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Biomedical subjects

K Kemp

Publications and source records attributed to K Kemp.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Red blood cell and plasma fatty acid composition in diabetes mellitus.

Arachidonic acid deficiency and increased linoleic acid levels have been a consistent finding in a variety of tissues in experimental diabetes. To determine if patients with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes show changes in red blood cell and plasma fatty acid composition, a group of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were studied prior to and following treatment with glyburide which substantially improved their diabetic control. Red blood cell and plasma fatty acid composition was compared with that of a group of nondiabetic subjects and to red cell fatty acid composition in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. The diabetic patients had no changes in linoleic or arachidonic acid levels prior to treatment and no changes following glyburide therapy. These studies and the available literature suggest to us that either more severe diabetes is required to produce the fatty acid abnormalities described in the diabetic rat or that there is a fundamental species difference in the mechanism of diabetes or in fatty acid metabolism between the human and the rat which allows the human diabetic to more easily maintain normal tissue fatty acid composition.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1987

Bioavailability of estradiol as a marker for breast cancer risk assessment.

The search for a hormonal marker in breast cancer has centered on estrogens and their metabolites. However, direct measurements of total amounts of these steroids have shown no convincing or consistent differences between normal women and women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to measure the percentages of non-protein-bound estradiol (%NPBE) and of estradiol bound to albumin (%ABE) and the levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) both in women with breast cancer and in those free of disease. Serum was collected and analyzed within 2 weeks, using an isodialysis method. The mean %NPBE and %ABE were significantly higher in 32 women with breast cancer (1.73 and 64.0%, respectively) than in 32 matched disease-free women (1.43 and 48.6%, respectively) (P less than 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the levels of plasma albumin when the above matched groups were compared. However, plasma levels of SHBG were significantly lower in the women with breast cancer than in either the control population or matched controls. In this finding we differ from previous studies which reported no significant differences in the mean plasma levels of SHBG. In our study, the increased %NPBE and %ABE in some patients with breast cancer may be related to a lower level of plasma SHBG; other factors, too, may affect the distribution of estradiol. Our results support the hypothesis than an increase in %NPBE and %ABE or both may indicate an increased risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Obesity, non-protein-bound estradiol levels, and distribution of estradiol in the sera of breast cancer patients.

This study attempted to determine the relationship of nutritional status, menopausal status, presence of breast cancer, stage of disease, and tumor estrogen receptor levels to percent non-protein-bound estradiol (%NPBE) and percent distribution of estradiol on sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin in breast cancer patients and control patients. Normal-weight controls had significantly lower %NPBE compared with overweight controls and normal-weight and overweight breast cancer patients. There was a significant shift in the percent distribution of estradiol from SHBG to albumin in breast cancer patients, independent of body weight. Elevated %NPBE and abnormal percent estradiol distribution on albumin persisted after mastectomy and were unrelated to menopausal status, presence and stage of disease, and tumor estrogen receptor levels. These results show that breast cancer patients have increased exposure to unbound circulating estradiol and an increased percentage of estradiol bound to albumin, which may influence the availability of estradiol, considering its low binding affinity to albumin. Because these abnormalities persist after mastectomy, the current results may be important in developing dietary intervention protocols that correct %NPBE and abnormal estradiol distribution on binding proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Multi-element analysis of the rat hippocampus by proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, lead, bromine, and rubidium).

A technique for multi-element analysis of brain tissue by proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) is described and data from analysis of fixed and unfixed samples from rat hippocampus, neocortex, amygdala, and spinal cord is presented and commented on. The atoms present in the tissue are bombarded with protons which causes the ejection of electrons from the inner shells. When the "holes" are refilled with electrons from outer shells, X-ray quanta characteristic for each element are emitted. Using a high resolution energy dispersive detector a complete X-ray spectrum of the specimen can be recorded in a single measurement. Detection limits less than or approximately 5 p.p.m. of dry matter are obtained for most elements with atomic number greater than 14 (silicon). Around 13 elements were found in concentrations above the detection limits. The grand means for non-fixed hippocampi were e.g. for Zn - 120 p.p.m.; Rb - 20 p.p.m.; Fe - 150 p.p.m.; Pb - 3 p.p.m; Ni - 5 p.p.m.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1977

Medical interpreting for hearing-impaired patients.

