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K Kayser

Publications and source records attributed to K Kayser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A relational perspective of women coping with cancer: a preliminary study.

To understand fully how a woman copes with cancer, researchers must examine the relational context in which a woman lives, copes, and meets the demands of a life-threatening illness. This paper presents preliminary findings of a study involving thirty-four mothers who have cancer. Survey methods involving a questionnaire were used to look at the relationship of the factors of mutuality, silencing the self schemas, and relationship-focused coping to the psychosocial adaptation to cancer. The findings indicated a significant correlation between silencing the self schemas and health care behaviors. Correlations between mutuality and quality of life approached statistical significance. Based on these findings, suggestions for social work practice with cancer patients and their families are made.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Preneoplasia-associated expression of calcyclin and of binding sites for synthetic blood group A/H trisaccharide--exposing neoglycoconjugates in human lung.

Development of preneoplastic lesions in human lung is supposed to be accompanied with alterations of distinct biochemical features which might functionally be crucial for this alteration. To contribute to the definition of such determinants in peripheral lung parenchyma, the files of the Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik, (a total of 2890 cases) were screened for respective tissue specimens. Seventy one cases with complete clinical documentation were found and an age-, sex-, and disease-matched control group was formed. When compared to control group patients, especially the tumor free cases with preneoplastic aberrations revealed a history of exposure to external noxes. Several probes with assumed relevance were tested with the panel of specimens for both groups, focussing on comparative analysis of alveolar lining cells. In addition to labelled neoglycoconjugates which include tissue lectin-seeking probes that expose mono-, di- and blood group-related trisaccharides, presence of calcium- and annexin-binding calcyclin, of complement component C5b, of the lymphokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and of ligands of the serum amyloid P component was evaluated. Compared to normal cells at the alveolar surface in controls, the preneoplastic cells displayed an apparent down-regulation of expression of A/H-trisaccharide-specific binding sites and an upregulation of expression of calcyclin. These three characteristics correlated with the phenotypic alterations and encourage further studies to elucidate the functional significance of reduced expression of the glycoligand-specific sites and the presence of this member of the S100-family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Expression of CD44 splice variants in normal respiratory epithelium and bronchial carcinomas: no evidence for altered CD44 splicing in metastasis.

Expression of alternatively spliced CD44 adhesion molecules has been implicated in metastatic spread of various rodent and human tumors. To determine whether specific CD44 splice variants contribute to metastatic spread of bronchial cancers, we compared the expression of CD44 splice variants in normal bronchial epithelium and bronchial cancers, including tumors which already spread to regional lymph nodes or distant organs. Variant CD44 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry using variant exon-specific monoclonal antibodies. The precise composition of CD44 transcripts was delineated by exon-specific RT-PCR. The concurring data obtained by both methods revealed that high levels of standard CD44 and variants v5 and v6 as well as low levels of variants v7 and v10 are expressed both in normal bronchial epithelium and squamous cell lung cancers. No CD44 expression was observed in the highly metastatic small cell lung cancers and adenocarcinomas with the exception of bronchioalveolar cancers showing weak expression of standard CD44. These data suggest that expression of alternatively spliced CD44 molecules in the bronchial tract is related to the distinct differentiation of the respiratory epithelium. No correlation between expression of specific CD44 splice variants and metastasis of bronchial cancers was observed.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1996

HMGI-C rearrangements as the molecular basis for the majority of pulmonary chondroid hamartomas: a survey of 30 tumors.

