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Biomedical subjects

K Kim

Publications and source records attributed to K Kim.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Relationship between the result of preoperative pulmonary function test and postoperative pulmonary complications.

Good preoperative screening and evaluation of patients undergoing surgery is necessary because it serves to identify the individual who is at risk of increased intra-operative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. The retrospective study was done in an attempt to determine if abnormalities in preoperative pulmonary function, detected by routine pulmonary function tests, would predict which patients would suffer from pulmonary complications following surgery. Pulmonary complications in the postoperative period included fever, atelectasis and respiratory failure. The overall incidence of pulmonary complications from our 78 patients undergoing surgery was 37 percent based on clinical criteria. This incidence was high in patients with FEV1 less than 1.0 L/sec, MVV less than 40% of predicted value and PCO2 more than 45 mmHg.

Fever↗
PubMed1987

Heterotopic ossification and pseudoarthrosis in the shoulder following encephalitis. A case report and review of the literature.

Heterotopic bone formation, or myositis ossificans, is common, particularly following trauma, total hip arthroplasty, spinal cord injury, severe head injury, and long-term coma. Although the mechanism is unknown, the pathogenesis is assumed to depend on transformation of mesenchymal cells to bone forming cells in response to a variety of stimuli. The clinical findings, laboratory data, roentgenograms, and radionuclide studies are standard aids in the diagnosis of heterotopic ossification. The treatment usually consists of range-of-motion exercise, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, X-ray therapy, disodium etidronate (EHDP), and excisional surgery. Reported here is a rare case of periarticular heterotopic ossification in the shoulder of a 38-year-old woman following head injury and 13 months in a coma. The unusual feature was the development of a pseudoarthrosis within the heterotopic bone. The patient's shoulder became markedly stiff with the development of a heterotopic pseudoarthrosis. Excision of the heterotopic bone and pseudoarthrosis was performed to improve the range of motion. Clinical roentgenographic, radionuclide, and pathologic observations are presented on the formation of a synovial joint within the heterotopic bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for peripheral blood B lymphocyte but not T lymphocyte involvement in multiple myeloma.

Because there is controversy regarding whether subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are part of the malignant clone in patients with multiple myeloma, we studied this question by immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene analysis. Southern blot analysis with antibody probes demonstrated clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in PBLs of seven of nine patients that were identical to those seen in their marrow plasma cells. Circulating plasma cells were not detected in any of these patients. In contrast, no patient demonstrated clonally rearranged T cell receptor genes. In one sequentially studied patient, PBLs obtained at diagnosis when he had stage I (Durie-Salmon) contained only germline DNA, while analysis of PBLs at relapse (stage III) revealed a clonally rearranged band. These data confirm the notion that circulating lymphocytes in patients with myeloma are part of the malignant clone and, furthermore, these malignant cells are of B cell rather than T cell lineage.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Confidence intervals following group sequential tests in clinical trials.

Tsiatis, Rosner, and Mehta (1984, Biometrics 40, 797-803) proposed a procedure for constructing confidence intervals following group sequential tests of a normal mean. This method is first extended for group sequential tests for which the sample sizes between interim analyses are not identical or the times are not equally spaced. Then properties of this confidence interval estimation procedure are studied by simulation. The extension accommodates the flexible procedure by Lan and DeMets (1983, Biometrika 70, 659-663) for constructing discrete group sequential boundaries to form a structure for monitoring and estimation following a class of group sequential tests. Finally, it is demonstrated how to combine the procedures by Lan and DeMets and by Tsiatis, Rosner, and Mehta using a FORTRAN program.

Biometry↗
PubMed1987

Essential cryoglobulinemia associated with intense and persistent synovitis of the knee.

Two patients with essential cryoglobulinemia, an immune complex disease, developed an intense, chronic, monoarticular knee synovitis. In each patient, synovial fluid findings (high white count and left shift) suggested a pyrogenic or crystalline etiology. A synovectomy was eventually performed in both patients to control their synovitis, which was refractory to medical management. The histologic and immunofluorescent synovial changes in the arthropathy of essential cryoglobulinemia, which was not previously been characterized, are marked by diffuse eosinophilic infiltration and edema. In both patients, synovial specimens suggested an immune complex process; immunofluorescent studies revealed immunoglobulin IgG in one patient, and IgG, IgA, and immune complexes (C1q) deposits in the other patients. Both patients, subsequently treated with D-penicillamine and chloroquine, or chloroquine alone, were followed for two years and had a slow but definite fall in their cryoglobulin levels, despite the persistence of monoarticular synovitis in one patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of prostaglandin E2, forskolin and cholera toxin on cAMP production and in vitro LH-RH release from the rat hypothalamus.

