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Biomedical subjects

K Kida

Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Lactoferrin expression in the canine uterus during the estrous cycle and with pyometra.

The expression of lactoferrin, a non-specific antimicrobial defence, in the canine uterus during the normal estrous cycle and in bitches with pyometra was examined. Using polymerase chain reaction analysis, lactoferrin gene transcripts were detected in the endometrium at all stages of the estrous cycle, with the highest levels in estrus. In normal bitches, endometrial lactoferrin mRNA increased from proestrus to estrus (P<0.05). Thereafter, it dramatically decreased from estrus to Day 10 of diestrus (P<0.05), and stayed low at Day 35 of diestrus and anestrus; this was consistent with blood estrogen concentrations. Levels of lactoferrin mRNA were higher in bitches with pyometra than in normal diestrus (P<0.05). With immunohistochemistry, distinct staining of lactoferrin was detected in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium at proestrus and estrus, but little staining was detected at Day 10 of diestrus. At Day 35 of diestrus and anestrus, a partial and weak reaction was present in the same region. In bitches with pyometra, the glandular epithelial cells and many cells in the uterine stroma were strongly stained. Staining cells in the stroma were morphologically similar to neutrophils. No lactoferrin staining was seen in the uterine stromal cells or myometrium in any section. These results suggest that, in the canine uterus, lactoferrin expression is related to the blood concentration of estrogen, and that the dramatic reduction in lactoferrin observed at the early stage of diestrus may impair antimicrobial defense. Also, enhanced expression of lactoferrin mRNA in the endometrium with pyometra may be associated with neutrophil invasion into the uterus to combat the infection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Effect of co-culturing with embryonic fibroblasts on IVM, IVF and IVC of canine oocytes.

We studied the effects of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and canine embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) on IVM, IVF and IVC of canine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were harvested from ovaries by slicing, and in vitro maturation was evaluated in three different conditions: culture media only (control), co-culture with MEF, or co-culture with CEF. The oocytes were cultured for 48 or 72 h. Only oocytes larger than 100 microm in diameter with a homogeneous dark cytoplasm and two or more layers of cumulus cells were used. The culture medium was TCM 199+10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with 100 IU/mL penicillin and 100 microg/mL streptomycin. After 48 h of IVM, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro with fresh canine spermatozoa that had been selected by a swim-up method, and the oocytes and spermatozoa were co-cultured in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (TYH) for up to 20 h in 5% CO2 in air at 38.5 degrees C. After insemination, oocytes were transferred to three different conditions (the same as for IVM) and were cultured. After 48 or 72 h of maturation in vitro, the maturation rate of MII oocytes cultured in co-culture of MEF and CEF was higher than for oocytes cultured in control (P<0.05). Although the rate that reached the MII stage was not different in the 48 and 72 h cultures, the percentage of degenerated oocytes was greater at 72 h in all three treatment groups. The proportion of monospermic and polyspermic oocytes was not different among the three treatment groups. Cleavage rates were higher in the MEF and CEF treatment groups than in the control group (P<0.05). Co-culture with CEF developed the embryo up to the 16-cell stage, and with MEF up to morula stage. In conclusion, co-culture of embryonic fibroblast cells enhanced nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of canine oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Preventive effects of CIDR-based protocols on premature ovulation before timed-AI in Ovsynch in cycling beef cows.

Ovsynch is a program developed to synchronize ovulation for timed breeding. In this paper, the authors investigate whether controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocols prevent premature ovulation before timed-artificial insemination (AI) when Ovsynch is started a few days before luteolysis in cycling beef cows. Nine beef cows at 16 days after oestrus were treated with (1) Ovsynch, i.e. gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue on day 0, prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) analogue on day 7 and GnRH analogue on day 9 with timed-AI on day 10, (n=3); (2) Ovsynch+CIDR (Ovsynch protocol plus a CIDR for 7 days from day 0, n=3), or (3) oestradiol benzoate (OB)+CIDR+GnRH (OB on day 0 in lieu of the first GnRH treatment, followed by the Ovsynch+CIDR protocol, n=3). In the Ovsynch group (1) plasma progesterone concentrations fell below 0.5 ng/mL earlier (day 5) than in both CIDR-treated groups (2) and (3), where this occurred on day 8. Plasma oestradiol-17beta concentrations peaked on day 8 in the Ovsynch group and on day 9 in both CIDR-treated groups. The dominant follicle ovulated on day 10 in the Ovsynch group and on day 11 in both CIDR-treated groups. Thus, both CIDR-based protocols prevented premature ovulation before timed-AI in Ovsynch when the protocol was started a few days before luteolysis. This reflects the fact that progesterone levels remained high until the beef cattle were treated with PGF(2alpha).