Pulmonary chondroid hamartomas (PCH) are benign tumors of the lung characterized by a more or less high degree of mesenchymal metaplasia. In our series we investigated 30 PCH by a combination of cytogenetic and molecular methods. 18 tumors (60%) had cytogenetically detectable aberrations involving either 12q14-15 or 6p21 with a clear predominance of chromosomal abnormalities involving 12q14-15 (15 tumors). As in subgroups of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands, leiomyomas of the uterus, and lipomas with 12q14-15 abnormalities the HMGI-C gene is frequently rearranged we tested PCH with either 12q14-15 abnormalities or normal karyotype by FISH and 3' RACE experiments for rearrangements of HMGI-C. Rearrangements were found in all cases with chromosomal 12q14-15 abnormalities and further six cases with an apparently normal karyotype. By the combination of cytogenetics with molecular techniques the percentage of cases with intragenic rearrangements of HMGI-C or rearrangements of its immediate surrounding was thus increased to 70% (21/30 cases). Considering all types of aberrations within this series 80% (24/30) of all PCH were aberrant. This is the first report on a combined molecular and cytogenetic analysis of a large series of pulmonary chondroid hamartomas indicating that rearrangements of HMGI-C, a member of the high mobility group protein gene family, are the leading molecular events in the genesis of PCH.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Carcinoid tumors of the lung: immuno- and ligandohistochemistry, analysis of integrated optical density, syntactic structure analysis, clinical data, and prognosis of patients treated surgically.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of potentially prognostic relevant factors of carcinoid tumors of the lung. METHODS: Clinical features, tumor size, and features derived from immuno- and ligandohistochemistry, cytometry and histometry, and survival have been analyzed in 82 potentially curatively resected carcinoid tumors of the lung. RESULTS: Patients with typical carcinoid tumors had a longer history of symptoms (13 vs. 8 months), fewer smoked (30% vs. 80%), and developed less frequently lymph node metastases (20% vs. 65%) compared to patients with atypical carcinoids. Statistically significant differences between both cell types have been observed in cytometric and histometric features, and binding of Lewis A trisaccharide (Lea). Prognosis is associated with the cell type, presence of lymph node metastases and heparin-binding lectin (HBL), certain cytometric and structural features, and binding of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (beta-GalNAc). CONCLUSIONS: Complete lymph node dissection is necessary, data of cytometry, histometry, and ligandohistochemistry might eventually predict the course of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Binding capacities of two immunomodulatory lectins, carrier-immobilized glycoligands and steroid hormones in lung cancer and the concentration of nitrite/nitrate in pleural effusions.

Combined analysis of the binding properties of inflammatory and tumor cells in pleural effusion, and tumor imprints for various carrier-immobilized types of ligands and lectins, and of a biochemical feature of the effusions is performed to extend the characterization of these cells and their activity. In detail, the binding of Viscum album agglutinin (VAA), Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA), and of carrier-immobilized N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), lysoganglioside GM1, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and hydrocortisone to native specimens consisting of 46 tumor imprints from surgically treated patients with lung cancer and 74 smears of pleural effusion (PE) cells from cancer or non-cancer patients was studied using fluorescence microscopy with Texas red-labeled streptavidin. Among the tested ligands, VAA was found to provide the most effective staining of cells (60-78.1% of positive cases). When compared with inflammatory cells from PE, cancer cells were seen to bind more frequently only two ligands, namely UDA and estradiol. Significant (P < 0.001) difference between patients with bronchial carcinoma and non-cancer patients were found, when the content of NO2-/NO3- in PE fluids was measured. Whereas the level of NO2-/NO3- in PE of non-cancer patients was 12.6 +/- 10.7 microM (n = 12), it was 37.7 +/- 19.4 microM (n = 14) in cancer patients without pleural metastases and 37.5 +/- 16.0 microM (n = 26) in patients with pleural metastases. The level of NO2-/NO3- in PE appeared to correlate with extent of staining with GM1 and GlcNAc: in non-cancer patient groups it was significantly higher (P = 0.032) for negative subjects than those binding the ligand GlcNAc, whereas in the patient group with adenocarcinoma it was significantly lower (P = 0.032) for patients without binding capacities for GlcNAc and GM1. The results obtained suggest that the combined analysis of increased levels of NO2-/NO3- in PE and of glycohistochemical properties of cancer and inflammatory cells may be useful in exploring the interrelationship of functionally important cellular characteristics.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1996

Cytometry with DAPI-stained tumor imprints. A reliable tool for improved intraoperative analysis of lung neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and potential use of application of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride-stained imprints taken from primary lung carcinomas for intraoperative frozen section service. STUDY DESIGN: Tumor imprints taken from intraoperative sections were stained with the fluorochrome DAPI, and the integrated nuclear fluorescence (INF) was measured using an automated image analyzing system. The 40 cases studied comprised all major lung carcinoma types as well as intrapulmonary metastases. The measured features included percentage of tumor cells > 3C and > 5C, S-phase-related tumor cell fraction, 2 CV standard deviation and INF entropy. RESULTS: Test series with imprints of tumor-free lymph nodes revealed a minimum staining time of five minutes at 40 degrees C that led to reproducible staining intensities and size of the nuclear area. No significant differences were apparent in comparison to concomitantly performed measurements of the integrated optical density of "classical" Feulgen-stained specimens for each case. The fluorometric results could be submitted to the surgeon with 15-18 minutes (20 maximum). CONCLUSION: The data indicate that cytometric DNA measurements can be performed intraoperatively with reliable quality within time schedules acceptable for intraoperative surgical strategies.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1996

Application of attributed graphs in diagnostic pathology.