The present study attempts to elucidate the possible role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the function of the neural luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) apparatus. To this end, in vitro LH-RH release from superfused hypothalamic fragments and cAMP production by hypothalamic P2 membrane fractions were measured. Immature female rats (day 28) were ovariectomized and implanted with Silastic capsules containing estradiol (235 micrograms/ml). Two days later, animals were sacrificed and the mediobasal hypothalamic preoptic area (hypothalamic units or fragments) were removed. To examine in vitro LH-RH release from superfused hypothalamic fragments, effluents were collected into tubes on ice at 10-min intervals and LH-RH concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Following a 50-min control period, a step-wise increment in several doses of PGE2 (each dose for a 50-min interval) evoked a dose-related increase in LH-RH release. PGE2 induced significant (P less than 0.01) increments in LH-RH release at doses of 5.68 X 10(-7), 5.68 X 10(-6), and 5.68 X 10(-5) M, respectively. When adenylate cyclase activators, such as forskolin and cholera toxin were infused in a step-wise manner (each dose for a 50-min interval) following a 50-min control period, a dose-related increase in LH-RH release was also obtained; forskolin and cholera toxin significantly (P less than 0.01) stimulated LH-RH release at doses of 1 X 10(-4) and 5.4 X 10(-10) M, respectively. These two substances were ineffective in stimulating LH-RH release when hypothalamic fragments were superfused in calcium-free plus EGTA (10 mM) containing medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1986

Copy-number of broad host-range plasmid R1162 is regulated by a small RNA.

We have shown previously [Kim, K. and Meyer, R.J. (1985) J. Mol. Biol. 185,755-767] that copy-number of the broad host-range plasmid R1162 is controlled by the amounts of two proteins, encoded by cotranscribed genes comprising a region of the plasmid called RepI. We have now demonstrated that expression of RepI is negatively regulated by a 75 base RNA that is complementary to a segment of the RepI message. Increased intracellular amounts of RNA molecules that include this segment relieve the inhibition of RepI gene expression, suggesting that the target for regulation is the mRNA itself. A mutation decreasing the amount of the 75 base RNA results in elevated plasmid copy-number. Thus, consistent with our previous observations, regulation of the expression of the RepI genes is a factor in controlling plasmid copy-number.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Carcinoid tumors of the lung: cytologic differential diagnosis in fine-needle aspirates.

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors presenting as peripheral or coin lesions are rare and radiologically may resemble other primary or metastatic neoplasms in the lung. This study consisted of the cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspirates from five peripheral carcinoid tumors of the lung with particular reference to the differences between the cytologic manifestations of this neoplasm and of small-cell carcinoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Aspirates of typical carcinoid tumors are characterized by isolated cells and loose aggregates of cells; spindle- and oval-shaped cells of uniform size with scanty, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm; and nuclei with evenly dispersed finely granular chromatin and usually prominent single micronucleoli with occasional macronucleoli. In contrast, the cells of small-cell carcinoma are pleomorphic and arranged in noncohesive loose aggregates, their cytoplasm is scanty, and they show nuclear molding. Their nuclei are hyperchromatic with fine to coarsely granular chromatin. The cells of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma are arranged in three-dimensional clusters or loose aggregates of relatively uniform cells with a columnar configuration. The nuclei are uniformly round and hyperchromatic with finely granular chromatin. Macronucleoli are usually prominent. This study demonstrates that cytologic analysis of fine-needle aspirates can play a significant role in the evaluation and management of peripheral lung tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

In vitro LHRH release from superfused hypothalamus as a function of the rat estrous cycle: effect of progesterone.

