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Biomedical subjects

K Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to K Kelly.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Studies of blood pressure in schoolchildren (ages 6--19) and their parents in an integrated suburban school district.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with demographic and anthropometric variables were assessed in a biracial group of schoolchildren and parents in an integrated suburban school district: 682 schoolchildren, ages 6--19, including 268 white males, 236 white females, 85 black males and 93 black females; 362 adults, ages 20--64, including 142 white males, 159 white females, 20 black males and 41 black females. There were no significant black-white SBP or DBP differences in children, while SBP and DBP were higher in adult blacks than whites. Using multiple regression analysis, with BP as the dependent variable, SBP in children was significantly associated with pulse, weight, skinfold thickness, age and height; DBP was significantly associated with age, pulse, weight, and skinfold thickness. Race, sex, and education of the head of household did not significantly enter the multiple regression matrix for children's BP. Respectively, 29% and 22% of the variance of the children's SBP and DBP was accounted for by the measured variables. In adults, SBP was significantly related to weight, race, pulse, and age; DBP was significantly related to weight, race, age, and skinfold thickness. Respectively, 27% and 24% of the variance of the adults' SBP and DBP was accounted for by the measured variables. Covariance adjusted mean SBP and DBP were higher in hypertriglyceridemic than in hypotriglyceridemic children (p = 0.001), and were lower in hyperalpha-lipoproteinemic than hypoalpha-lipoproteinemic children (p less than or equal to 0.03). Children in an integrated school district may have shared behaviors, goals, and environments contributing to shared BP, while differing environmental factors may become amplified with age and life experience and contribute to higher BP in black adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Relationships of measurements of body mass to plasma lipoproteins in schoolchildren and adults.

This report focuses upon relationships of body mass indices to plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 1682 children (ages 4--20 years) and 876 of their parents (ages 21--66 years) sampled during the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School District population study, 1973--1975. After an initial sampling of the schoolchildren, two subsets were then recalled, a 15% random sample independent of lipid levels (the random recall group), and a second group, approximately 10% dependent upon lipid levels (the hyperlipidemic recall group). There were no consistent patterns of difference for Quetelet indices and triceps skinfold measurements between black and white children. Hyperlipidemic recall children had higher mean Quetelet indices than random recall children. In children and adults, from both random and hyperlipidemic recall groups, Quetelet index was inversely related to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) and positively related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-VLDL), and triglyceride. The relationship (partial correlation) between Quetelet index and plasma lipoproteins was highly significant after adjusting for age, race, sex, skinfold thickness, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and oral contraceptive intake. In the random and hyperlipidemic recall groups of children, the amounts of variation of C-HDL accounted for by the explanatory variables (as above) were 8% and 18%, respectively, for C-LDL 4% and 7.4%, for C-VLDL 7.2% and 14.4%, and for triglyceride 10.7% and 16.3%. In the random and hyperlipidemic groups of children, the additional amounts of variation of C-HDL accounted for by the addition of Quetelet index to the explanatory variables were 3% and 4.7%, respectively, for C-LDL 3.1% and 1.8%, for C-VLDL 4.2% and 2.4%, and for triglyceride 5.5% and 3.3%. Measures of relative body mass are inversely associated with C-HDL. Although factors which control ponderosity and C-HDL may be independent, and weight loss or gain may not significantly alter C-HDL levels, it is speculated that attempts to maintain ideal body weight or reduce toward ideal body weight may maximize the levels of the anti-atherogenic C-HDL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Clustering and interrelationships of coronary heart disease risk factors in schoolchildren, ages 6-19.

Clustering and interrelationships of common and easily identifiable risk factors in 951 children (ages 6-19) from the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School of District Study were assessed. Several patterns of partial correlation coeffieients appeared after multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, Quetelet index, and race. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was positively correlated with plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, and with saturated fat intake. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) was positively associated with occupation of the head of the household and inversely associated with cigarette smoking and sucrose intake. Using multiple regression equations, from 29-41% of the variance for SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) could be explained by the measured variables, with age, skinfold thickness, Quetelet, occupation, and education of the head of the household recurrently appearing in the regression equatons. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) was the variable for which the lowest amount of variance could be explained in the four race-sex groups. Discriminant function analysis allowed an assessment of interrelationships of C-LDL-C-HDL aggregate groups to other risk factor mean residuals. The variables which contributed significantly to the discrimination between lipoprotein groups were Quetelet index, skinfold thickness, and DBP. Children in the highest C-LHL-lowest C-HDL quintile group had by far the highest residual Quetelet index and skinfold thickness, along with above average SBP, while those in The lowest C-LDL-highest C-HDL quintile group had the lowest residual Quetelet index, skinfold thickness, and SBP. Common risk and anti-risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in children cluster, allowing identification of groups of children putatively at relatively high and low CHD risk as adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Familial hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia in 26 kindreds.