Medical interpreting for deaf patients is a new dimension of the medical field. Medical interpreting allows for the fast, accurate, and complete exchange of medical information between medical professionals and their deaf patients. The exchange of accurate medical information is critical to the early diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.

Deafness↗
PubMed1976

Air pollution in copenhagen. Part I. Element analysis and size distribution of aerosols.

Aerosols were monitored in Greater Copenhagen in the period June 1973 to July 1974. Size-fractionated cascade impactor samples and unfractionated filter samples were regularly collected and analyzed by neutron activation analysis, spark emission spectroscopy or proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. Concentrations were determined of the following elements: Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Pb. All elements showed orders-of-magnitude fluctuations; the mean concentrations were roughly the same as in other large cities. In relation to proposed air quality standards, Pb was the most critical component. Statistical analysis of variation patterns, size distributions and interelement correlations indicate that automotive exhaust is the source of Br and Pb; fuel-oil combustion is the main source of V and Ni (and partly of S); soil dust raised by wind or by human activity (e. g. traffic) is the main source of Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does the addition of an oral barium tracer improve the ability of the preliminary abdominal radiograph to assess efficacy of colonic cleansing? A prospective randomized controlled evaluation.

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the ability of preliminary abdominal radiography to assess the adequacy of colonic preparation is improved by the addition of an oral barium tracer to the laxative preparation and the optimal dosage of this tracer. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled evaluation of four parallel groups of adult patients was performed. All patients were scheduled to a receive a double-contrast barium enema at a tertiary care hospital or an outpatient clinic. RESULTS: One hundred nineteen patients were randomized into four groups. There was no significant difference in the ability of plain abdominal radiography to predict the adequacy of the bowel preparation between the control group and the groups given 60 or 150 g of barium tracer. There was an improved correlation between findings of preliminary abdominal radiography and the adequacy of colon preparation between the control group and the group given 240 g of oral barium tracer (67% vs. 90%). CONCLUSION: The use of a large amount (240 g) of oral barium tracer with the colonic preparation improves the ability of preliminary abdominal radiography to predict the adequacy of colonic cleansing.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic findings in congenital anemia, dyserythropoiesis, and dyskeratosis in polled Hereford calves.

Congenital dyserythropoiesis and dyskeratosis occur within certain lines of Polled Hereford cattle. Eighty-nine of 90 alleles in 45 affected calves had a mechanism in which they could be identical by descent from an identified common ancestor. The line allele may have been a recurrence of the mutation, or the mutation may have occurred earlier in the breed's history and been distributed throughout the breed by the extensive use of several ancestors. No evidence of disease has been identified in sire and dams of affected calves, suggesting that the allele is not acting in a dominant or incompletely dominant manner. Even distribution of cases between sexes suggests that the disease is not sex linked or sex influenced. A higher degree of inbreeding in the affected calves and temporal and spatial features that separated individual cases also suggest a genetic cause. Segregation ratios were not significantly different from those of the hypothesized simple autosomal recessive inheritance.

Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and evaluation of an in vivo mouse model for studying myocutaneous flap microcirculation and viability before and after suturing or stapling.

A model was developed in albino hairless mice to study microcirculation and viability of dorsal distally based myocutaneous flaps. The efficacy of this model was tested in 120 mice by evaluating the effects of excessive crimping and tension attributed to Proximate or Signet staples or to simple or mattress nylon sutures. Microhemodynamics were assessed using computer-assisted intravital videomicroscopic and electro-optical methods. Volumetric rates of blood flow were calculated within terminal arterioles from measurements of internal diameter and mean centerline cellular velocity. The viability was determined on day 5 by measuring the areas of necrosis (mm2) along the cut edges of these flaps. In 80 mice, flaps were elevated and examined at 0 h and then again at 24 or 48 h. There were 40 mice in each of these disturbed groups. In a third group of 40 mice, flaps were raised at 0 h without videomicroscopic examination at 0, 24, or 48 h (undisturbed group). All flaps were stapled or sutured to the original donor site with one of the four methods of closure. The results of this study indicate that sutures produce the highest incidence of necrosis at 5 days when compared to staples in the undisturbed groups of mice. However, no significant differences in necrosis were observed when flaps were disturbed at 48 h despite videomicroscopic evidence of depressed blood flow along their cut edges. In contrast, results at 24 h were equivocal and statistically not significant. These data suggest that the phenomenon of delay and/or flap recirculation following removal and reapproximation of sutures or staples drastically improves perfusion and viability of disturbed flaps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