Efficacy and safety of tamsulosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kawabe
Publications and source records attributed to K Kawabe.
Gasless laparoscopy-assisted nephrectomy without tissue morcellation for renal carcinoma.
PURPOSE: The efficacy of gasless laparoscopy-assisted nephrectomy for renal tumors is determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with renal tumors underwent gasless laparoscopy-assisted nephrectomy. The results were compared to those of patients undergoing open nephrectomy. RESULTS: Although a long operating time was required, convalescence was significantly more rapid. En bloc removal of the kidney and complete pathological examination were possible in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure may be useful for the treatment of noninvasive renal carcinoma, especially in patients with cardiovascular and/or ventilatory complications. However, long-term followup is necessary to confirm the efficacy in preventing recurrence.
Adult↗
[General examination and renal function test for tubulointerstitial nephropathy].
This paper deals with the examination of urine and blood specimens and the renal function test specifically as they relate to the diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephropathy. The diagnostic significance of urinalysis, measurement of creatinine, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion, beta 2-microglobulin, alpha 1-microglobulin, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and free water clearance, the Fishberg concentration test and the ammonium chloride loading test is discussed in the evaluation of tubulointerstitial disorder. Physicians must choose the most appropriate ones among the many examinations and tests also from the viewpoints of minimal invasiveness and cost-effectiveness.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
[Consecutive annual changes in minimum inhibitory concentration in clinically isolated Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains].
Between 1983 and 1991, 465 gonococcal strains isolated in the urological department of Japanese Red Cross Medical Center. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these isolates to 22 kinds of antibiotics including penicillins (PC), cephems, tetracyclins (TC) and new quinolons (NQ) were determined and the annual difference of MIC was studied. The annual incidence of penicillinase producing neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) of these 9 years were distributed in 3 to 17% and increasing tendency was not observed. As for Penicillin G, the MIC 90 of PPNG was seven fold higher than that of non-PPNG. No remarked difference was observed between MIC 90 of Cephems, TC and NQ of PPNG and non-PPNG. No annual difference was observed in MIC of PC, Cephems and SPCM. However the rising tendency of MIC was observed in NQ.
Adolescent↗
Maximum flow rate--the single uroflowmetric parameter in clinical trials for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
BACKGROUND: Uroflowmetry parameters should be examined for both reliability and optimal test conditions in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), since the difference between one pre- and one post-intervention uroflow rate is usually evaluated in clinical trials of BPH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Reproducibility of maximum flow rate (Qmax) or its modified forms, and the effects of urinary volume on the reproducibility were examined in terms of Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) in 67 BPH patients. RESULTS: Qmax had a higher r (0.672) as compared to other uroflow rates, such as mathematically modified forms of Qmax and adjusted values of Qmax on nomograms. Reliability was improved by bladder instillation (r = 0.811) or when voided volume was > or = 150 ml or the ratio of volumes was < 2.0 (r = 0.690-0.736). CONCLUSION(S): Qmax, preferably performed with urinary volumes of more than 150 ml or the ratio of volumes less than 2.0, is the most practical single parameter at present in the comparison of two uroflowmetric tests in BPH treatment.
Aged↗
Quantitative autoradiography of alpha 1 adrenoceptors with [3H]tamsulosin in human hypertrophied prostate using computerized image analysis.
Fourteen specimens of human hypertrophied prostate were evaluated for the distribution of alpha 1 adrenoceptors using autoradiography with a computerized image analysis system. The hypertrophied prostatic specimens, obtained at open prostatectomy, were dissected vertically to the urethra, and sectioned at 10 microns. They were immersed in 1 nM of specific alpha 1 ligand, [3H]tamsulosin chloride ([3H]tamsulosin) and exposed to autoradiographic film. The images were analysed by a computerized image analysis system. The total binding of [3H]tamsulosin in the whole section (n = 14) was 0.82 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- SE) nCi mg-1. The autographic data were correlated with data obtained in a membrane-binding assay. The prostatic tissue studied was divided into urethral, glandular and stromal zones, the latter two zones being further divided into the inner and outer areas. The total binding of [3H]tamsulosin in the urethral zone (n = 7) was 0.65 +/- 0.32 nCi mg-1. The glandular zone contained significantly more abundant alpha 1 adrenoceptors than the stromal zone and their densities (glandular vs stromal) were 1.15 +/- 0.19 nCi mg-1 (n = 14) vs 0.72 +/- 0.15 nCi mg-1 (n = 14), respectively (p < 0.05). The data from the whole section were not affected by prostatic weight. This method described enabled the distribution of the receptors in different sites to be evaluated both morphologically and quantitatively.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Serotonergic measures in cyclosporine A treated rats.
