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Biomedical subjects

K Kawakatsu

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawakatsu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Comparison of combined operation and nasal CPAP treatments for sleep disorders].

UNLABELLED: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and nasal CPAP are used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in different institutions. Although OSAS results from an abnormality in the soft-palate, almost no reports have been made on the selection of UPPP or nasal CPAP procedures according to the type of abnormality. The most probable reason for this is that a comparison of treatment methods in individuals cases is difficult. We performed CPAP titration before and after operations, and compared the treatment methods, and evaluated the medical therapy. METHOD: A sleep polygraph was performed on the first night, and cases diagnosed as OSAS received CPAP titration on the second night. The blocked region was identified by endoscopic examination. The results of the operation were evaluated after 1-2 months, and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) improvements of less than 50% received a second CPAP titration. RESULTS: The operation results were poor for cases where endoscopic examination showed full-circumference palatal type, and good for soft palate and tonsillar type abnormalities. When endoscopic examinations were performed in conjunction with nasal CPAP, the treatment was observed to act on the soft palate and expand the air way in all cases. Nasal CPAP was effective in cases with full-circumference palatal abnormalities because in these cases, the pressure was caused by inflamma. Combined medical treatments were effective in cases where CPAP alone was ineffective because the pressure was too high.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The additive effect of theophylline on a high-dose combination of inhaled salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable COPD.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the additive effect of oral theophylline in patients with stable COPD who received both inhaled salbutamol, 400 micrograms, and ipratropium bromide, 80 micrograms, four times daily administered with a metered-dose inhaler. DESIGN: Twenty-four male patients with stable COPD (FEV1, 0.96 +/- 0.43 L; 36.8 +/- 17.0 percent predicted [% pred]) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with oral theophylline for 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The average serum theophylline level was 15.0 +/- 5.5 micrograms/mL during treatment. On the whole, without inhalation of bronchodilators, FEV1 was 0.93 +/- 0.42 L during the placebo period and 1.00 +/- 0.43 L (significantly different from placebo; p < 0.01) during the theophylline period. At 15 and 60 min after inhalation of salbutamol, 400 micrograms, and ipratropium, 80 micrograms, the FEV1 with placebo was 1.12 +/- 0.43 L and 1.14 +/- 0.46 L, respectively, and the FEV1 with theophylline was 1.18 +/- 0.45 L (p < 0.01) and 1.20 +/- 0.47 L (p < 0.01), respectively. Daily peak expiratory flow rate also improved. Daily symptom scores were not significantly different between theophylline and placebo periods. Nevertheless, eight patients reported a subjective benefit during the theophylline administration period, and they were thus considered subjective responders. While FEV1 after inhalation was significantly improved during the theophylline periods in subjective responders (change in FEV1 between theophylline and placebo treatment 15 min after inhalation, 3.1 %pred; 60 min, 3.5 %pred), postbronchodilator FEV1 was not significantly different between the placebo and theophylline periods in subjective nonresponders (15 min, 1.7 %pred; 60 min, 1.6 %pred). CONCLUSIONS: On the whole, theophylline has a small bronchodilating effect but does not improve the symptoms of patients with stable COPD. However, one third of patients with COPD may respond subjectively to theophylline. The additive bronchodilating effect of theophylline may be related to the symptomatic improvement in subjective responders.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Predictive performance of the Bayesian analysis: effects of blood sampling time, population parameters, and pharmacostatistical model.

The present paper reports theoretical equations for the predictive performance of the Bayesian forecasting method. The precision of parameter estimates and predicted concentrations for an individual was described by general equations with the aid of a variance-covariance matrix of parameter estimates that involved the Bayes theorem. The equations were applied to assess the predictive performance of the one-point Bayesian method in association with blood sampling time, the population parameters, and the pharmacostatistical model. The simulation study showed that the prediction error in parameter estimates essentially depended upon the sampling time but the magnitude of dependency was affected by the size of inter- and intraindividual variances. With a smaller value of interindividual variance, the dependency on sampling time was less apparent. Effects of sampling time were further examined using clinical data obtained from 20 patients taking theophylline, and the results were in good agreement with the theoretical consideration. The present general equations are useful to investigate the sampling strategy as well as structural and variance modeling on the predictive performance of the Bayesian method.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Population pharmacokinetics of theophylline. II: Intravenous infusion to patients with stable chronic airway obstruction.