OBJECTIVE: To compute attributed graphs based upon calculation of the minimum spanning tree (MST) for various applications in diagnostic lung pathology. STUDY DESIGN: The study design included assistance in histologic diagnosis, confirmation of the diagnosis in single cases, measurement of texture alterations after induction chemotherapy, estimation of prognosis of operated-on lung cancer patients and analysis of lung cancer cells in association with differentiation markers. The histologic slides were Feulgen stained, and features of the integrated optical density (IOD) were associated with the nodes of the MST. The same procedure was applied to immunohistochemically and ligand histochemically stained slides by calculation of the mean staining intensity of the cytoplasm of tumor cells. A measure for structural entropy was introduced by computing the relative differences in distance and IOD between neighboring tumor cells in a 1/r2 field of force. In addition, the current of entropy was computed. RESULTS: Structural entropy reflects alterations in regular textures; the current of entropy is an especially good prognostic parameter in lung cancer. In immunochemistry and ligand histochemistry, construction of the attributed MST permits detailed insight into locally different staining behavior of tumor cells and immunocompetent cells. CONCLUSION: Attributed graphs contain important information that can be used for the estimation of survival or for confirmation of diagnostic entities, such as tumor cell types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Telemedicine].

Telemedicine includes all medical activities in diagnosis, therapeutics or social medicine undertaken by means of an electronic transfer medium, thereby enabling the transmission of visual and acoustic information in these fields over long distances without the doctor being personally present at the requested consultation. Most experience in telemedicine has been gathered in diagnosis, especially with respect to teleradiology and telepathology; however, an increasing number of institutions have obtained experience in teledermatology, telepsychiatry, telecardiology, telesurgery, etc. The quality of the transmitted images is adequate for diagnostic application. However, the transfer rates of normal telephone lines are not satisfactory and these telephone nets will be replaced by ISDN and broad band or satellite connections in the near future. The lack of uniform transfer standards is the most important constraint in telepathology. This fact is one explanation for the fast growth of the Internet, which is based on unified transmission standards. The rapid expansion of telemedicine is inevitable and the increased use of this tool will induce profound changes in the medico-social environment. There is a fear of institutional concentration, at the expense of small institutions. This development can be minimised by augmenting the scope to encompass telemedicine in all interdisciplinary fields, with the consequent full integration of small institutions. Telemedicine is an appropriate technique for quality assurance in all areas of medicine, since it permits simultaneous "soft" quality control, in conjunction with assumption of co-responsibility by the control institution.

Austria↗
PubMed1995

Carbohydrate-binding proteins (plant/human lectins and autoantibodies from human serum) as mediators of release of lysozyme, elastase, and myeloperoxidase from human neutrophils.

Analysis of cell surface glycosylation not only provides information about cell properties such as their state of differentiation or histogenetic lineage. The carbohydrate chains also provide potentially functional binding sites to endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins. This interaction can elicit consequent signalling processes. Because of the importance of neutrophils in the host defence system, we monitored the effect of the binding of such sugar receptors to their cell surface on the release of the enzymatic activities of lysozyme, elastase, and myeloperoxidase. Besides the mannose-binding lectin concanavalin A and the immunomodulatory alpha/beta-galactoside-binding lectin from Viscum album L., three preparations of human sugar receptors - beta-galactoside-binding lectin (M(r) 14 kDa) and two affinity-purified polyclonal IgG fractions from serum with the capacity to recognize alpha- or beta-galactosides, respectively - were used. Two animal lectins from chicken liver and intestine that bind beta-galactosides, as well as the lectin-like human serum amyloid P component, were included in order to assess the importance of slight differences in ligand recognition. Cytochalasin B-enhanced enzyme release was invariably seen with the two plant lectins and the chicken liver beta-galactoside-binding lectin, but the related intestinal lectin did not increase enzyme release. The mammalian homologue of these avian lectins triggered lysozyme secretion, and the lactoside-binding IgG fraction enhanced the amount of extracellular elastase activity slightly but significantly. Thus, the actual lectin, not the nominal specificity of sugar receptors, is crucial for elucidation of responses. Due to the highly stimulatory activity of the two plant lectins, neutrophils from patients with non-cancerous diseases and from patients with lung cancer were monitored for the extent of lectin-mediated enzyme release. Only the concanavalin A-mediated reactivity of the neutrophils was associated with the type of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Necrotizing bronchitis, angiitis, and amyloidosis associated with chronic Q fever.

