increased the dermal nitrogen loss, a compensatory decrease in urinary nitrogen excretion was observed. Consequently, the exercises (200 and 300 kcal/d) did not significantly affect the nitrogen balance. These findings indicate that the recommended amount of daily exercise does not change the protein requirement.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Japanese dietary protein allowance is sufficient for moderate physical exercise in young men.

The sufficiency of the dietary protein allowances recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan for various physical exercises has not been examined. We investigated the protein requirement for moderate-intensity physical exercise using nitrogen balance in the isoenergetic state. Seventeen healthy college students exercised for 10 days with an adaptation period of three days and non-exercise control period of 10 days. They were given a maintenance level of energy and 1.08 g/kg per day of high quality mixed proteins recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan throughout the experimental period. They performed treadmill running during the exercise period at about 65% of VO2max for 25, 41 or 48 min/day, which required 200, 300 or 400 kcal of extra energy, respectively. Although the exercise increased dermal nitrogen loss, urinary nitrogen excretion tended to decrease. Consequently, the exercise ranging from 200 to 400 kcal/day did not significantly alter the nitrogen balance. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and glutathione disulfide were not increased after exercise, suggesting that the moderate exercise, recommended for health promotion by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, does not cause oxidative damage to healthy subjects. These findings demonstrate that a protein intake of 1.08 g/kg per day is enough for moderate exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Identification of predictive factors associated with recurrent restenosis after second percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

The predictive factors of a second restenosis after repeated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were investigated by review of the records of 100 consecutive patients who underwent second angioplasty for restenosis of the same site. PTCA was successful in 97 (97%) of these patients, but 38 patients (39%) developed a second restenosis (recurrent restenosis group) and 59 did not (no recurrent restenosis group). The clinical, angiographic and procedural factors at the second PTCA of the two groups of patients were compared. The major risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) and type and morphology of the lesion (eccentricity, calcification, length, bend) at repeat PTCA did not differ significantly between the recurrent restenosis and no recurrent restenosis groups. The mean intervals from the initial to the second PTCA were significantly shorter in the recurrent stenosis group than in the no recurrent restenosis group (2.1 +/- 1.1 vs 3.4 +/- 1.3 months, p < 0.001). Sixteen (76%) of 21 patients had a second restenosis at an interval between the two PTCAs of < 3 months, compared with 22 (29%) of 76 patients with an interval of > or = 3 months (p < 0.001). Patients who undergo a second angioplasty procedure within 3 months from the previous procedure at the same site have a much higher risk of recurrent restenosis and these patients may benefit from an alternative therapeutic approach.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Comparison of Gore-tex covered Ultraflex stent and bare Ultraflex stent: preliminary clinical results].

We clinically compared the covered Ultraflex stent and the bare Ultraflex stent for malignant esophageal strictures. Materials were 6 cases with esophageal carcinomas. We placed the Gore-tex covered stents (A group) in 4 cases including 2 cases of esophagorespiratory fistulae, and the bare stents (B group) in 2 cases. The stents were well-expanded in all cases. After stenting, dysphagia was improved in all cases. Fistulae were obstructed by the cover in 2 cases in A group. Mean survival term was 123 days in A group and 45 days in B group. Complications were fistulation of bare portion of the covered stent in one case in A group, and tumor bleeding in one case in B group. Considering of the risk of fistula or tumor bleeding, the cover is necessary to increase the safety and efficacy of the esophageal stent.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Comparison of long-term survival between bone marrow transplantation and maintenance chemotherapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission].

To clarify the efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for adult ALL in first remission we retrospectively studied long-term outcomes of adult ALL patients of age between 15 and 44 years who were treated in our institute from 1980 to 1990. In this period thirteen patients with HLA compatible donors were offered allogeneic BMT during the first remission, while 16 patients without HLA-compatible donor were treated with maintenance chemotherapy (Cancer Chemoth Pharmacology 33:359-365, 1994). Patient and disease characteristics (age, leukocyte count at presentation, immunophenotype, Ph1 chromosome, and duration to first remission) in the two groups were not significantly different (chi-square test p > 0.1). As causes of treatment failure, relapse was 90% for chemotherapy while relapse and therapy-related death were 67% and 33%, respectively, for transplantation. The leukemia-free survival (LFS) rates at 10 years were 52 +/- 13% for transplantation and 30 +/- 11% for chemotherapy (P > 0.2, g-Wilcoxon, Logrank). The 10-year-LFS rates of Ph1-negative patients of 15 to 29 year-old were 67 +/- 15% for transplantation (n = 9) and 62 +/- 15% for chemotherapy (n = 8) (P > 0.9). Although the present data are derived from a non randomized retrospective study and a relatively small number of patients, this study revealed no superiority of BMT over chemotherapy for the prolongation of first remission in adult ALL, especially, in a standard risk group such as young patients without Ph1 chromosome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Carcinoembryonic antigen and neutrophils in healthy smokers].

We measured the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the concentrations of neutrophils in serum from healthy smokers. The smokers (n = 1396) had more leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than did non-smokers (n = 1123) (leukocytes: 5853 +/- 1627/mm3 vs 4564 +/- 1118/mm3, p < 0.0001; neutrophils: 3533 +/- 1280/mm3 vs 2718 +/- 883/mm3, p < 0.0001; lymphocytes; 1843 +/- 502/mm3 vs 1513 +/- 406/mm3, p < 0.0001). Subjects in whom the levels of CEA was greater than 5.0 ng/ml had significantly higher concentrations of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes than did those in whom it was 5.0 ng/ml or less (p < 0.0001). Weak correlations were found between serum CEA levels and both the duration of smoking and the Brinkman index. The CEA levels also correlated with daily cigarette consumption (rho = 0.53, p < 0.0001). The concentration of neutrophils in subjects who smoked no more than 20 cigarettes per day or had a CEA level greater than 5.0 ng/ml, or both, was higher than that in subjects who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day or had a CEA level less than or equal to 5.0 ng/ml, or both (4097 +/- 1325/mm3 vs 3791 +/- 1278/mm3, p < 0.05). These results suggest that in healthy smokers, high serum CEA levels are related to high neutrophil levels.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1997

Factors associated with survival exceeding 5 years after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.

During the period between April 1981 and March 1988, 232 consecutive patients underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma at the Department of Radiology, Wakayama Medical College. A > or = 5-year course calculated from the time of the initial TAE was able to be confirmed in 216 patients, who became the subjects of this study. Five-year survival rates were calculated by the direct method, while the clinical features existing at the time of the initial therapy and the clinical course of patients surviving > or = 5 years were studied. The 5-year survival rate was 6.0%. Comparison of the patients dying within 1 year and the patients surviving for > or = 5 years revealed differences in the severity of liver cirrhosis and the tumor type. The long-term survivors tended to have low serum alpha-fetoprotein values. The clinical picture of the patients surviving > or = 5 years after TAE was characterized by relatively mild liver cirrhosis (Child's class A or B), a serum alpha-fetoprotein value of < or = 1,500 ng/dL, relatively small nodular-type tumors with a maximum main tumor diameter of < or = 5.5 cm, a tumor-occupying rate of less than 20%, and absence of portal vein involvement by the tumor. There were patients in whom a relatively small number of TAE sessions was effective in controlling the tumor for a prolonged period, with the patients then dying of causes unrelated to the tumor, as well as patients in whom proliferation of the tumor was controlled by numerous applications of transcatheter therapy, resulting in > or = 5-year survival but with eventual death due to the tumor. Transcatheter arterial embolization makes a major contribution to achieving long-term survival of > or = 5 years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