The population pharmacokinetics of theophylline were studied in 55 patients with stable chronic airway obstruction. Two hundred and seventy six theophylline serum concentrations after intravenous short infusion were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effect model. The influence of hepatic dysfunction, smoking habit, age and the measurement of arterial blood gases (oxygen tension: PaO2, carbon dioxide tension: PaCO2, blood pH) and clinical laboratory tests (serum albumin concentration, haematocrit) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline was examined by the likelihood ratio test. Assessment of each factor was made by a forward selection method. In the final regression model, the total body clearance (CL, l/h/kg) was related to the value of PaCO2 as well as to the presence of hepatic dysfunction, and the volume of distribution (Vd, l/kg) was related with the PaCO2 value as expressed in the following equations: CL = exp(-3.78 - 0.525.HF + 0.0233.PaCO2) and Vd = exp(-1.12 + 0.00934.PaCO2), where HF is a categorical variable with a value of unity if a patient has hepatic dysfunction otherwise zero. The interactions among blood gas measurements were observed and the CL and Vd of theophylline would be inversely correlated with PaO2 or pH, if we selected PaO2 or blood pH to be a more important factor than PaCO2. The inter-individual variabilities in CL and Vd were 38.5% and 12.5%, respectively, and the residual variability in theophylline serum concentrations was 10.6% as a coefficient of variation. This final model and the population parameters of theophylline will be useful for individualization of a drug dosage regimen by means of the Bayesian method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of ozagrel (OKY-046), a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on theophylline pharmacokinetics in asthmatic patients.

The effect of ozagrel (OKY-046), a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, on theophylline disposition was studied in 12 asthmatic patients. Ozagrel was administered at a dose of 200 mg twice daily for 24 weeks to 4 outpatients receiving oral theophylline medication. Blood samples were drawn from each patient visiting the hospital at one to four-week intervals. There were no clinical significant changes between the time course profiles of serum theophylline concentration during the treatment and those after the cessation of ozagrel dosing. In addition, another 8 hospitalized patients received a single intravenous infusion of aminophylline (200 mg as theophylline) before and after ozagrel treatment of 200 mg twice daily for 7 days. No statistical significant alteration in elimination half-life, total body clearance or volume of distribution of theophylline was observed by the administration of ozagrel. These results suggest that ozagrel does not inhibit the metabolism of theophylline despite having an imidazole ring in its chemical structure.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

Separation and determination of theophylline from paraxanthine in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A sensitive and highly specific method for the determination of theophylline in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. Theophylline was completely separated from paraxanthine, a major metabolite of caffeine which has been known to interfere with most isocratic reversed-phase HPLC methods, with a mixture of acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 5.0; 5:1:94, v/v %) as the mobile phase using a C18 bonded reversed-phase column. Neither the other xanthine and uric acid derivatives nor numerous drugs tested were found to interfere. The proposed method was applied to therapeutic monitoring utilizing its excellent precision, reproducibility and high specificity for theophylline.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of enoxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin on theophylline disposition in humans.

The effect of three new fluoroquinolones on theophylline kinetics and the urinary excretion of metabolites was studied in 5 healthy subjects (3 male, 2 female). All subjects received serial, single i.v. infusions of theophylline (aminophylline, 250 mg) over 60 min after 200 mg doses of a quinolone (enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin) every 8 h for 3 consecutive days, the quinolone being administered up to the day following theophylline administration. Pretreatment with ofloxacin and norfloxacin did not influence theophylline disposition, but theophylline clearance fell from 0.054 to 0.027 l.h-1.kg-1 in the presence of enoxacin, without a change in the apparent volume of distribution. Enoxacin, too, was the sole compound to increase the urinary excretion of theophylline (33.2 vs 43.9 mg, before vs after treatment), and significantly to decrease the excretion of 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 1-methyluric acid (1-MU) and 1,3-dimethyluric acid (1,3-DMU) in 24-h urine samples (from 19.8 to 7.16 mg, from 28.3 to 10.3 mg and from 68.8 to 49.5 mg, respectively). The effect of the quinolones on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity was investigated in each subject using the ratios of 6-hydroxycortisol to total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and to free cortisol in 24-h urines as an index of the hepatic P-450-dependent enzyme system. No significant difference in ratio was observed between control and other treatments. It is concluded that the theophylline-enoxacin interaction was largely due to inhibition of a metabolic system other than the common hepatic P-450 system.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1978

Metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible to the Gasserian ganglion.