Whole blood and plasma serotonin (5-HT), its major metabolite--5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), renal cortical blood flow, serum creatinine and whole blood cyclosporine A (CyA) levels were investigated in rats administered with CyA at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 14 consecutive days. Serum creatinine remained unaltered during CyA treatment and no apparent changes in excised kidneys were found. Dose-dependent increases in whole blood and plasma 5-HT as well as whole blood 5-HIAA levels were observed. Renal cortical blood flow declined significantly and correlated inversely with whole blood 5-HT and 5-HIAA as well as with plasma 5-HT. Whole blood 5-HT was positively related to whole blood CyA levels. Taking all these data into account and considering the fact that 5-HT is a potent vasoconstrictor, a possible role of this amine in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia during CyA administration is suggested.
Animals↗
Fibrinolysis and serotonin under cyclosporine A treatment in renal transplant recipients.
Cyclosporine A (CyA), a potent immunosuppressive drug, has been used in renal transplant recipients with increasing frequency since 1982. Despite its efficacy, CyA therapy has been associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications. This has been attributed to increased thromboxane production, reduced prostacyclin synthesis and increased platelet aggregability. The coagulation system is also altered in CyA-treated patients and some of these changes would favor thrombosis. Increased fibrinogen and FVII:C levels have also been associated with an enhanced risk of thrombosis. In contrast, CyA therapy was reported to increase the levels of antithrombin III and protein C, two proteins known to protect against venous thromboembolism. However, the possible effect of CyA on the fibrinolytic system has not been thoroughly investigated and rather confusing data have been reported concerning both enhancement and suppression of fibrinolysis. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) may play a role in hemostasis and platelet/vessel wall interactions. It may facilitate platelet thrombus formation by potentiating the aggregatory response to other agents such as ADP, collagen or epinephrine and by causing vasoconstriction. Taking all these data into consideration we have measured some fibrinolytic parameters, whole blood and plasma serotonin concentration in cyclosporine A- and non-cyclosporine A-treated kidney transplant recipients.
Creatinine↗
Mediation of renal cyst formation by hepatocyte growth factor.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen for renal tubular cells, and HGF and its receptor (c-met proto-oncogene product, Met) can induce lumen formation in epithelial cells. We measured the concentration of HGF in cyst fluids from patients with renal cystic diseases. The concentration of HGF was high in proximal cyst fluid (mean 2.45 vs 0.42 ng/mL in distal cysts). Cyclic AMP concentration was higher in distal than in proximal cysts (663 vs 6.0 pmol/L). mRNA of HGF and Met were co-expressed in cyst walls from cases with polycystic kidney disease. These findings suggest that HGF is a growth factor that may mediate human renal cyst genesis.
Base Sequence↗
High-affinity specific [3H]tamsulosin binding to alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostates with benign prostatic hypertrophy.
The binding of a novel radioligand, [3H]tamsulosin, to human prostatic membranes with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has been characterized. [3H]Tamsulosin rapidly associated with its binding sites in human prostatic membranes with BPH, and the binding reached steady state by 30 min at 25 degrees C. The rate constants for association and dissociation of [3H]tamsulosin binding were calculated to be 0.21 +/- 0.05/nM per minute and 0.01 +/- 0.004/min, respectively. The specific binding of [3H]tamsulosin in human prostatic membranes was saturable and of high affinity (Kd = 0.04 +/- 0.01 nM). The density of [3H]tamsulosin-binding sites (Bmax) was 409 +/- 28 fmol/mg protein. The Kd and Bmax values for [3H]tamsulosin binding in human prostates were significantly lower than those for [3H]prazosin binding. [3H]tamsulosin binding was remarkable for its significantly lower degree of nonspecific binding. Six alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists competed with [3H]tamsulosin for the binding sites in the rank order: tamsulosin > WB4101 > prazosin > S-(+)-isomer > naftopidil > yohimbine. The binding affinities (pKi) of these antagonists for [3H]tamsulosin binding in human prostates closely correlated with their pharmacological potencies (pA2) in prostates. In conclusion, [3H]tamsulosin selectively labels alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostates, and thus may become a useful radioligand for the further analysis of these receptors.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostate: characterization and binding characteristics of alpha 1-antagonists.