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed2005

Detection of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA and immunohistochemical localization of the corresponding proteins in the canine uterus during the estrous cycle.

Uterine expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors has not been studied in the dog. The present study looks at the presence of mRNA transcripts and immunohistochemical localization for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), which is the potent EGF family member, and for EGF receptor (EGF-R) in the canine uterus during the estrous cycle. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction together with sequencing of the products confirmed the presence of their mRNA transcripts in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle. Immunohistochemical analysis found clear positive staining for TGF-alpha and EGF-R in the luminal and glandular epithelia at proestrus and estrus. Immunoreactivity decreased at the early stage of diestrus. In the mid stage of diestrus, clear staining for TGF-alpha was again found in the glands of the luminal region, and staining for EGF-R was observed in all glands. Very little staining was seen at anestrus for either TGF-alpha or EGF-R. These results suggest that TGF-alpha expressed in the uterus may be involved in regulating growth, differentiation and regression in the endometrial epithelial cells during the estrous cycle in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Identification of novel C253Y missense and Y864X nonsense mutations in the insulin receptor gene in type A insulin-resistant patients.

Mutations in the insulin receptor gene have been reported in cases of type A insulin resistance. We report herein two cases of type A insulin resistance, which involve some novel mutations. Case 1 is a heterozygote of the C253Y missense mutation and case 2 is a heterozygote of the Y864X nonsense mutation. In the C253Y missense mutation in exon 3, a cysteine residue is replaced with tyrosine in the cysteine-rich domain of the alpha subunit. The Y864X in exon 13 results in a truncated receptor, which is devoid of most of the beta subunit. This mutant receptor could not be expressed on a cell membrane since the transmembrane domain is missing. Other significant mutations were not found for the entire coding regions and splice/donor sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The Japanese Study Group of Insulin Therapy for Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes (JSGIT): initial aims and impact of the family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japanese children.

The Japanese Study Group of Insulin Therapy for Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes (JSGIT) was established in July 1994 with the chief aim to improve the quality of therapy for type 1 diabetes in children, an entity far less common in Japan than in Europe. We proposed four initial research topics: (i) to determine the current status of medical care and glycemic control in Japanese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus; (ii) to standardize the measurement of hemoglobin A1c; (iii) to establish a registry of a large cohort of patients in order to enable prospective studies to improve the quality of therapy for children with type 1 diabetes in Japan; and (iv) to enable participants of the JSGIT to hold a workshop twice annually. We registered a total of 736 patients from 45 hospitals throughout Japan. Intervention via insulin treatment was instituted after 2 yr for those patients whose hemoglobin A1c level was more than 8.1%. The proportion of patients receiving multiple insulin injections increased after intervention; however, average hemoglobin A1c in females remained significantly higher than in males. We identified two forms of diabetes in Japanese children: a rapidly progressive form and a more slowly progressive form. There was a significantly higher prevalence of a family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives in the slowly progressive form. These preliminary findings are the result of the first collaborative study of childhood diabetes in Japan.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Influence of Ni2+ and Co2+ on methanogenic activity and the amounts of coenzymes involved in methanogenesis.