A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible in a 47-year-old woman metastasized to the Gasserian ganglion probably through the perineural space of the inferior alveolar nerve. The patient was treated by irradiation after excision of the tumor from the ganglion. She is currently an outpatient in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department; two years and seven months after the first examination, there is no sign of recurrence or metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1977

1-naphthyl acetate esterases in fluids and tissues of jaw cysts.

The activity and electrophoretic mobility of 1-naphthyl acetate esterases in cystic fluids and cystic tissues of ameloblastomas, follicular and apical cysts were examined. The cystic fluids showed lower activities than sera but had very similar patterns on the electrophoretogram. The activity levels of the three kinds of cystic fluids were not statistically significantly different. The fluid esterases may have originated from serum but they were not produced by the cystic lining tissue. Ameloblastoma tissues showed the highest activity per wet weight and per mg protein of the three kinds of cyst lesions (P less than 0.05). On the electrophoretogram, the esterase-I activity constituted 41% of the total activity in ameloblastomas, whereas in follicular cysts and apical cysts the esterase-I activity constituted 32% and 24% of the total activity, respectively.

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMed1977

Hyperdynamic beta-adrenergic circulatory state. A case report.

A 22-year-old Japanese male with hyperdynamic beta-adrenergic circulatr without premedication. An abnormal electrocardiographic pattern was observed during the dental treatment, which was analyzed from the standpoint of beta-adrenergic receptors and drugs. During treatment, local anesthetics without adrenergic beta-stimulant would be desirable but premedication with beta blocker may be enough even when anesthetic agents with beta-stimulators are used. Furthermore, premedication with minor tranquilizers is also effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Congenital fibromyxoma: report of case.

We have reported the clinical behavior and histochemical patterns of a congenital fibromyxoma in the soft tissues. The tumor was excised without difficulty; one year postoperatively, no recurrence was seen by clinical and radiographic examinations. There were no findings to suggest that the myxoma is a true neoplasm derived from the so-called myxoblast.

Fibroma↗
PubMed1976

Fibrinolytic activity in cystic lesions of jaw bones.

The fibrinolytic activity in the tissues of cystic lesions of jaw bones was investigated by the semiquantitative method of Astrup. The specimens examined were ameloblastoma (9 cases), follicular cyst (8 cases) and radicular cyst (14 cases). High fibrinolytic activity was observed in ameloblastoma, while in radicular cyst the activity was variable. It is suggested that in radicular cyst inflammatory episodes play an important role in activating local fibrinolysis, while in ameloblastoma the tissue itself has a great capacity to induce locally activated plasmin.

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMed1975

Effect of human serum plus streptokinase on spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Vx2 carcinomas transplanted in the maxillary sinus of the rabbit.

The effect of fibrinolysis induced by human serum plus streptokinase on the spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Vx2 carcinomas transplanted in the maxillary sinus of the rabbit was investigated. Human serum plus streptokinase could well induce fibrinolysis in the tumor-bearing rabbits. Induced fibrinolysis significantly promoted the spontaneous pulmonary metastases of Vx2 carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Analysis of 102 lesions diagnosed as "palatal tumor" in a spot diagnosis.

The present report analyzes 102 pathologic conditions of the palate which had been diagnosed as "palatal tumor" in a spot diagnosis at Osaka University Dental Hospital over an 8-year period. Tumors of minor salivary glands were the most frequent (51 cases, 50%). Tumors of non-salivary gland origin numbered 22 cases (21.6%), and inflammatory and cystic lesions totalled 29 cases (28.4%). The specificity of the tumors and the tumorous lesions in the palate are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