The role of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the mediation of autonomic functions, particularly in the control of the cardiovascular system, is widely known. It has been shown that alpha 1-adrenoceptors localized in human prostate mediate the contraction of prostatic smooth muscles which produces an increase in the intraurethral pressure and thus, these receptors are important in the regulation of bladder outlet resistance. Alpha 1-antagonists such as prazosin relieve the symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) by blocking alpha 1-adrenoceptors, thereby decreasing prostatic tone and urethral resistance. Thus, alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation may be one of the most important factors in the development of urinary obstruction in BPH. Alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostate have been identified and characterized extensively by functional, radioligand binding and molecular biological techniques. These studies provide evidence in support of the concept that the alpha 1C-subtype forms the majority of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human prostatic smooth muscles. It has been shown that YM617 (tamsulosin) and naftopidil have higher affinities to alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the prostate than in the aorta. Some alpha 1-antagonists, such as prazosin and terazosin, are not selective with respect to alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes, while others, such as 5-methylurapidil and indoramin, show higher potencies for alpha 1C-adrenoceptors and much lower potencies for alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-subtypes. In conclusion, the recent findings from pharmacological and molecular biological studies indicate that selective antagonists of alpha 1C-adrenoceptors could be effective in the treatment of urinary obstruction in symptomatic BPH with fewer cardiovascular side effects.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Multidirectional contraction of human hypertrophied prostate.
1. The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate muscle contraction in two directions (longitudinal and circumferential to urethra) physiologically and morphologically for alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. 2. Norepinephrine (10(-7)-10(-4) M), phenylephrine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and clonidine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) induced contractions in a dose-dependent manner on human prostate from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). 3. No significant differences were observed between longitudinal and circumferential directions of human prostate in 50% of the maximal muscle contraction (EC50 values) and the maximal muscle contractions caused by any agents used. 4. Morphometric analysis for muscle in prostates was performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections stained by the Mallory-Azan method. 5. There was no significant difference in the density of the muscle area between longitudinal and circumferential directions of prostatic strips. 6. These results suggest that there are no significant differences in responsiveness of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and the smooth muscle contents in longitudinal and circumferential directions to urethra, for human hypertrophied prostate.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Altered expression of NU-T2-BMZ antigen and type VII collagen in basal cell epithelioma.
The cutaneous basement membrane zone (BMZ) is composed of a large number of molecular components. We have recently reported that one of the CD1b monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), NU-T2, reacts to the BMZ of the normal human skin, esophagus and stomach. In order to further elucidate the biological properties of the NU-T2-BMZ antigen, we investigated the expression of NU-T2-BMZ antigen and type VII collagen (well identified component of anchoring fibrils) in various skin tumors such as basal cell epithelioma (BCE), squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis and seborrheic keratosis. NU-T2 MoAb failed to react to the BMZ in all BCE. Anti-type VII collagen MoAb showed reduced staining of the BMZ in some nests of BCE. Both antigens, however, were preserved in the BMZ of other skin tumors as in the normal adjacent skin. Furthermore, anti-type VII collagen MoAb demonstrated the clear intratumoral staining in all BCE examined. The abnormal expression of NU-T2-BMZ antigen and type VII collagen may partly explain the space formation between the BCE nests and the surrounding stroma frequently observed in histology.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Collagen implantation for post-prostatectomy incontinence: early experience with a transrectal ultrasonographically guided method.