The inheritance of familial hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia was investigated in 161 individuals in 11 black kindreds and 15 white kindreds. After age and sex adjustment, the distribution of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (C-HDL) in the relatives of probands was examined for evidence of bimodality. In whites, bimodality appeared to be present, with one mode at about 46 mg/dl and the other at about 69 mg/dl. In blacks, there was little convincing evidence of bimodality. In the white kindreds, it appeared that one factor with a relatively large effect is causing the familial aggregation of high C-HDL levels; this factor could be a major gene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Conversion of atrial flutter: rapid atrial pacing as a bedside technique.

Eleven patients with atrial flutter underwent intracardiac right atrial pacing at bedside in an attempt to terminate this dysrhythmia. Nine of the eleven patients were converted to sinus rhythm; the remaining two patients were converted to atrial fibrillation with a slower ventricular rate. There were no complications. The potential hazards of direct current cardioversion (anesthesia, fractures, muscle strain, myocardial injury, etc.) were avoided. In contrast to rapid atrial pacing in the electrophysiology laboratory, the bedside technique did not require a special laboratory setting, electronic or x-ray equipment, or technical personnel. Transportation of critically ill patients was obviated. Atrial flutter can be converted at the bedside to a more favorable rhythm; the expediency, safety, and low cost of this bedside cardioversion technique not only makes it feasible, but also it is often the procedure of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of cervicovaginal antibody in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infection in women.

Introital colonization with Enterobacteriaceae is considered to be one of the principal predisposing factors to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in adult females. One proposed mechanism allowing introital colonization in these patients is the absence of local cervicovaginal antibody. To test this hypothesis, we examined cervicovaginal washings from 22 patients with a history of recurrent UTI and 29 normal controls with no history of UTI for specific local antibody by using indirect immunofluorescence. No significant difference in antibody was found in these populations. Fourteen percent (3/22) of the patients had antibody to their introital Escherichia coli and 34% (10/29) of the controls had antibody to their fecal E. coli. Consequently, a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique was developed to detect cervicovaginal antibody. A solid phase was prepared by coupling to Sepharose 4B a pool of eight serogroups of E. coli which are frequently implicated in UTI. Serial dilutions of cervicovaginal washings were reacted with the solid phase, and the absorbed anti-E. coli antibodies were detected by the uptake of (125)I-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) or anti-human IgA. The antibody levels were quantitated by interpolation on a standard curve prepared by using immunospecifically purified human anti-E. coli antibodies. IgG and IgA levels were measured in washings from 10 colonized patients, 13 non-colonized patients, and 12 controls. There were no significant differences in IgG and IgA levels in cervicovaginal washings among the three groups. In these studies, introital colonization was not related to cervicovaginal antibody.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunoassay for human growth hormone using monoclonal antibodies.

Radioimmunoassay (RIA's) for human growth hormone (hGH) employing monoclonal antibodies (Mab) were compared with a conventional clinical RIA using polyclonal antibodies (PAb). Several MAb displayed sensitivities (defined as the concentration of hormone required for 50% inhibition of binding of 125I-hGH) for hGH in the RIA which were equivalent to those of PAb. Those MAb with the greatest sensitivity for hGH displayed an equal affinity for human placental lactogen (hPL), whereas those with lower sensitivity for hGH, cross-reacted minimally with hPL. The concentrations of hGH in human serum samples were determined with MAb and the values showed a high degree of correlation with those obtained by PAb. It is therefore concluded that MAb are useful for the development of clinical RIA's for polypeptide hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Interrelationships between nutrient intake and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in schoolchildren aged 6 to 19: the Princeton School District Study.

Relationships between nutrient intakes and plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 1,669 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 19 years; 948 were selected by random recall and 721 because of elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride (hyperlipidemic recall). Nutrient intake data was collected by using a 24-hour dietary recall. Median dietary cholesterol intakes for 6 to 9-year-old boys and girls in the random recall group were 222 and 230 mg/day, with polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios of 0.34 and 0.33. For boys and girls, aged 10 to 12 years, median dietary cholesterol intakes were 296 and 235 mg/day, for 13 to 15 year olds, 343 and 237, and for 16 to 19 year olds, 418 and 221 mg/day. The dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios did not change appreciably with age. Partial correlation coefficients describing relationships between lipids, lipoproteins, and nutrients after adjustment for age, sex, race, and Quetelet index (W/H2) were calculated for all children (random and hyperlipidemic recall) after excluding children having plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and calories less than or equal to the first or greater than or equal to the 99th percentiles for the random recall children. Plasma cholesterol was inversely and triglyceride positively correlated with dietary sucrose. Plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely and triglyceride positively correlated with the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio, total carbohydrate, and sugar. Potential relationships between nutrients and lipids-lipoproteins were also examined in children having low (first to tenth percentile), intermediate (45th to 55th percentile), and high (90th to 99th percentile) nutrient intake, after covariance adjustment for age, race, sex, and Quetelet index. Total plasma cholesterol fell as sucrose intake increased. Triglyceride rose along with caloric intake, total carbohydrate intake, and sucrose intake, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell with increasing caloric and sucrose intake. As dietary polyunsaturate ingestion rose from low to intermediate to high, plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Nutrient intake may play a small but significant role relative to lipids and lipoproteins in children and, as such, may have importance relative to pediatric precursors of atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and oral contraceptives: relationships to lipids and lipoproteins in adolescent school-children.

The effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and oral contraceptives on plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) were assessed in 965 12--19-year-old school-children in the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton school survey. After pair matching for age, sex, race, and total plasma cholesterol, adolescent children who smoked had mean C-HDL 6.1 mg/dl lower, and mean C-LDL 4.1 mg/dl higher, than nonsmokers (p less than 0.01). These findings for C-HDL were replicated by covariance analysis, adjusting for age, race, sex, alcohol intake, and triglyceride levels. Adolescents who drank alcohol had higher C-HDL and triglyceride levels and lower C-LDL than nondrinkers, but the differences were not significant. Adolescent females taking oral contraceptives had higher triglyceride, C-HDL, and C-LDL levels than matched controls, but the differences were not significant. If a portion of smoking's contribution to coronary heart disease risk is mediated through its inverse association with C-HDL, and if smoking habits initiated in adolescence continue into adulthood, this report provides additional physiologic data relevant to programs designed to prevent, reduce, or stop cigarette smoking in the adolescent years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Oxidative metabolites of [2-14C]propylthiouracil in rat thyroid.

The identities and relative amounts of the major metabolites in rat thyroids 6 h after the administration of [14C]propylthiouracil ([14C]PTU) have been investigated. Rat thyroid extracts were chromatographed on columns of Bio-Gel P-2 and DEAE-Sephadex and in various thin layer chromatography systems. The extracts contained protein-bound PTU metabolites; an unknown peak 3; peak 1, which was chromatographically similar to PTU--SO2H; peak 2, which was similar to PTU--SO3H; PTU; and small amounts of 6-n-propyluracil (PU). The major metabolites were isolated and purified by column chromatograpy. On the basis of chromatographic properties identical to cochromatographed standards in seven different systems and the products formed after treatment with various reagents, peak 1 was identified as PTU-SO2H and peak 2 as PTU--SO3H. Peak 3 was seen only on Bio-Gel P-2 columns, was very unstable, and was not similar to any known PTU standard. The properties of this compound suggest that it may be a thiolsulfonic ester (formula:see text), but the data are insufficient for positive identification. Approximately 85% of the radioactivity in the protein peak was bound to thyroglobulin. HCl converted 86.5% of the protein-bound radioactivity to PU, and H2S converted 91% to PTU, indicating that an oxidized S was involved in the linkage to protein. Dithiothreitol released 23.6% of the protein-bound radioactivity as PTU, and mercaptoethanol released 32.5%, indicating that 25-35% of the PTU is bound in disulfide linkage. Approximately 50% of the radioactivity released by mercaptoethanol was S-ethanol PTU, which suggests a PTU-protein bond similar to a thiolsulfonic ester. Quantitation of the metabolites revealed that protein-bound metabolites accounted for 21-29% of the total radioactivity, unknown peak 3 accounted for 7.1%, PTU--SO2H for 48-50%, PTU--SO3H for 8-10%, and PTU for 10.7-16.5%. Only traces of PU were observed. The data demonstrate that PTU--SO2H is the major PTU metabolite in rat thyroid and must be the compound X observed by other investigators and that all metabolites identified are oxidative products of PTU. These findings support the earlier conclusion of Taurog and Riesco that protein binding of PTU occurs as a consequence of oxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of a bacterial component in the mitogenic properties of polyribonucleotides on murine B lymphocytes.

The mitogenic response of C3H/HeJ mice to the B cell mitogens, poly C and poly I, is approximately one-half the response measured in various LPS-responder strains. C3H/HeJ mice respond normally to poly I:C, the heteroduplex polymer. The low responder phenotype of C3H/HeJ mice to poly C and poly I is shown by an analysis of (C3H/HeJ x C57BL/6J-By-Ps)F1 X C3H/HeJ backcross progeny to result from a gene locus that is closely linked or identical to the defective LPS response locus expressed by the C3H/HeJ strain. The entire mitogenic activity in poly C preparations and most of the mitogenic activity in poly I preparations is insensitive to ribonuclease degradation. Hot aqueous phenol extraction of the polynucleotides separates the majority of the mitogenic activity that is soluble in the combined interface and phenol phase fraction from the aqueous soluble polynucleotides. The ribonuclease-insensitive, phenolsoluble contaminant elicits a reduced response in C3H/HeJ mice as compared to an LPS responder strain. We conclude that 1) poly C has no inherent mitogenic activity; 2) poly I preparations contain both ribonucleasesensitive and insensitive mitogenic activities; 3) the ribonuclease-resistant mitogenic activity in polynucleotide preparations has properties unlike those of LPS or lipid A; and 4) the product of LPS response gene has an effect upon the mitogenic stimulation of spleen cells by the contaminant.

Animals↗