The present study examines the effect of progesterone (P) on in vitro LHRH release from hypothalamic fragments from intact adult rats throughout the estrous cycle. Estrous cyclicity was monitored by daily vaginal smears, and animals which exhibited at least two consecutive 4-day estrous cycles were used. Animals were sacrificed between 10.00 and 13.00 h and the mediobasal hypothalamic-preoptic area-suprachiasmatic nucleus units were removed and transferred into superfusion chambers (one unit/chamber). Following a 2-hour control period, in which the spontaneous LHRH release was established, P (10 ng/ml) was infused in an intermittent mode (10 min-on, 20 min-off). Effluents were collected at 10-min intervals and LHRH concentrations were determined by RIA. The spontaneous LHRH release from control preparations was episodic throughout all stages of the estrous cycle with a significant low release rate and low LHRH amplitude only during estrus. Interestingly, intermittent infusion of P significantly stimulated LHRH release solely in hypothalamic fragments derived from proestrous rats. The P-stimulated LHRH release during the 1st-hour period after P infusion was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that observed in the control preparations during the same time period as well as from its own basal pre-P values (1-hour post-P: 4.26 +/- 0.96 vs. 1-hour control and pre-P: 2.34 +/- 0.38 and 2.32 +/- 0.57 pg/10 min, respectively). P administration did not stimulate in vitro LHRH release during the other stages of the estrous cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The role of propranolol in the preoperative preparation of patients with Graves' disease.

From March 1980 to August 1982, 108 patients with Graves' disease participated in a prospective study at Yonsei University College of Medicine. Preoperatively, 22 patients were prepared with propranolol alone (group 1) and 86 with propranolol and propylthiouracil (PTU) (group 2). The duration of preparation averaged 11.5 days for group 1 and 10.8 days for group 2. Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy was performed, leaving 4 to 6 grams at both upper poles. No significant difference was noted in the average weight of the removed gland or the amount of blood loss between both groups. During the operation, the pulse rate of group 1 was significantly faster than that of group 2 but evened out by the day of discharge. The incidence of high fever during and immediately after operation was 27.3 per cent in group 1 which is greater than the 17.4 per cent in group 2. In group 1, the incidence of postoperative transient hypocalcemia was 27.3 per cent, transient or prolonged hypothyroidism was 13.6 per cent and recurrence of thyrotoxicosis was 4.5 per cent. In group 2, the values were 22.1, 18.6 and 4.7 per cent, respectively. High fever developed in one patient from group 1 during operation and this patient died on the third day postoperatively. From the results of our study, it appears to be more beneficial to administer both propranolol and PTU as preoperative medication to patients with Graves' disease prior to undergoing operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The percentage of dense red cells does not predict incidence of sickle cell painful crisis.

To test the hypothesis that the tendency of hemoglobin S (HbS) to polymerize within cells is the major determinant of the incidence of vaso-occlusive episodes, we have examined the effect of the percentage of dense cells (as measured by Percoll-Stractan continuous density gradient centrifugation) on the frequency of painful crises in a group of 36 patients with sickle cell disease. No correlation was found between the percentage of dense cells and admissions for crisis. Among the patients with known alpha-gene status (n = 25), the strong correlation between decreased dense cells and alpha-thalassemia (-alpha/alpha alpha) reported previously was confirmed (P less than .001). In addition, in this small subset, patients with alpha-thalassemia (-alpha/alpha alpha) appeared to have a marginally increased number of admissions for sickle cell crisis (t = 2.1910, P less than .05), which was independent of the percentage of dense cells. We conclude that the percentage of dense sickle cells cannot predict the incidence of painful crisis, suggesting that other factors (microcirculatory regulation or other humoral and cellular factors) are more important in the generation maintenance of painful crises than the necessary, but not sufficient, tendency of HbS-containing red cells to sickle.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Benzo(alpha)pyrene metabolism and DNA-binding in cultured explants of human bronchus and in monolayer cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells treated with ellagic acid.

Ellagic acid, a plant phenolic compound present in certain foods eaten by humans, has been reported to possess antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. To evaluate the potential anticarcinogenic effect of ellagic acid in humans, we investigated the effect of nontoxic concentrations of ellagic acid on the metabolism of benzo(alpha)pyrene and binding of benzo(alpha)pyrene metabolites to DNA in cultured explants of human bronchus and in human bronchial epithelial cell cultures. Ellagic acid at concentrations of 10, 25, or 50 microM did not significantly alter the metabolism of benzo(alpha)pyrene in the bronchial explant cultures and in only one of four bronchial cell cultures. However, binding of metabolites of benzo(alpha)pyrene to DNA was inhibited in all explant and cell cultures of human bronchus by 26 to 77%. These results support the work of other investigators and suggest that ellagic acid may be an inhibitor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced carcinogenesis in humans.

Adult↗