Ten patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence underwent collagen implantation via the transrectal ultrasonographic guided method. Mean followup was 14 months (range 9 to 18 months). The procedure was performed through the perineum with the patient under local or epidural block anesthesia. The mean amount of collagen implantation was 20.0 ml. (range 10 to 37.5) and the mean number of treatments was 1.5 sessions (range 1 to 3). Results were successful in 6 patients, 1 of whom was completely cured (became dry). There were no marked complications associated with this procedure. We previously performed collagen implantation under cystoscopic observation. However, the ultrasonography guided method allows for the bladder neck to be identified and the needle to be positioned with real-time monitoring. After insertion of a urethral balloon catheter, the bladder neck and needle can be visualized clearly by transrectal ultrasonography. In our series the average amount of collagen injected was less than in the conventional method but the results were superior. In conclusion, transrectal ultrasonographically guided collagen implantation via the transperineal approach may be superior for the treatment of urinary incontinence.
Aged↗
Comparison of energy metabolism during the growing period in quail lines selected for body weight.
1. The present study was conducted to compare body weight, daily weight gain, relative growth rate, food intake, food conversion efficiency, abdominal fat weight, thyroid weight, plasma T4 concentration, body temperature, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production among three Japanese-quail lines selected for body weight: a random bred line (RR) and lines for large (LL) or small (SS) body weight. 2. T4 concentration increased in the order SS, RR, LL in both sexes and did not vary significantly between sexes; the SS line had a significantly higher value than that of the LL line. 3. The body temperatures of SS, RR and LL lines were 42.45, 42.03 and 41.25 degrees C in males, and 42.7, 42.03 and 41.63 degrees C in females. 4. The oxygen consumptions of SS, RR and LL lines were 63.4, 46.0 and 43.8 ml/kgW0.75 min. in males, and 61.4, 44.8 and 37.2 in females. The value for SS was significantly higher than those of RR and LL lines in both sexes (P < 0.01). The carbon dioxide productions of SS, RR and LL lines were 31.8, 33.8 and 27.3 ml/kgW0.75 min. in males, and 31.2, 31.9 and 27.3 in females. In both sexes, that of the LL line was significantly lower than those of the SS and RR lines (P < 0.01). 6. The heat productions of SS, RR and LL lines were 1.178, 0.994 and 0.842 kJ/kgW0.75 min. in males, and 1.142, 0.879 and 0.736 in females. In both sexes, the heat production of the SS line was higher than those of the RR and LL lines (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose Tissue↗
Excitation functions of He(n=3) levels in the intermediate-velocity regime of He+-He collisions.
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Journal Article↗
Comparative study on alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist binding in human prostate and aorta.
1. Specific binding of [3H]-prazosin in prostatic and aortic membranes of humans was saturable and of high affinity (prostate: apparent dissociation constant, Kd = 0.35 +/- 0.03 nmol/L; aorta: Kd = 0.26 +/- 0.03 nmol/L). The density of [3H]-prazosin binding sites (Bmax) for prostate and aorta was 546 +/- 31 and 61.6 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg protein, respectively. 2. Prazosin, YM617, naftopidil and urapidil competed with [3H]-prazosin for the binding sites in a dose-dependent manner in the prostate and aorta of humans. The binding affinities of these antagonists in both tissues were compared, based on the inhibition constant, Ki. Both prazosin and urapidil showed similar affinity to [3H]-prazosin binding sites in human tissue, whereas YM617 and naftopidil showed approximately a 12 and two times higher affinity, respectively, to alpha 1-adrenoceptor sites of prostate than aorta. 3. The chloroethylclonidine treatment reduced partially the Bmax values for specific [3H]-prazosin binding in the prostate and aorta of humans with little effect on the Kd values. 4. These data suggest that YM617 is a relatively selective antagonist of human prostatic alpha 1-adrenoceptors.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Effect of immunosuppression on the urinary excretion of BK and JC polyomaviruses in renal allograft recipients.
Sixty-five renal allograft recipients on immunosuppressive therapy were examined for BK and JC viruria using Southern blot hybridization. The incidence and degree of BK and JC viruria were compared between this population (group RTR) and, an age- and sex-matched population of non-immunosuppressed individuals (group CTR). In the results, the incidence of BK viruria was significantly increased in the RTR group compared with the CTR group, while that of JC viruria was similar in the 2 groups. The proportion with a high level of JC viruria, however, was greater in the RTR group compared with the CTR group. Additionally, it was also demonstrated that the incidence of both BK and JC viruria was not affected by the characteristics of renal transplant recipients, such as differences in the donor source (living-related vs cadaveric), type of immunosuppressive agents used, or the time post-transplantation.
Adolescent↗