The authors report the clinical, radiological and histological findings in a 63-year-old male patient who developed severe necrotizing bronchitis, necrotizing angiitis, and secondary amyloidosis of the right upper love and intermediate bronchus. The patient expired due to respiratory insufficiency. At the age of 27 years, the patient had had radiotherapy of the mediastinum because of suspected Hodgkin's disease. Acute pneumonia suggestive of Q-fever infection was diagnosed at the age of 48. Progressive restrictive lung disease developed during the last decade. Serological evaluation revealed IgM and IgA high titers against Coxiella burnetii. IgA, complement and amyloid deposits were detected in the walls of small arteries. Bronchial lavage and pleural effusions displayed numerous activated T lymphocytes. Analysis of endogenous lectins revealed alterations of the pulmonary defense system. The clinical history, histological and immunological findings suggest that chronic Q fever may induce remarkable changes in the immune system, comparable to autoimmune-reactive diseases.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1995

Distinct expression patterns of CD44 isoforms during human lung development and in pulmonary fibrosis.

The transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 represents a family of molecules, all encoded by one gene. The variability of the isoforms is generated by alternative splicing of the nuclear RNA. Apart from the abundant standard form (CD44s), the variant isoforms (CD44v) are mostly restricted to epithelia. The present study demonstrates the expression of CD44s and CD44v isoforms in embryonic and fetal lungs and in normal and pathologically altered (pulmonary fibrosis after radio- or chemotherapy) human adult pulmonary tissues. Using double immunofluorescence and avidin biotin complex (ABC) techniques on paraffin sections, presence of CD44s and CD44v isoforms (CD44v4, CD44v6, CD44v9) has been analyzed. In normal lung tissue, CD44s is present at the cell surface of alveolar macrophages, in some interstitial cells and in epithelial cells. It is also present in epithelial and non-epithelial cells during lung development. CD44v isoforms containing exon v6 and v9 encoded epitopes are selectively detectable in normal epithelial cells with a strong basolateral distribution pattern in the entire population of type II pneumocytes and in basal cells of the bronchial epithelium. During development exon v9 encoded isoforms appear at the pseudoglandular stage, whereas CD44v6 has only been found at the saccular stage. Examination of 12 fibrotic lung samples has revealed major alterations in the CD44 expression in comparison to normal lung tissue. These changes include cytoplasmic deposits of CD44s in alveolar epithelial cells and reduced expression of the CD44v6 and CD44v9 isoforms in alveolar epithelial and bronchial epithelial cells. The results suggest that CD44v isoforms may be utilized by type II pneumocytes in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and in the maintenance of the pulmonary histoarchitecture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of lectin, interleukin-2 and histopathologic blood group binding sites in prostate cancer and its correlation with integrated optical density and syntactic structure analysis.

The binding of several biotinylated biologic probes was determined in sections of 20 surgical specimens of prostate cancer and of 21 biopsy specimens of hyperplastic prostate. Whereas neither the immunomodulatory, galactoside-specific lectin from Viscum album nor the human beta-galactoside-specific lectin (M(r) 14 kd) or its specific antibody discerned any remarkable differences, the lectin from Urtica dioica (UDA) and interleukin-2, the in vitro production of which is enhanced by this lectin, exhibited obvious preference for hyperplastic cells. In addition, the presence of binding sites for chemically synthesized blood group determinants was tested. Carcinoma cases revealed a higher percentage of binding of synthetic blood group trisaccharide H than hyperplasia cases. Due to these differences, diverse parameters, derived from measurement of integrated optical density (IOD) and from syntactic structure analysis, were correlated with the extent of binding of these biologic probes for the tumor cases. Primarily, parameters that are related to computation of a minimum spanning tree were significantly different in positive and negative cases for both UDA and interleukin-2. For the binding of blood group trisaccharide H the 5C exceeding rate, the 2CV deviation index and the distance of neighboring tumor cells with an IOD > 5 were clearly dissimilar. Our results thus suggest an extension of the panel of biologic probes for prostate cancer and substantiate the usefulness of correlations of binding of selected biologic probes to features derived from the assessment of IOD and syntactic structure analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Expert consultation by use of telepathology--the Heidelberg experiences.