The requirement of Ni2+ and Co2+ addition on methanogenic activity and the coenzymes involved in methanogenesis were investigated in anaerobic continuous cultivation with synthetic wastewater using acetate as the sole carbon source. Addition of Ni2+ and Co2+ to the synthetic wastewater drastically increased the maximum dilution rate of the cultivation. The concentrations of coenzymes F430 and corrinoids in the biomass increased to 0.62 micromol-Ni/g-VSS and 0.67 micromol-Co/g-VSS, respectively with the increase of the dilution rate. Methanogenic activity of the culture broth also increased with an increase of dilution rate. However, without addition of Ni2+ and Co2+, F430 and corrinoids were not detected in the biomass and methanogenic activity was only a trace level at a dilution rate of 0.025 d(-1). When the amounts of Ni2+ and Co2+ added at a dilution rate of 0.6 d(-1) were lowered in steps, the concentrations of F430 and corrinoids in the biomass and methanogenic activity decreased with decreasing amounts of Ni2+ and Co2+ added. These results suggest that Ni2+ and Co2+ were required for the methane-producing reactions via increases of coenzymes F430 and corrinoids.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[A clinical study of the usefulness of assessing dyspnea in healthy elderly subjects].

Dyspnea is a major clinical symptom of various respiratory diseases. However, no objective assessment of dyspnea on exertion (DOE) in elderly subjects has been established yet. Furthermore, the factors which may influence DOE in healthy elderly subjects have not yet been precisely elucidated. An oxygen cost diagram (OCD), which was originally developed by McGavin (1978), is one of the methods of assessing dyspnea on exertion in a semi-quantitative way, although it is still uncertain which factor (s) might influence the changes in OCD values. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to study; 1) whether OCD values are useful for the assessment of DOE in elderly subjects, and 2) the possible factors (s) which might contribute to changes in OCD values in these patients. The total number of subjects which were enrolled in the present study was 818, consisting of 355 men and 463 women, whose mean age was 76.4 years old, was studied. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and OCD values were measured on the same day. The OCD value and FEV(1.0) declined linearly with advanced aging. It was found that the factors which significantly reduce OCD values were as follows: aging, vital capacity, FEV(1.0), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). The odd ratio which contributes to changes in OCD values was calculated. It appeared that there was a gender difference: when the odd ratio of OCD values of less than 70 was taken as 1 in the men, the odd ratio in women was calculated as 1.42. The odd ratio increased with advancing age; when the value in the 65~69 year-old group was 1, the odd ratios in the 85~89 year-old and 90~94 year-old groups were in approximately 6 and 8, respectively. Similarly, the odd ratio increased parallel with reduction in MVV. From these results, we conclude that the OCD value is reliable, simple and the best method of evaluating dyspnea in elderly subjects semi-quantitatively, and both the minute ventilatory volume and age are closely related with changes in OCD values.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Familial predisposition of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japan, a country with low incidence. Japan Diabetes Society Data Committee for Childhood Diabetes.

The study group of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) carried out nationwide hospital-based and population-based surveys of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Japan. According to the nationwide population-based survey, the incidence of childhood type 1 DM in Japan was 1.5 (1.4-1.6)/10(5), which did not differ for the 5 years from 1986-1990. Predisposition for DM and autoimmunity were studied in the first-degree relatives of the patients, including older and later cohorts. The prevalence of type 1 DM was 3.3% (12/369) among siblings and 2.2% (8/369) among parents, while the prevalence of type 2 DM was 0% among siblings and 4.3% (16/369) among parents. The risk of type 1 DM among siblings of the patients was 330 times higher than that among the general population in the Japanese population. The rate of positivity for autoantibodies, including ICA, IAA, GAD and IA-2, was 1.4-2.9% in parents (n=140) and 2.0-3.9% in siblings (n=203). The genetic susceptibility for type 1 DM is far lower in Japanese children than in Caucasian children, but predisposition to the disease and positive autoimmunity are almost the same in Japanese families of patients as in Caucasian families. The quality of life of Japanese parents of children with type 1 DM was less satisfactory that that of the Caucasian parents previously reported, which might be a result of the low incidence of type 1 DM in Japan.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Two elderly patients with sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome].