The benefits and constraint using visual telecommunication in pathology (telepathology) are described based upon the experiences of the authors for more than 4 years. The experiences include first trials in visual telecommunication to analyze image quality, transfer rates, handling of commercially available equipment, and need for routinely diagnostic work followed by routinely expert consultations in frozen sections. A quality control study on diagnostic reliability of bronchial carcinomas was performed later, and the diagnosticly different cases were reclassified by a panel of pathologists using visual telecommunication. The latest experiences are based upon routinely expert consultations in morphologically difficult cases by ISDN-based telecommunication. As a result, image quality and transfer rates are sufficient to permit efficient expert contribution to diagnostically difficult cases in 30-50% of transmitted cases in both common telephone lines and ISDN connections. No influence of various staining procedures, immunohistology, or in situ hybridization on image quality or transfer rates were observed. The area of transmitted images is still too small, and the reliability of ISDN lines is still not sufficient for remote control service in Germany. The handling of commercially available equipment needs to be improved; however, as a general result, telepathology will probably improve the diagnostic quality and access in histopathology within the coming years.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1995

Telepathology in Europe. Its practical use.

Progress in pathology is related to application of new biological techniques and impact of electronic devices affecting transfer of information and images. The increase of specification of all kinds of disease classification induces a specific need for data exchange and expert consultation. The momentary technical situation in communication lines connected with medical fields, especially pathology is characterized by parallel operation of two basically different communication systems, namely a) systems based upon computerized data exchange (E-mail, etc.), and b) systems working at public access, i.e. telephone lines and their successors (digitized network, satellite system). Practical use in telecommunication in pathology has been gathered nearly exclusively by use of the second (public) system, and includes intraoperative classification of histological images (frozen sections), expert consultations, panel discussions, quantitative measurements, and access to image data bank systems. The use of remote control microscopes has been reported to work without major errors from Norway and Switzerland. In Norway, images and diagnostic informations are transferred by use of broad band networks (satellite communication), whereas in Switzerland the digitized network ISDN is used. The experiences show clearly that remote control microscopes are practicable and reliable tools for daily diagnostic work of pathologists, and that the quality of the transferred images is sufficient to allow sophisticated diagnoses. Expert consultations are routinely performed by use of the common telephone network in lung pathology, and can not be underestimated in their impact on the daily work. Accuracy of diagnosis, quality of staining and tissue handling, and reliability of diagnosis are automatically improved besides the positive legal aspects.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Aspects of telepathology in routinary diagnostic work with specific emphasis on ISDN.

Histopathological diagnosis is based upon visual information and additional clinical and environmental factors. Information can be transmitted over long distances in real time without difficulties. Thus, telecommunication is a technique which may be used in pathology. Several approaches have been performed to introduce telepathology into the daily work of pathologists. Histopathological images of intraoperative sections were transmitted between the Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik, and the Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Baumgärtner Höhe, Vienna. The transfer time of one image lasted 1-2 minutes depending upon the time of the day; i.e. during telephone "rush" hours the transmission time increased from 1.1 min to more than 2.4 min. As an average, 2 different sections of the image at usually 2 different magnifications were transmitted. Parallel discussion of the images, and acoustic assistance in diagnostic classification or advice lasted for an additional average 3 min. A substantial assistance in the intraoperative classification of the diseases was achieved in 35-40% of cases. No breakdown of telephone lines or communication was observed, while this was the case for the telepathology trials performed by ISDN between the Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik and the Department of Pathology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart. These trials included expert consultation of difficult paraffin embedded cases of various lung diseases. The transmission time of 1 image lasted an average 10 sec was the transfer of non average 4-6 images of the same case was required for substantial assistance in diagnostic classification. The value of the diagnostic assistance was confirmed by submission of the corresponding slides to the partner after termination of the telepathology conference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

France↗