Two elderly patients with sarcoidosis complicated with Sjögren's syndrome are described. Case 1: A 70-year-old woman was admitted due to dry eyes. Histological examination of a minor salivary gland specimen revealed lymphocytic infiltration, which was compatible with Sjögren's syndrome. Because uveitis was demonstrated, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was performed, to confirm a diagnosis of lung sarcoidosis. Histological examination of TBLB showed non-caseating granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis. Case 2: A 70-year-old woman was admitted due to dyspnea on exercise and blurred vision. Two years previously, Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed because of a positive Shirmer test and positive SS-A antibody. Result of ophthalmic examination were compatible with uveitis. Histological examination of TBLB showed non-caseating granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis. Certain similarities between sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome in terms of immunological aspects have attracted attention. In the present manuscript, a possible relationship between the two diseases as well as the characteristics of elderly sarcoidosis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Factors determining outcome in elderly patients with severe COPD on long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy.

The objective of the present study was to identify factors that determine outcome in elderly patients receiving long term domiciliary oxygen therapy (LTOT) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One hundred fifty-seven COPD patients (121 male, 36 female) receiving LTOT were followed-up from 1983 to 1994. Univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards ratio model and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to quantify the relationship among a total of 34 baseline variables and overall mortality. By December 31, 1995, 96 patients (61.2%) had died and 13 (8.3%) were unavailable for follow up. Mean age of the patients was 79.2 yrs and mean duration of LTOT was 2.81 yrs. The mean FEV1 was 0.80 L and mean FEV1/FVC was 48%. The overall survival was poor and 5-yr survival was 21.6% (median survival: 3.01 yrs). Among the variables tested by univariate analysis, factors associated with poor outcome were as follows: %IBW < or = 85 (HR = 2.15, p < 0.001), serum albumin (g/dl) < or = 3.5 (1.81, p < 0.01), hemoglobin (g/dl) < or = 11.0 (1.86, p < 0.01), FEV1/FVC > 50% (0.63, p < 0.05), and high dyspnea ranking (grade 4 or 5) (1.74, p < 0.05). The coexistence of bronchiectasis (3.96, p < 0.01) and malignancy (1.85, p < 0.01) also contributed to poor outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that independent prognostic factors influencing outcome included: nutritional status (%IBW) (HR = 2.08, p < 0.01), dyspnea ranking (2.04, p < 0.01), coexistence of malignancy (2.02, p < 0.01), and FEV1/FVC (0.52, p < 0.01). We conclude that the outcome in elderly COPD patients receiving LTOT is poor, and that outcome is independently influenced by four major factors: malnutrition, severity of dyspnea, coexistence of malignancy, and airflow obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Generation of lipid peroxyl radicals from edible oils and their biological activities: a need for consideration for anti-radical components and purification processing.

Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH or oxidized oils) are known as unfavorable food components. Molecular details of the fate and mechanisms of LOOH to exert adverse effects in vivo are, however, little understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that LOOH generated alkylperoxyl radical (LOO*) after reaction with various heme compounds such as myoglobin, cytochrome c, hemin, hematin, etc., but little formation of other radical species was noticed such as L* or LO*. It was also shown that LOO* thus formed exhibits cytotoxicity and caused DNA damages including strand breakage and abasic site formation. This highly toxic LOO* is effectively scavenged by hot water extracts of vegetable (soup), flavonoids, polyphenols as well as tocopherols. Another important finding is that crude vegetable oils are rich in potent-LOO* scavenging activity, which exhibits potent anti-oxidant activity as well; whereas highly purified oils are scanty in such components and LOO* scavenging activity. These findings imply that a considerate processing in the refining of oils should be needed to retain such potent endogenous anti-oxidative radical scavenging-components.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus: preparation of monoclonal antibody that shows cell tropism in neutralizing activity after viral absorption into the cells.

Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection of feline macro-phages is enhanced by mouse anti-FIPV monoclonal antibody (MAb). This anti-body-dependent enhancement (ADE) of FIPV infection is dependent on mouse MAb subclass, and MAb of IgG2a subclass has a strong ADE activity. Furthermore, MAb showing strong neutralizing activity in Felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells and Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells shows strong enhancing activity in feline macrophages, indicating that the neutralizing epitope and the enhancing epitope are closely related. In this study, we prepared MAb FK50-4 that showed a strong neutralizing activity in feline macrophages, despite the fact that the MAb belonged to the IgG2a subclass. However, MAb FK50-4 did not exhibit neutralizing activity in CrFK cells or fcwf-4 cells, thus showing a very unusual property. MAb FK50-4 recognized FIPV small integral membrane glycoprotein (M protein). Even when feline macrophages were pretreated with MAb FK50-4 prior to FIPV inoculation, this antibody prevented FIPV infection. This reaction disappeared after treatment of FK50-4 with protein A. The neutralizing activity of FK50-4 was also effective on feline macrophages after the cells were inoculated with FIPV. These findings indicated that the FIPV replication mechanism differs between feline macrophages and CrFK/fcwf-4 cells and that a neutralizing epitope that can prevent FIPV infection of feline macrophages after viral absorption is present on M protein.

Absorption↗
PubMed2000

Studies on feline CD8+ T cell non-cytolytic anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity.

CD8+ T cells in FIV-infected cats inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) replication by producing a soluble factor(s). In the present study, four SPF cats were experimentally infected with FIV. The period during which the anti-FIV activity of CD8+ T cells became detectable was investigated, and the presence or absence of this activity in the lymph nodes and spleen was examined. Furthermore, we investigated which step(s) of the FIV replication cycle are affected by this antiviral activity. This antiviral activity became detectable five weeks after FIV infection in early cases, and it was simultaneous with or one week after the induction of humoral immunity. All cats having CD8+ T cells with anti-FIV activity in the peripheral blood also possessed CD8+ T cells with anti-FIV activity in the lymph nodes. In contrast, CD8+ T cells from the spleens of some, but not all cats showed anti-FIV activity. CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured and reconstituted with CD8+ T cells on day 12 of culture after confirming FIV replication. The number of FIV proviral DNA copies in the cells did not change, but the amount of FIV p24 antigen production in the culture supernatant and the number of FIV mRNA copies in the cells decreased. These findings suggested that CD8+ T cell anti-FIV activity acts at the level of FIV mRNA synthesis from the FIV proviral DNA, inhibiting FIV replication by a non-cytolytic mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Bone mineral density and osteo sono assessment index in adolescents.

The standard value for bone mineral density in the distal radius (R-BMD) and the osteo sono assessment index (OSI) in the os calcaneus for each sex and age in teenagers have not yet been fully reported. The R-BMD and OSI of junior and senior high school students were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or by a quantitative ultrasound technique. Subjects measured by DEXA included 635 junior and senior high school students (274 males and 361 females, aged 12-17 years). Ultrasound measurements were made for 2878 subjects (1733 males, 1145 females, aged 12-18 years). All subjects filled out questionnaires about their past history, family history, past and present eating habits, sports activities, and for females, the presence of menses, regularity of menses, and so on. The R-BMD in 15- to 17-year-old males was significantly higher than that in females. The R-BMD rate of increase in males was almost linear; the rate of increase in females was significantly highest from ages 12 to 13, after which R-BMD increased gradually. The OSI in 15- to 18-year-old males was significantly higher than that in females. The OSI rate of increase in males was almost linear from ages 12 to 17. The OSI in females, except in 14-year-olds, was roughly equal at each age. The OSI was significantly higher in those who regularly participated in sports, either currently or in the past. It was significantly higher in those who previously or currently consumed milk on a daily basis compared with those who had consumed little or no milk. To prevent osteoporosis, increasing peak bone mass is very important. Adequate calcium intake from dairy products which are rich in calcium and absorbed easily, and exercise in adolescence, are expected to result in increased bone formation and increased OSI.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

Acquired hypothyroidism in a very young infant with Omenn's syndrome.

A very young male infant with Omenn's syndrome had acquired hypothyroidism that was most likely caused by autoimmune thyroiditis. The hypothyroidism appeared at 3 months of age. These 2 rare conditions have not previously been reported occurring together. This case suggests that autoimmune thyroiditis may be another abnormal finding in Omenn's syndrome.

Follow-Up Studies↗